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      三相八開(kāi)關(guān)容錯(cuò)逆變器的PMSM驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)FCS-MPC策略

      2019-07-22 04:38:54張斌許偉奇戴乾軍
      關(guān)鍵詞:永磁同步電機(jī)

      張斌 許偉奇 戴乾軍

      摘 要關(guān)鍵詞:三相八開(kāi)關(guān)容錯(cuò)逆變器;有限控制集模型預(yù)測(cè)控制;擴(kuò)張狀態(tài)觀測(cè)器;永磁同步電機(jī);開(kāi)關(guān)頻率

      DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2019.06.000

      中圖分類號(hào)文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1007 -449X(2019)06 -0000 -00

      Abstract:The operation mode of driving system under fault conditions is studied aiming at the single bridge arm fault and unbalanced bus voltage dividing of PNC threelevel inverter, a drive control strategy is proposed for three phases eightswitch faulttolerant inverter (TPESFTI) with current feedback characteristics, and its topology and output voltage model are constructed.Combined model predictive control theory with extended state observer (ESO) technology, a finite control set model predictive control is proposed for PMSM systems Driven by three phase eightswitch faulttolerant inverter. Considering the influence of system parameter changes on the back EMF, an observer is designed by extended state observer(ESO) technology to realize the realtime estimation of the back EMF. At the same time, the nonlinear constraint term of the objective function in FCSMPC is used to reduce the switching frequency of the inverter. The simulation results show that the control strategy can ensure the reliable and stable operation of TPESFTI drive PMSM system, which can not only effectively suppress the adverse effect resulting from the unbalance of DC link capacitor voltages on the system and reduce switching loss, but also with good dynamic performance as well as strong load resistance and robustness .

      Keywords: threephase eightswitch faulttolerant inverter; finite control set model predictive control; extended state observe; permanent magnet synchronous; switch frequency

      0 引 言

      1981年Naba A等[1]學(xué)者對(duì)三電平逆變器(neutral point clamped, NPC)進(jìn)行深入地研究分析,并獲得了其拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和空間電壓矢量。與常規(guī)三相兩電平相比,三相NPC型三電平逆變器具備優(yōu)良的諧波頻譜,較小的功率管承電壓力和開(kāi)關(guān)損耗以及高效性等顯著優(yōu)勢(shì);因此,在交流電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用最為廣泛[2-11]。由于NPC型三電平逆變器結(jié)構(gòu)需要更多的功率管器件,從而會(huì)導(dǎo)致其可靠性降低,一旦某橋臂故障(即短路和斷路)時(shí)將會(huì)使驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)停止運(yùn)行,甚至?xí)绊懫渌到y(tǒng)的安全運(yùn)行,并且造成不可估量的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失[12]。在某些交流傳動(dòng)控制領(lǐng)域中對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的可靠性要求較高,即使逆變器發(fā)生故障時(shí),系統(tǒng)仍能持續(xù)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。因此,為了提高三電平逆變器驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的可靠性,將對(duì)其容錯(cuò)控制技術(shù)的研究具有更重要意義。

      近些年來(lái),海內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)三電平逆變器的容錯(cuò)控制進(jìn)行深入研究,目前,NPC型三電平逆變器的容錯(cuò)控制技術(shù)成為熱門(mén)的研究課題[13-21]。NPC型三電平逆變器的任何一橋臂發(fā)生短路或斷路時(shí),最常用的兩種容錯(cuò)控制拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)為:“三橋臂”和“四橋臂”[20]。文獻(xiàn)[13-18]采用的是三橋臂容錯(cuò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的方法;其實(shí)質(zhì)是逆變器的某一橋臂故障時(shí),在不需要增添冗余主橋臂基礎(chǔ)上,將連接故障橋臂相和直流母線兩電容中點(diǎn),即為三相八開(kāi)關(guān)逆變器(threephases eightswitch Inverter,TPESI)的容錯(cuò)控制策略。文獻(xiàn)[19-21]采取的是四橋臂容錯(cuò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的方法;其方法是在原有逆變器的基礎(chǔ)之上增添一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同的冗余主橋壁,若逆變器的某橋臂出現(xiàn)故障,故障橋臂相則會(huì)被冗余主橋臂所替代,其工作原理與三相十二開(kāi)關(guān)逆變器(threephase twelveswitch inverter, TPTSI)的運(yùn)行相同;但是由于該驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的功率管數(shù)目增加,容易降低整個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性,并且顯著地增加了系統(tǒng)的成本。相比四橋臂容錯(cuò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的方法,TPESI容錯(cuò)控制(即三橋臂容錯(cuò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的方法)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低等特點(diǎn)。在三相八開(kāi)關(guān)容錯(cuò)逆變器(threephase eightswitch fault tolerant inverter, TPESFTI)的驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中直流母線電容分壓不均衡時(shí),該驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)輸出信號(hào)(即電壓和電流)的諧波含量高,將會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)的控制性能降低。基于上述問(wèn)題的分析,文獻(xiàn)[18]研究分析了TPESFTI直流側(cè)兩電容電壓波動(dòng)(即分壓不均衡)機(jī)理,并采用注入零序電壓來(lái)抑制其波動(dòng)。因此,對(duì)TPESFTI的電容電壓不平衡進(jìn)行抑制具有重要的研究意義。

      永磁同步電機(jī)(permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM)具備簡(jiǎn)單易行、效率高和功率因數(shù)大等突出優(yōu)勢(shì)[3];因此,近年來(lái)學(xué)者們致力于在航天、工業(yè)機(jī)器人和數(shù)控機(jī)床等領(lǐng)域引起廣泛關(guān)注和研究。最常用的PMSM系統(tǒng)的控制策略有直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制(direct torque control, DTC)法和矢量控制(field oriental control, FOC)方法兩類。隨后,一種高效可靠的有限控制集模型預(yù)測(cè)控制(finite control set model predictive control, FCSMPC)策略相繼被提出[22-23]。與FOC和DTC策略相比,F(xiàn)CSMPC具有良好的動(dòng)態(tài)性能,簡(jiǎn)單易行,并且能夠有效地解決非約束項(xiàng)等問(wèn)題[24-25]。傳統(tǒng)FCSMPC需要在一個(gè)采樣時(shí)刻(即采樣周期)預(yù)測(cè)出逆變器所有效電壓矢量下的開(kāi)關(guān)狀態(tài)變量,從而尋找出最佳的開(kāi)關(guān)狀態(tài);但其運(yùn)算量大將成為在交流電機(jī)領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用的主要瓶頸[14]。為了解決上述問(wèn)題,張永昌等[28]提出了一種改進(jìn)型的電流模型用預(yù)測(cè)控制策略,其不僅能夠相應(yīng)地降低系統(tǒng)計(jì)算量,而且補(bǔ)償了系統(tǒng)的延時(shí);該控制策略利用過(guò)去時(shí)刻的電壓、電流來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的反電動(dòng)勢(shì)項(xiàng);但是當(dāng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部不確定項(xiàng)(即電機(jī)參數(shù))發(fā)生突變時(shí),反電動(dòng)勢(shì)項(xiàng)的精確性將直接影響控制系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)性能。

      4 結(jié) 論

      本文研究了PNC型三電平逆變器單橋臂故障和母線電壓分壓不均衡等條件下的永磁同步PMSM有限控制集模型預(yù)測(cè)控制策略。針對(duì)PNC型三電平逆變器單橋臂故障和母線電壓分壓不均衡等問(wèn)題,將電流反饋特性應(yīng)用到三相八開(kāi)關(guān)容錯(cuò)逆變器(TPESFTI)的驅(qū)動(dòng)控制中;考慮系統(tǒng)參數(shù)變化對(duì)反電動(dòng)勢(shì)的影響,構(gòu)造出基于ESO的反電動(dòng)勢(shì)辨識(shí)方法;為了降低逆變器的開(kāi)關(guān)頻率,通過(guò)在FCSMPC中的目標(biāo)函數(shù)添加非線性約束來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。仿真結(jié)果表明,該控制策略能夠保證TPESFTI的PMSM驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)可靠穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,并且能夠有效地抑制直流側(cè)母線電容分壓不均對(duì)系統(tǒng)的影響以及降低驅(qū)動(dòng)逆變器的開(kāi)關(guān)損耗,同時(shí)提高了控制系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)性能。

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      (編輯:賈志超)

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