盛杰 朱洋 地里下提·阿不力孜 唐偉 古甫丁 宋興華
摘要:目的? 探討超聲、CT引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮穿刺微創(chuàng)技術(shù)聯(lián)合Xpert MTB/RIF技術(shù)早期診斷脊柱結(jié)核的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。方法? 選取2018年1月~2019年12月在新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)胸科醫(yī)院骨科接受超聲、CT引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮穿刺的疑似脊柱結(jié)核患者67例,穿刺獲取的病灶標(biāo)本同時(shí)采用Xpert MTB/RIF、BACTEC MGIT 960和抗酸染色技術(shù)進(jìn)行結(jié)果對(duì)比。以臨床綜合診斷為參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn),評(píng)價(jià)Xpert MTB/RIF技術(shù)對(duì)脊柱結(jié)核的診斷效能。結(jié)果? 以臨床綜合診斷為參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn),67例疑似患者中確診為脊柱結(jié)核患者43例,非脊柱結(jié)核24例。三種檢測(cè)方法報(bào)告時(shí)間比較:抗酸染色為(3.67±1.72)h,Xpert技術(shù)為(1.00±0.40)d,BACTEC MGIT 960法結(jié)核菌培養(yǎng)為(10.40±2.90)d??顾崛旧⒔Y(jié)核菌培養(yǎng)及Xpert技術(shù)診斷脊柱結(jié)核的敏感度和特異度分別為34.88%和100.00%,48.84%和95.83%,81.40%和95.83%;一致性分析顯示:Xpert技術(shù)一致性較好(Kappa=0.73),抗酸染色(Kappa=0.28)和結(jié)核菌培養(yǎng)(Kappa=0.37)一致性一般。三種檢測(cè)方法對(duì)脊柱結(jié)核的診斷價(jià)值為Xpert技術(shù)(AUC值=0.89)>結(jié)核菌培養(yǎng)(AUC值=0.72)>抗酸染色(AUC值=0.67)。結(jié)論? 經(jīng)超聲、CT引導(dǎo)下的經(jīng)皮穿刺術(shù)具有早期、微創(chuàng)、安全的優(yōu)勢(shì),聯(lián)合Xpert技術(shù)對(duì)脊柱結(jié)核的早期準(zhǔn)確診斷具有較高的價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞:脊柱結(jié)核;穿刺術(shù);核酸擴(kuò)增技術(shù);超聲;結(jié)核菌培養(yǎng);抗酸染色
中圖分類號(hào):R529.2? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.08.021
文章編號(hào):1006-1959(2020)08-0064-03
Abstract:Objective? To explore the clinical application value of ultrasound and CT guided percutaneous puncture minimally invasive technique combined with Xpert MTB/RIF technique for early diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis.Methods? 67 patients with suspected spinal tuberculosis underwent ultrasound and CT guided percutaneous puncture in the Department of Orthopedics, Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2018 to December 2019,the specimens obtained by puncture were compared with Xpert MTB/RIF, BACTEC MGIT 960 and acid-fast staining technique. Using the comprehensive clinical diagnosis as the reference standard, the diagnostic efficacy of Xpert MTB/RIF technology for spinal tuberculosis was evaluated.Results? Taking the comprehensive clinical diagnosis as the reference standard, of the 67 suspected patients, 43 were diagnosed with spinal tuberculosis and 24 were non-spine tuberculosis. Comparison of the reporting time of the three detection methods: acid-fast staining is (3.67±1.72) h, Xpert technique is (1.00±0.40) d, BACTEC MGIT 960 method tuberculosis culture is (10.40±2.90) d The sensitivity and specificity of acid-fast staining, tuberculosis culture and Xpert technology for the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis were 34.88% and 100.00%, 48.84% and 95.83%, 81.40% and 95.83%, respectively.Consistency analysis showed that Xpert technology had good consistency(Kappa=0.73),acid-fast staining(Kappa=0.28) and tuberculosis culture (Kappa=0.37) were generally consistent. The diagnostic value of the three detection methods for spinal tuberculosis is Xpert technique(AUC value=0.89)> tuberculosis culture (AUC value=0.72)> acid-fast staining (AUC value=0.67).Conclusion? Ultrasound and CT-guided percutaneous puncture has the advantages of early, minimally invasive and safe. Combined with Xpert technology, it has high value for the early and accurate diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis.
3討論
脊柱結(jié)核在發(fā)病早期往往沒有特異的臨床表現(xiàn),與布氏桿菌性脊柱炎、化膿性脊柱炎、脊柱腫瘤等疾病鑒別診斷較為困難,利用實(shí)驗(yàn)室血清學(xué)檢測(cè)、影像學(xué)檢查等技術(shù)均難以實(shí)現(xiàn)早期確診,需經(jīng)開放性手術(shù)獲取病灶標(biāo)本行病理或細(xì)菌學(xué)檢測(cè)方可診斷[3]。然而開放手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷大,體弱、低齡及老年患者因不能耐受手術(shù)無法獲取病灶標(biāo)本,導(dǎo)致難以制定科學(xué)、合理的治療方案而影響預(yù)后。此外,部分手術(shù)患者因術(shù)前無法準(zhǔn)確判斷病情使得用藥不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致手術(shù)失敗、疾病遷延不愈,最終遭受巨大的身體和精神創(chuàng)傷。近年來,在超聲、CT引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮穿刺作為脊柱微創(chuàng)外科一項(xiàng)成熟的技術(shù),因其安全、微創(chuàng)等優(yōu)勢(shì)逐漸被臨床廣泛使用[4]。本研究67例不能明確診斷脊柱病變的患者均通過超聲、CT引導(dǎo)下行經(jīng)皮穿刺成功獲取病灶處的膿液或軟組織、死骨等標(biāo)本,患者年齡最高達(dá)83歲,有效解決因無法耐受手術(shù)獲取標(biāo)本而無法明確診斷的問題。
脊柱結(jié)核患者因抗結(jié)核藥物治療導(dǎo)致病灶含菌量少,加之菌量分布不均勻、培養(yǎng)過程易污染,培養(yǎng)周期長(zhǎng)等使得單純的傳統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室診斷方法檢測(cè)效能低,延誤診治。本研究結(jié)果顯示,抗酸染色及結(jié)核菌培養(yǎng)診斷脊柱結(jié)核的敏感的僅為34.88%和48.84%,且與臨床綜合診斷的一致性均不理想。
Xpert技術(shù)是一種基于實(shí)時(shí)聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(real-time PCR)的技術(shù),集樣品處理、核酸擴(kuò)增、目標(biāo)序列實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)整合于一體的自動(dòng)化、全封閉半巢式熒光PCR檢測(cè)系統(tǒng),以結(jié)核分枝桿菌的利福平耐藥基因rpoB為靶基因,僅需2 h即可獲得結(jié)核分枝桿菌及利福平耐藥的檢測(cè)結(jié)果,較傳統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室技術(shù),具有早期、快速診斷、有效避免交叉污染、受抗結(jié)核藥物的影響小的優(yōu)勢(shì)[5]。本研究顯示,Xpert技術(shù)的敏感度和特異度分別為81.40%和95.83%,與近三年國(guó)內(nèi)外Xpert技術(shù)對(duì)骨關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)核或脊柱結(jié)核診斷的研究結(jié)果基本一致[6-8]。本研究還顯示,Xpert技術(shù)與臨床綜合診斷結(jié)果一致性良好,相較于傳統(tǒng)的抗酸染色及結(jié)核菌培養(yǎng)技術(shù),對(duì)脊柱結(jié)核的診斷價(jià)值較高,且有效縮短了檢測(cè)時(shí)間,有助于脊柱結(jié)核的早期診斷。此外,Xpert技術(shù)在檢測(cè)結(jié)核分枝桿菌的同時(shí)還可有效的檢測(cè)結(jié)核分枝桿菌對(duì)利福平的耐藥性,能夠及時(shí)指導(dǎo)臨床抗結(jié)核藥物治療的方案制定、提高療效、縮短療程。
綜上所述,通過超聲、CT引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)皮穿刺早期獲取病灶標(biāo)本,進(jìn)一步行Xpert檢測(cè),實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)脊柱結(jié)核的診斷微創(chuàng)化、分子化、精準(zhǔn)化,使脊柱結(jié)核及其利福平耐藥性能夠早期、明確診斷,進(jìn)一步指導(dǎo)臨床合理的制定抗結(jié)核治療方案,有利于脊柱結(jié)核患者預(yù)后,具有較好的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
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收稿日期:2020-03-16;修回日期:2020-03-27
編輯/成森