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      基于端電壓平均值和準(zhǔn)滑模觀測器的無刷直流電機(jī)控制

      2019-10-21 09:31倪有源余長城陳浩
      關(guān)鍵詞:滑模直流電機(jī)永磁

      倪有源 余長城 陳浩

      Abstract:Sensorless control is the trend of development in the future. In order to improve the accuracy of a sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor control system, based on an average terminal voltage, a quasi sliding mode observer with a line back electromotive force (EMF) was proposed. To reduce chattering in the traditional sliding mode observer, a saturation function with boundary layer was employed and the average terminal voltage was sampled. In the control strategy, line back EMF without filter circuit and phase compensation module were obtained, and by using of the line back EMF as commutation signal the problem of phase back EMF as commutation signal lagging 30° electrical degree was eliminated with the actual commutation signal. The virtual hall signals corresponding the line back EMF determine the commutation signals. Compared with the traditional sliding mode control method, the proposed method can be used to obtain low torque ripple and fast response speed. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method is effective and correct .

      Keywords:sensorless control; brushless DC motor; average terminal voltage; line back electromotive force; quasi sliding mode observer

      0 引 言

      永磁無刷直流電機(jī)具有控制簡單、可靠性高以及效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于各種場合[1]。傳統(tǒng)的無刷直流電機(jī)采用霍爾傳感器檢測轉(zhuǎn)子位置從而換相,然而位置傳感器卻限制了無刷直流電機(jī)在一些場合的應(yīng)用而且造成電機(jī)成本過高。因此,無位置傳感器無刷直流電機(jī)已成為關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)之一。

      國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對于無位置傳感器控制技術(shù)進(jìn)行了廣泛研究。常用的轉(zhuǎn)子位置檢測方法有反電勢檢測、續(xù)流二極管導(dǎo)通檢測、磁鏈檢測、觀測器檢測[2-7]等。在觀測器檢測方法中,滑模觀測器具有良好的魯棒性、簡化的外圍參數(shù)[8]等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被眾多學(xué)者深入研究?;S^測器的設(shè)計(jì)常常在估值振蕩、相位延遲、收斂速度、系統(tǒng)能量損耗等因素之間進(jìn)行取舍。文獻(xiàn)[9-10]針對無位置傳感器電動汽車驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)分別將高階非奇異終端模型和模糊邏輯引入滑模觀測器,根據(jù)滑模運(yùn)動的情形來消除估算振蕩,確保系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和魯棒性,整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)算量十分巨大。文獻(xiàn)[11]采用了一種雙曲正切函數(shù)代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)滑模函數(shù)來削弱估值振蕩,同時(shí)將線反電勢加入狀態(tài)方程增加轉(zhuǎn)子估算的準(zhǔn)確性,這種結(jié)合使用的方法無疑增加了運(yùn)算的復(fù)雜性,使得在寬轉(zhuǎn)速電機(jī)推廣應(yīng)用中受到限制,動態(tài)響應(yīng)也很差。文獻(xiàn)[12]采用分段飽和函數(shù)代替簡單的符號函數(shù),滑模輸入誤差在邊界層內(nèi)外適用于分段函數(shù)中不同的條件,從而有效地減小了估值振蕩的問題,但是并沒有將分段函數(shù)進(jìn)行理論推導(dǎo),沒有和實(shí)驗(yàn)匹配的理論支撐。文獻(xiàn)[13-14]均采取sigmoid函數(shù)構(gòu)造代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)符號函數(shù),提高了轉(zhuǎn)子位置的估算精確度,但是收斂問題使得整個(gè)系統(tǒng)魯棒性變差,從而動態(tài)響應(yīng)速度需要進(jìn)一步提高。

      本文在文獻(xiàn)[12]提出的通過構(gòu)建飽和函數(shù)搭建準(zhǔn)滑模觀測器的基礎(chǔ)上,采用冪次趨近律進(jìn)行了理論推導(dǎo),不僅可以克服傳統(tǒng)滑??刂贫墩竦娜秉c(diǎn),而且可以省去系統(tǒng)中的濾波電路。同時(shí),本文提出了基于端電壓平均值的準(zhǔn)滑模控制,通過采樣端電壓的平均值進(jìn)一步減少電路中的雜波,從而提高了系統(tǒng)控制的精確度。

      1 無刷直流電機(jī)數(shù)學(xué)模型

      三相無刷直流電機(jī)系統(tǒng)的等效電路如圖1所示。

      4 結(jié) 論

      1)與傳統(tǒng)的滑模觀測控制相比,采用端電壓的平均值作為觀測器的輸入量,能夠從一開始就減少輸入量中雜波對系統(tǒng)的影響,從而提高系統(tǒng)控制的精度。

      2)采用線反電勢檢測的策略,不僅可以直接獲取換相信號,而且不需要外加補(bǔ)償電路,也不需要中性點(diǎn)電壓。與傳統(tǒng)方法相比,該方法能夠簡化控制電路。

      3)與傳統(tǒng)的滑??刂葡啾?,采用準(zhǔn)滑模冪次趨近率的控制策略,可以減少各種濾波電路,動態(tài)響應(yīng)速度快,同時(shí)也可以有效抑制抖振。電機(jī)在高速范圍內(nèi)效果優(yōu)良,低速階段效果不佳,整個(gè)系統(tǒng)功耗較小。仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了提出的控制策略具有較好的可行性。

      參 考 文 獻(xiàn):

      [1] 夏長亮, 方紅偉. 永磁無刷直流電機(jī)及其控制[J]. 電工技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào), 2012, 27(3): 25.

      XIA Changliang,F(xiàn)ANG Hongwei. Permanent magnet brushless DC motor and its control[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(3): 25.

      [2] WU Yuanyuan, DENG Zhiquan, WANG Xiaolin, et al. Position sensorless control based on coordinate transformation for brushless DC motor drive[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2010, 25(9): 2365.

      [3] 吳元元, 鄧智泉, 王曉琳, 等. 基于正交坐標(biāo)變換的永磁無刷直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速估計(jì)方法[J]. 中國電機(jī)工程學(xué)報(bào), 2012, 32(6): 145.

      WU Yuanyuan, DENG Zhiquan, WANG Xiaolin, et al. A speed estimation method based on the orthogonal coordinate transformation for permanent magnet brushless DC motor drives[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(6): 145.

      [4] LI Wenzhuo, FANG Jiangcheng, LI Haitao. Position sensorless control without phase shifter for high-speed BLDC motor with low inductance and non-ideal back EMF[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(2): 1354.

      [5] CHUN TaeWon, TRAN Quangvinh, LEE HongHee. Sensorless control of BLDC motor drive for an automotive fuel pump using a hysteresis comparator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(3): 1382.

      [6] STIRBAN Alin, BOLDEA Ion. Motion sensorless control of BLDC-PM motor with offline FEM information assisted position and speed observer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Application, 2012, 48(6): 1950.

      [7] 王大方, 祝雅琦, 金毅, 等. 一種新穎的無刷直流電機(jī)位置檢測方法[J]. 電工技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào), 2013, 28(2): 139.

      WANG Dafang, ZHU Yaqi, JIN Yi, et al. A novel research on detecting position of brushless DC motors[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013, 28(2): 139.

      [8] 朱洪雨. 基于滑模觀測器永磁同步電機(jī)無位置傳感器控制研究[D]. 哈爾濱: 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué), 2009.

      [9] WANG Yaonan, ZHANG Xizheng, YU Xiaofang. Position sensorless hybrid sliding-mode control of electric vehicles with brushless DC motor[J]. IEEE Transactions on VehicularTechnology, 2011, 60(2): 421.

      [10] CAO Jianbo,CAO Binggang. Fuzzy logic based sliding-mode controller design for position sensorless electric vehicle[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2009, 24(10): 2368.

      [11] 史婷娜, 肖竹欣, 肖有文, 等. 基于改進(jìn)型滑模觀測器的無刷直流電機(jī)無位置傳感器控制[J]. 中國電機(jī)工程學(xué)報(bào), 2015, 35(8): 2043.

      SHI Tingna, XIAO Zhuxin, XIAO Youwen, et al. A position sensorless control strategy for BLDCM based on an improved sliding mode observer[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(8): 2043.

      [12] 朱俊杰, 粟梅, 王湘中. 分段式滑模變結(jié)構(gòu)無刷直流電機(jī)直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制[J].儀器儀表學(xué)報(bào), 2013, 34(11): 2634.

      ZHU Junjie, SU Mei, WANG Xiangzhong. Direct torque control of brushless DC motors based on segmented sliding mode variable structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2013, 34(11): 2634.

      [13] 樊英, 張麗, 程明. 基于寬速滑模觀測器的新型自減速永磁輪轂電機(jī)無傳感器直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制[J]. 電工技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào), 2014, 29(5): 141.

      FAN Ying, ZHANG Li, CHENG Ming. A wide-speed sliding mode observer for sensorless direct torque control of a new self-decelerating permanent magnet in-wheel motor[J]. Transactions ofChina Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(5): 141.

      [14] KIM H, SON J, LEE J. A high-speed sliding-mode observer for the sensorless speed control of a PMSM[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011, 58(9): 4069.

      [15] 崔臣軍, 劉剛. 基于線反電動勢的高速磁懸浮無刷直流電機(jī)無位置換相策略[J]. 電工技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào), 2014, 29(9): 119.

      CUI Chenjun, LIU Gang. Commutation strategy of high-speed maglev brushless DC motors based on the line-to-line back-EMF without position sensor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(9): 119.

      [16] DAMODHARAN P, VASUDEVAN K. Sensorless brushless DC motor drive based on the zero-crossing detection of back electromotive force (EMF) from the line voltage difference[J]. IEEE Transactions on EnergyConversion,2010, 25(3): 661.

      [17] LU Haifeng, ZHANG Lei, QU Wenlong. A new torque control method for torque ripple minimization of BLDC motors with un-ideal back EMF[J]. IEEE Transactions on PowerElectronics, 2008, 23(2): 950.

      [18] CHEN Chenghu, CHENG Mingyang. A new cost effective sensorless commutation method for brushless DC motors without phase shift circuit and neutral voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2007, 22(7): 644.

      [19] TSOTOULIDIS S, SAFACAS A N.Deployment of an adaptable sensorless commutation technique on BLDC motor drives exploiting zero sequence voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(2): 877.

      (編輯:賈志超)

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