摘 要:高考英語一卷里,不論哪個(gè)英語水平的學(xué)生,都是七選五上都失分最多。一方面,學(xué)生做題只顧句意,而忽略文章結(jié)構(gòu),而且學(xué)生對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系判斷不準(zhǔn)確。另一方面,學(xué)生做題沒有章法,缺乏技巧,胡子眉毛一把抓。針對(duì)這一問題,本文旨在探討七選五題型的做題技巧和策略,并通過理論運(yùn)用于習(xí)題中,來提高學(xué)生七選五的正確率。
關(guān)鍵詞:七選五;技巧策略;策略運(yùn)用
一、七選五解題策略
在近幾年英語試卷中多個(gè)地區(qū)采用“七選五”型閱讀理解題,試題模式為:給出一篇缺少5個(gè)句子的文章,七個(gè)選項(xiàng),根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容,選出正確的句子,填入相應(yīng)的空白處。其文體特點(diǎn):短文(說明文居多)或?qū)υ?。選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):選項(xiàng)大致可分為:主旨概括句(文章整體內(nèi)容);過渡性句子(文章結(jié)構(gòu));注釋性句子(上下文邏輯意義)這三類。針對(duì)題型特點(diǎn),七選五的解題策略包括:行為結(jié)構(gòu)法;邏輯關(guān)系法;關(guān)鍵詞法;指示代詞法;標(biāo)題句法。
二、策略運(yùn)用于實(shí)踐
1.行為結(jié)構(gòu)法:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的七選五結(jié)構(gòu)基本都是總分式,第一段總得提出問題,隨后段落分說方法論。段落里也會(huì)出現(xiàn)并列句式?,F(xiàn)以2014年全國一卷為例來說明:
Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience,there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often:ability,money and time,_36_Money is a topic Ill save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:
B.Ability is easily improved.
解析:先將句意擱置,從宏觀角度觀察篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。該段落屬于總分式結(jié)構(gòu),主題句是“From my experience,there are three main reasons...:ability,money and time”,而下文提到了“money”和“time”,可推測空36應(yīng)該會(huì)談?wù)摗癮bility”,即選出答案B。
2.邏輯關(guān)系法:英語的句、段之間經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞或某些具有關(guān)聯(lián)作用的副詞表示銜接或過渡,使文章邏輯更清楚和連貫,因此學(xué)生要緊抓文章中和選項(xiàng)中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系(轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、因果、并列、遞進(jìn)和解釋說明)。現(xiàn)以13年全國二卷為例:
How to Make Friends
There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town,or changed our jobs or schools.Such changes often leave us without a friend 71.But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
E.Making new friends comes easy for some people.
解析:空71下文出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折詞“but”再根據(jù)句意可知上文肯定與“difficult”意思相反,所以可以直接將選項(xiàng)定位到E。
3.關(guān)鍵詞法:也叫原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),同義詞或者近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。原詞在下文反復(fù)出現(xiàn)是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段。所以學(xué)生大可以用這個(gè)技巧去縮小選項(xiàng)范圍。此處以15年全國一卷為例:
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
39? ?If youve been betrayed,you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives,well have our trust tested or violated.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
4.整段都在圍繞“victim”展開來說明“在一段友誼中,即使找遭遇到背叛或者信任危機(jī),都不能將自己視為這段關(guān)系的受害者”。“victim”在文中總共出現(xiàn)了三次,對(duì)應(yīng)答案就是C。
指示代詞法:在精讀各段和各選項(xiàng)的過程中,一定要注意句子中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或指示代詞,特別是選項(xiàng)中以及空格前后句中出現(xiàn)的代詞,充分理解代詞所指代的名詞或句子,從而有助于選出最選項(xiàng)。用17年全國二卷舉例說明:
If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.40 .If someone knocks and its not an important matter.Excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示)than when the door is closed,youre not to be disturbed.
G.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not
解析:此文講的是如何避免別人打擾,根據(jù)句首“a door”可知其中的一個(gè)方法是保持自己辦公室門敞開,這樣就方便自己隨時(shí)結(jié)束與來客談話。而選項(xiàng)G中的“it”就指代的是“l(fā)eave a door open”,故選G。
5.標(biāo)題句法:一般的七選五的標(biāo)題句,其作用是總結(jié)概括該段大意。其特點(diǎn)短小精悍,多以祈使句出現(xiàn),句式對(duì)應(yīng),結(jié)構(gòu)一致。但現(xiàn)在高考全國卷的七選五再?zèng)]有出現(xiàn)標(biāo)黑的主題句,也就加大了做題難度,這就需要學(xué)生縱觀全文,擦亮眼睛,仔細(xì)觀察。例子如下:
Recognize the problem
...This is an important way to decide exactly how much you need to cut down.
Shopping or spending money when you feel upset,angry,lonely,or anxious
Feeling lost or lonely without your credit cards
Consistently purchasing with credit rather than cash
38
Spending lots of your time trying to manage money and bills to accommodate your spending habits
A.Lying about your spending habits or the cost of specific items.
解析:經(jīng)觀察空38為標(biāo)題句,根據(jù)其上下標(biāo)題句的特點(diǎn)都是以“現(xiàn)在分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)開始,所以答案就縮小到選項(xiàng)A,在結(jié)合句意講的是“人們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)購物上癮”,最終確定答案為A。
以上便是七選五有效的解題技巧。但此處需要提醒的是英語習(xí)題的一切技巧都是建立在一定詞匯量的基礎(chǔ)上,能讀懂語篇才是王道,技巧只起到輔助作用。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]陳琳等.普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn))解讀[M].南京:江蘇教育出版社,2003.
作者簡介:
張嬌,1989年出生,性別女,漢族,籍貫丹鳳縣,現(xiàn)就職于陜西省西安中學(xué),學(xué)歷:碩士研究生,職稱:中教一級(jí)。主要研究方向:跨文化交際。
(作者單位:西安中學(xué))