游蘭 戴振芬 蘇莉
【摘要】 目的:分析Akt通路在滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖中的調(diào)控機(jī)制。方法:體外培養(yǎng)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞,應(yīng)用MMT檢測(cè)不同濃度表皮生長(zhǎng)因子處理滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖的情況。流式細(xì)胞技術(shù)檢測(cè)不同濃度表皮生長(zhǎng)因子處理滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的凋亡情況。使用Akt通路抑制劑LY294002處理后,檢測(cè)不同組別的滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖情況。結(jié)果:不使用LY294002,干預(yù)組細(xì)胞增殖高于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)組2細(xì)胞增殖高于干預(yù)組1;使用LY294002,細(xì)胞增殖被抑制,干預(yù)組細(xì)胞增殖高于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)組2細(xì)胞增殖高于干預(yù)組1(P<0.05)。不使用LY294002,干預(yù)組細(xì)胞凋亡低于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)組2細(xì)胞凋亡低于干預(yù)組1;使用LY294002,細(xì)胞凋亡得以促進(jìn),干預(yù)組細(xì)胞凋亡均小于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)組2細(xì)胞凋亡低于干預(yù)組1(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:表皮生長(zhǎng)因子可激活A(yù)kt通路促進(jìn)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的增殖,降低滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的凋亡。Akt通路抑制劑能阻斷表皮生長(zhǎng)因子促進(jìn)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的增殖。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞; Akt; 增殖; 調(diào)控; 表皮生長(zhǎng)因子
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.23.075 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 B 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2019)23-0-02
【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the regulatory mechanism of Akt pathway in trophoblast cell proliferation.Method:Trophoblasts cells were cultured in vitro.MTT was used to detect the proliferation of trophoblast cells treated with epidermal growth factor at different concentrations.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of trophoblast cells treated with different concentrations of epidermal growth factor.Proliferation of trophoblast cells in different groups was detected after treatment with Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002.Result:Without LY294002,the cell proliferation of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,and the cell proliferation of the intervention group 2 was higher than that of the intervention group 1.With LY294002,cell proliferation was inhibited.The cell proliferation of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,and the cell proliferation of the intervention group 2 was higher than that of the intervention group 1.Without LY294002,the apoptosis of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group,and that of the intervention group 2 was lower than that of the intervention group 1.With LY294002,apoptosis was promoted.The apoptosis of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group,and that of the intervention group 2 was lower than that of the intervention group 1(P<0.05).Conclusion:Epidermal growth factor can activate the Akt pathway to promote the proliferation of trophoblast cells and reduce the apoptosis of trophoblast cells.Akt pathway inhibitors can block epidermal growth factor from promoting trophoblast cell proliferation.
【Key words】 Trophoblast cell; Akt; Proliferation; Regulation; Epidermal growth factor
First-authors address:CITIC Huizhou Hospital,Huizhou 516006,China
滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞是胎盤的主要成分,正常增殖是胎盤著床的必要條件[1]。當(dāng)增殖異常時(shí),滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞侵襲能力下降,容易導(dǎo)致流產(chǎn)和宮內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)受限[2]。研究表明,滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖受時(shí)間和空間的調(diào)控,主要依賴于信號(hào)通路傳遞信息。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Akt通路可能與滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖有關(guān)[3]。但具體機(jī)制尚不清楚。為了分析Akt通路在滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖中的調(diào)控機(jī)制,在體外培養(yǎng)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞進(jìn)行研究。
1 材料與方法
1.1 一般材料
選擇人細(xì)胞外滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞,使用無血清培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞。主要儀器:美國(guó)BD公司生產(chǎn)的流式細(xì)胞儀,英國(guó)UVP公司生產(chǎn)的成像分析系統(tǒng)。
1.2 研究方法
首先進(jìn)行細(xì)胞培養(yǎng):將細(xì)胞接種于培養(yǎng)瓶中,使用新生牛血清的培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。細(xì)胞融合后用胰蛋白酶消化,洗滌后進(jìn)行傳代。細(xì)胞接種于96孔板,使用無血清培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。采用四甲基偶氮唑藍(lán)MMT顯示轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞的增殖情況,干預(yù)組1、2無血清培養(yǎng)基中分別加入表皮生長(zhǎng)因子50、100 ng/ml作用24 h(干預(yù)組1、干預(yù)組2)。對(duì)照組不加表皮生長(zhǎng)因子。檢測(cè)各組吸光光度值。流式細(xì)胞技術(shù)檢測(cè)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞凋亡情況,將LY294002加入三組中作用24 h,觀察每個(gè)培養(yǎng)基中的凋亡及增殖情況[4]。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
本研究數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析和處理,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
不使用LY294002,干預(yù)組細(xì)胞增殖高于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)組2細(xì)胞增殖高于干預(yù)組1;使用LY294002,細(xì)胞增殖被抑制,干預(yù)組細(xì)胞增殖高于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)組2細(xì)胞增殖高于干預(yù)組1(P<0.05)。不使用LY294002,干預(yù)組細(xì)胞凋亡低于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)組2細(xì)胞凋亡低于干預(yù)組1;使用LY294002,細(xì)胞凋亡得以促進(jìn),干預(yù)組細(xì)胞凋亡小于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)組2細(xì)胞凋亡小于干預(yù)組1(P<0.05),見表1。
3 討論
在胎盤的發(fā)育過程中,滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞呈現(xiàn)高度增殖的特征[5-6]。滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞同時(shí)也表現(xiàn)出惡性的特征,高度增殖,細(xì)胞間的黏附減少,能夠遷移、侵蝕入胎盤,有利于胚胎的發(fā)育[7]。但是當(dāng)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞功能不良時(shí),常常引起流產(chǎn)、胎兒生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育受限等[8]。當(dāng)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞異常增殖時(shí),會(huì)發(fā)生絨癌[9]。滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的增殖需要許多生長(zhǎng)因子的調(diào)控,通過信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)調(diào)控滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖。近來許多研究表明生長(zhǎng)因子表達(dá)于胎盤母體界面,對(duì)胎盤發(fā)育有重要的作用[10]。在胎盤發(fā)育的過程中,需要大量滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的存在,如果影響促進(jìn)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路,則功能將會(huì)發(fā)生變化[11]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)使用LY294002,細(xì)胞增殖被抑制。表皮生長(zhǎng)因子可活化滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞Alt通路,促進(jìn)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖,抑制滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞凋亡。用LY294002逆轉(zhuǎn)表皮生長(zhǎng)因子促進(jìn)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞增殖的效應(yīng)。Akt通路是經(jīng)典的信號(hào)通路,與細(xì)胞增殖有關(guān),對(duì)促進(jìn)細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)非常重要[12]。Akt通路可能與PI3K有關(guān)[13]。PI3K是一種促肌醇環(huán)第3位羥基磷酸化的磷脂酰肌酸激酶,具有絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶活性[14]。與磷酸化氨基酸殘基的生長(zhǎng)因子受體相互作用,引起二聚體構(gòu)象改變,激活后的PI3K可以使磷酸肌醇磷酸化,催化PI3,4-P2。作為第二信使介導(dǎo)PI3K的功能,通過與Akt的PH區(qū)結(jié)合激活A(yù)kt。Akt是一種絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶,導(dǎo)致Akt從胞漿轉(zhuǎn)至細(xì)胞質(zhì)膜,并促進(jìn)Ser473和Thr308磷酸,激活A(yù)kt并通過誘導(dǎo)各種抗凋亡基因表達(dá)或通過信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)抑制細(xì)胞凋亡[15]。
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(收稿日期:2019-03-07) (本文編輯:桑茹南)