胡斯明 徐曉 徐國鵬
【摘要】 目的 探討中性粒細(xì)胞與淋巴細(xì)胞比值(NLR)、血小板與淋巴細(xì)胞比值(PLR)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)病情評(píng)估中的臨床價(jià)值。方法 選擇55例AECOPD患者作為AECOPD 組, 54例慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩(wěn)定期(SCOPD)患者作為SCOPD 組, 同期體檢的60例健康體檢者作為對(duì)照組。比較三組研究對(duì)象基本資料、NLR、PLR、第1秒用力呼氣容量占預(yù)計(jì)值的百分比(FEV1%)、BODE指數(shù);比較AECOPD不同肺功能分級(jí)患者NLR、PLR、FEV1%、BODE指數(shù);分析NLR、PLR與BODE 指數(shù)的相關(guān)性, NLR、PLR在AECOPD中的診斷效能。結(jié)果 對(duì)照組煙齡短于SCOPD組、AECOPD組, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);SCOPD組、AECOPD組患者煙齡比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。三組研究對(duì)象年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。三組研究對(duì)象NLR、PLR、FEV1%、BODE指數(shù)比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。AECOPD肺功能分級(jí)Ⅰ級(jí)8例, Ⅱ級(jí)12例, Ⅲ級(jí)16例, Ⅳ級(jí)19例。AECOPD不同肺功能分級(jí)患者NLR、PLR、FEV1%、BODE指數(shù)比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05), 隨著分級(jí)的增加, NLR、PLR、BODE指數(shù)增加, FEV1%降低。NLR、PLR與BODE 指數(shù)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.751、0.748, P<0.05)。NLR的ROC曲線下面積為0.87, 95%CI=(0.139, 0.731), 敏感度為88%, 特異度為86%;PLR的ROC曲線下面積為0.74, 95%CI=(0.614, 0.902), 敏感度為82%, 特異度為80%。
結(jié)論 NLR和PLR對(duì)AECOPD有較好的診斷效能, 與 BODE 指數(shù)具有相關(guān)性, 可作為評(píng)估慢性阻塞性肺疾病病情及預(yù)后的便捷、實(shí)用的臨床指標(biāo)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 慢性阻塞性肺疾病;急性加重;中性粒細(xì)胞;淋巴細(xì)胞;血小板
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2019.33.003
Clinical value of PLR and NLR in evaluation of disease condition of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ? HU Si-ming, XU Xiao, XU Guo-peng, et al. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
【Abstract】 Objective ? To discuss the clinical value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in evaluation of disease condition of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods ? There were 55 AECOPD patients as AECOPD group, 54 patients with stable-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (SCOPD) as SCOPD group, and 60 healthy people as the control group. The basic data, forced expiratory volume in the first second as percentage of predicted value (FEV1%) and BODE index was compared in three groups, and NLR, PLR, FEV1% and BODE index was compared in patients with different pulmonary function grades of AECOPD. The correlation between NLR, PLR and BODE index, and diagnostic efficiency of NLR and PLR in AECOPD was analyzed. Results ? The smoking time of control group was shorter than those of SCOPD group and AECOPD group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in smoking time between SCOPD group and AECOPD group (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in age and body mass index (BMI) in three groups (P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in NLR, PLR, FEV1% and BODE index among three groups (P<0.05). The AECOPD pulmonary function classification grade Ⅰ in 8 cases, grade Ⅱ in 12 cases, grade Ⅲ in 16 cases and grade Ⅳ in 19 cases. There were statistically significant differences in NLR, PLR, FEV1% and BODE index among the patients with different pulmonary function grades of AECOPD (P<0.05). With the increase of grades, NLR, PLR, BODE index increased, FEV1% decreased. NLR and PLR were positively correlated with BODE index (r=0.751、0.748, P<0.05). The area under ROC curve of NLR was 0.87, 95%CI=(0.139, 0.731), sensitivity was 88%, specificity was 86%; the area under ROC curve of PLR was 0.74, 95%CI=(0.614, 0.902), sensitivity was 82%, specificity was 80%. Conclusion ?NLR and PLR shows good diagnostic effect on AECOPD, and are correlated with BODE index. They can be used as a convenient and practical clinical index to evaluate the condition and prognosis of COPD.
2. 4 NLR、PLR與BODE 指數(shù)相關(guān)性分析 NLR、PLR與BODE 指數(shù)呈正相關(guān)(r=0.751、0.748, P<0.05)。
2. 5 PLR和NLR對(duì)AECOPD的診斷效能分析 NLR的ROC曲線下面積為0.87, 95%CI=(0.139, 0.731), 敏感度為88%, 特異度為86%;PLR的ROC曲線下面積為0.74, 95%CI=
(0.614, 0.902), 敏感度為82%, 特異度為80%。見圖1。
3 討論
COPD是一種慢性氣道炎癥性疾病, 具有不完全可逆性氣流受限特征, 是全球范圍內(nèi)引起慢性疾病死亡的主要疾病之一, 預(yù)計(jì)到2030年COPD將成為全球第三大致死性疾
病[7]。COPD急性發(fā)作將導(dǎo)致患者生存質(zhì)量明顯下降, 嚴(yán)重者出現(xiàn)呼吸衰竭等并發(fā)癥, 加速肺功能惡化, 嚴(yán)重影響預(yù)后, 增加死亡率。因而, 從2011年COPD診斷治療預(yù)防全球策略 (global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease , GOLD)開始將急性加重風(fēng)險(xiǎn)納入對(duì)COPD病情的綜合評(píng)估中來。因此, 及早發(fā)現(xiàn)、干預(yù)及預(yù)防AECOPD發(fā)生對(duì)臨床具有重要意義。
大多數(shù)AECOPD的誘發(fā)因素為感染性因素, 包括細(xì)菌、病毒感染等, 炎癥反應(yīng)對(duì)AECOPD的發(fā)生、發(fā)展起到關(guān)鍵作用。通過對(duì)COPD患者炎癥狀態(tài)的評(píng)估可以預(yù)防AECOPD發(fā)生、評(píng)估患者預(yù)后。因此與炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)的血清標(biāo)志物如CRP、PCT、IL-6等被應(yīng)用于AECOPD患者臨床病情評(píng)估中。但這些指標(biāo)均存在一定的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn), 如CRP受較多其他因素影響, PCT敏感度較高但不能預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)后, IL-6等炎性介質(zhì)的監(jiān)測(cè)較復(fù)雜、費(fèi)用高等, 如何尋找客觀、簡便的方法早期診斷、及時(shí)評(píng)估AECOPD病情嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后成為目前研究的
方向。
近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)NLR、PLR做為新的炎癥診斷標(biāo)志物在各種應(yīng)激刺激下的炎癥性疾病(如腫瘤、肺炎、急性肺栓塞等)中起到重要的作用[8-10]。研究表明NLR、PLR與多種肺部疾病如肺結(jié)核、COPD等有關(guān)。Karadeniz等[11]發(fā)現(xiàn)COPD患者PLR水平高于健康對(duì)照組, AECOPD患者PLR水平明顯高于穩(wěn)定期。Furutate等[12]發(fā)現(xiàn)AECOPD患者NLR水平高于穩(wěn)定期, 并且NLR水平與肺氣腫程度、mMRC評(píng)分呈正相關(guān), 與6 min步行距離呈負(fù)相關(guān), 因此認(rèn)為NLR與COPD嚴(yán)重程度及急性發(fā)作有關(guān)。與之前學(xué)者研究結(jié)果相同, 本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著AECOPD病情的加重, NLR、PLR逐漸增高。本研究根據(jù)ROC曲線分析, NLR的ROC曲線下面積為0.87, 敏感度為88%, 特異度為86%。PLR的ROC曲線下面積為0.74, 敏感度為82%, 特異度為80%。分析顯示, NLR、PLR在判斷AECOPD方面有著良好的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值, 同時(shí)具有較好的敏感度和特異度, 表明NLR、PLR在預(yù)測(cè)AECOPD及評(píng)估嚴(yán)重程度方面具有一定的臨床意義。
臨床上評(píng)估COPD患者病情的指標(biāo)有很多, 但因COPD作為一種全身性疾病, 許多指標(biāo)無法全面系統(tǒng)的反映COPD病情。2004年由Celli等[13]提出BODE指數(shù), 從臨床癥狀、運(yùn)動(dòng)能力、肺功能和營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)等多方面, 全面評(píng)估COPD患者病情, 系統(tǒng)反映COPD患者的呼吸功能和全身效應(yīng), 受到廣泛認(rèn)同。本研究采用相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn), NLR、PLR與BODE指數(shù)均存在顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系, 說明NLR、PLR在COPD疾病病情評(píng)估方面具有重要臨床意義, 聯(lián)合檢測(cè)可以提高可靠性和敏感度。
綜上所述, 臨床工作中, 在BODE系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上加入PLR、NLR等生物標(biāo)志物, 進(jìn)行多因素綜合評(píng)定, 可為臨床診治提供方便快捷的評(píng)估方法, 降低不良預(yù)后風(fēng)險(xiǎn), 改善疾病預(yù)后。然而, 由于本研究受到各種客觀因素等的影響, 對(duì)于NLR和PLR在AECOPD和SCOPD患者疾病過程中的病理生理機(jī)制還需進(jìn)一步的研究。
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[收稿日期:2019-07-02]