新疆翠雀花屬二新種

王文采 楊宗宗

（中國(guó)科學(xué)院植物研究所系統(tǒng)與進(jìn)化植物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京100093）

腺梗翠雀花 圖1

Delphinium adenopodum W.T.Wang & Z.Z.Yang，sp.nov.Fig.1.

（Sect. Elatopsis Huth subsect. Metaconitoides W.T.Wang）

Ob inflorescentias corymbosas，calcar sepalinum sepalis brevius，petala et staminodia omnia nigra species nova haec est affinis D. yechengensi C.Y.Yang & B. Wang，a quo plantis humilioribus 9-18 cm altis，foliis minoribus，eorum laminis usque ad 4 cm latis，calcari sepalino breviore 9-11 mm longo，gynoecio ex carpellis quatuor constante differt. In D.yechengensi，plantae 45-50 cm altae，calcar sepalinum 11-14 mm longum，et gynoecium ex carpellis quinque constans est.

Perennial herbs 9-15 cm tall. Rhizomes ca. 7 cm long，at apex ca. 8 mm in diam. Stems paberulous，2-3-branched or simple，2-4-leaved. Basal leaves ca. 3，long petiolate；blades subcoriaceous，reniform，1.5-2.8 cm×2.8-4.0 cm，at base cordate，3-parted，central lobe cuneate-obovate or rhombicobovate，on apex or above incised-dentate，lateral lobes larger，obliquely flabellate，unequally 2-lobulate to 2-cleft，on apex incised-dentate；surfaces adaxially and abaxially covered with very short appressed hairs 0.1-0.5 mm long，sometimes mixed with sparse short glandular hairs；petioles 4-8 cm long，sparsely puberulous. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones，but upper ones smaller. Corymbs terminal and axillary，2-4-flowered；basal bract similar to cauline leaves but small，or undivided，with narrowly elliptic blade，and upper bracts sessile，narrowspatulate or linear，1-2 cm long，glabrous；pedicels 1.0-6.5 cm long，densely white-pubescent and yellow-glandular-pubescent，above 2-bracteolate；bracteoles linear，4-12 mm×1-1.2 mm，glabrous. Flower：Sepals blue-purple，purple or purplish，on both sides with sparse hairs and on out side also mixed with a few glandular hairs；upper sepal broadly ovate，16-22 mm×17-20 mm，spur narrow-conical，9-11 mm long，at base 6.5-7.0 mm in diam.；lateral sepals orbicular-ovate，18×11-18 mm；and lower sepals broadly obovate，12-20 mm×15-16 mm. Petals 2，black，apex 2-lobulate and pilose. Staminodes 2，black；limbs suboblong or narrow-ovate，ca. 8 mm×3 mm，2-lobed，adaxially below the middle densely yellowish-barbate；claws ca. 7 mm long，abaxially obove puberulous. Stamens ca. 35；filaments ca. 8 mm long，1-blue-nerved，above narrow-linear，below linear-lanceolate，glabrous or above the middle on each side with 1 or 2 hairs；anthers oblong，1.0 mm×0.6 mm，glabrous. Carpels 4；ovaries green，linear，4.0-4.6×0.8 mm，densely pubescent；styles whitish，0.7-1.0 mm long，glabrous.

圖1 腺梗翠雀花1. 植株全形；2. 退化雄蕊；3. 雄蕊；4. 雌蕊群Fig.1 Delphinium adenopodum1.Habit；2.Staminode；3.Stamen；4.Gynoecium（from holotype）

圖2 鞏留翠雀花1. 植株全形；2. 小苞片；3. 退化雄蕊；4. 雄蕊；5. 雌蕊群Fig.2 Delphinium gongliuense1.Habit；2.Bracteole；3.Staminode；4.Stamen；5.Gynoecium（from holotype）

新疆（Xinjiang）：塔什庫(kù)爾干縣（Tashikurgan Xian），alt.4 400 m，多石礫草坡，花紫色，花梗被白色柔毛和黃色腺毛（on rocky grassy slope，fls. purple，pedicels covered with white hairs and yellow glandular hairs），2019-08-03，楊宗宗（Z.Z.Yang）7659（holotype，PE）；同地，同一日（same locality and on same day），alt. 4 430 m，多石礫草坡，花藍(lán)紫色（on rocky grassy slope，fls. blue-purple），楊宗宗7661（PE）；同地，同一日，alt.4 560 m，石礫山坡，花粉紫色（on rocky slope，fls.pink-purplish），楊宗宗7238（PE，條形碼號(hào)：02331415）。

本種的花序傘房狀，萼距比萼片短，花瓣和退化雄蕊均呈黑色，因此與也具上述特征的葉城翠雀花（Delphinium yechengense C.Y.Yang&B.Wang）在親緣關(guān)系上相近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的植株均較低，高9～15 cm，萼距較短，長(zhǎng)9～11 mm，雌蕊群由4 枚心皮構(gòu)成。在葉城翠雀花，植株高45～50 cm，萼距長(zhǎng)11～14 mm，雌蕊群由5 枚心皮構(gòu)成［1，3］。

鞏留翠雀花 圖2

Delphinium gongliuense W.T.Wang & Z.Z.Yang，sp.nov.Fig.2.

（Sect.Elatopsis Huth subsect.Elata W.T.Wang）

Ob folia 3-partita，sepalum superum calcari leviter longius，staminodia nigra，carpella 3 species nova haec est affinis D.actoensi W.T.Wang，a quo foliorum laminis utrinque hirtellis，racemis compositis，bracteolis linearibus 8.0-9.5 mm longis apice longe apiculatis recedit.In D.actoensi，foliorum laminae supra glabrae，racemi simplices，et bracteolae subulatae，4 mm longae，enerves，apice haud apiculatae sunt.

Perennial herbs 43-53 cm tall. Stems simple，with petioles spreading-hirtellous，4-5-leaved. Basal leaf 1，long petiolate；blades papery，petagonal，ca.7.0 cm×10.5 cm，at base shallowly cordate，3-parted slightly exceeding the middle of blade，on both surfaces appressed-hirtellous，central primary lobe trapezoidal-rhombic，ca. 3.5 cm broad，3-lobed，with secondary lobes 3-lobulate or 2-denticulate，lateral primary lobes larger，obliquely flabellate，unequally 2-lobed，upper secondary lobes 3-lobulate and lower secondary lobes 2-lobulate；petioles ca.25 cm long. Cauline leaves similar to basal one，but smaller，and upper ones shortly petiolate. Compound raceme terminal，ca. 9 cm long，terminal raceme 5-7 cm long，densely 14-flowered，lateral racemes 2-3，3-5 cm long，densely 4-6-flowered；lower bracts similar to upper cauline leaves，but smaller；rachis spreading-hirtelous； pedicels 0.6-1.6 cm long，densely spreading-hirtellous，near apex 2-bracteolate；bracteoles linear，8.0-9.5 mm×1.0-1.6 mm，hirtellous，at apex long apiculate. Flower：Sepals blue-pruple，abaxially appressed-hirtellous，adaxially with a few hairs；upper sepal ovate，14-16 mm×7 mm；lateral sepals obliquely broad-obovate，ca. 14 mm×9 mm；lower sepals obliquely broad-oblanceolate，ca. 17 mm×7 mm. Petals 2，black，glabrous.Staminodes 2，black；limbs trapezoidal，6.0-6.5 mm×2.0-3.5 mm，2-lobed，on margin above long ciliate，below lobes densely white-barbate；claws 6 mm long，at base minutely 1-appendiculate.Stamens ca.20，glabrous；filaments 5-6 mm long，below lanceolate-linear，1-nerved，above filiform；anthers darkblue，oblong，1 mm×0.35-0.50 mm. Carpels 3；ovaries oblong，3.0 mm×1.2 mm，puberulous；styles 1.6 mm long，glabrous.

新疆（Xinjiang）：鞏留縣，恰西（Gongliu Xian，Qiaxi），alt.2 680 m，山坡草地，花藍(lán)紫色（in grassy place on slope，fls.blue-purple），2.18-07-28，楊宗宗（Z. Z. Yang） 0817（holotype，PE，條 形 碼 號(hào)：02331415；isoteype，PE.）。

本種的葉3 深裂，上萼片比距稍長(zhǎng)，退化雄蕊黑色，心皮3，因此與也具上述特征的阿克陶翠雀花（D.actoense W.T.Wang）在親緣關(guān)系上相近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉片兩面均被微硬毛，花序?yàn)閺?fù)總狀花序，小苞片條形，長(zhǎng)8.0～9.5 mm，頂端有長(zhǎng)尖頭。在阿克陶翠雀花，葉片上面無(wú)毛，花序?yàn)楹?jiǎn)單總狀花序，小苞片鉆形，長(zhǎng)4 mm，無(wú)尖頭［2］。

致謝深切感謝孫英寶先生為本文繪圖和打印稿件。