陳敏 蔡文智 譚靜 盧文珊
[摘要] 目的 探析綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)在老年股骨頸骨折人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果。方法 方便選取2016年7月—2018年5月在該院接受治療的52例老年股骨頸骨折患者為研究對(duì)象,所有患者均接受人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)治療。采用數(shù)字隨機(jī)表法進(jìn)行分組,每組26例,對(duì)照組和觀察組分別實(shí)施常規(guī)護(hù)理、綜合護(hù)理干預(yù),比較兩組的治療優(yōu)良率、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況及患者滿意度。結(jié)果 觀察組的康復(fù)優(yōu)良率高于對(duì)照組(96.15% vs 84.62%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.983,P=0.046),并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組(3.85% vs 23.08%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.127,P=0.042);通過比較兩組的術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間,發(fā)現(xiàn)觀察組的優(yōu)勢(shì)更為顯著,下床時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間較短;經(jīng)比較兩組患者的護(hù)理滿意度,對(duì)照組的滿意度顯著低于觀察組(84.62% vs 96.15%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.983,P=0.046)。結(jié)論 通過對(duì)行人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)的老年股骨頸骨折患者進(jìn)行綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)可輔助提高治療效果,對(duì)患者的術(shù)后恢復(fù)有利,且并發(fā)癥少、患者滿意度高,預(yù)后佳,值得推廣和應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 綜合護(hù)理干預(yù);老年股骨頸骨折;人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù);護(hù)理效果
[中圖分類號(hào)] R5 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2020)10(a)-0125-03
Application of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention in Artificial Hip Replacement for Elderly Femoral Neck Fractures
CHEN Min1, CAI Wen-zhi2, TAN Jing1, LU Wen-shan1
1.Fuyong People's Hospital, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518101 China; 2.Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000 China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention in artificial hip replacement for elderly femoral neck fractures. Methods 52 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures who were treated in the hospital from July 2016 to May 2018 were convenient selected as the main subjects. All patients received artificial hip replacement. The patients were grouped by number random table method, 26 cases in each group, the control group and the observation group were treated with conventional nursing and comprehensive nursing intervention respectively, and the excellent and good rate of treatment, complication rate, postoperative recovery and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The recovery rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (96.15% vs 84.62%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=3.983, P=0.046), and the incidence of complications was lower than that of the control group (3.85% vs 23.08%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.127, P=0.042); By comparing the postoperative time of getting out of bed and the length of stay in the two groups, it was found that the observation group had more significant advantages, with shorter time to get out of bed and shorter hospital stay; after comparing the nursing satisfaction of the two groups of patients, the control groups satisfaction was significantly lower than that of the observation group (84.62% vs 96.15%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=3.983, P=0.046). Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention for elderly femoral neck fractures undergoing artificial hip replacement can assist in improving the treatment effect, which is beneficial to the patient's postoperative recovery, with fewer complications, high patient satisfaction, and good prognosis. It is worthy of promotion and application.
[Key words] Comprehensive nursing intervention; Elderly femoral neck fracture; Artificial hip replacement; Nursing effect
老年股骨頸骨折是臨床上發(fā)病率較高的骨折類型,且近年來股骨頸骨折的發(fā)生率呈現(xiàn)出遞增的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),這對(duì)廣大老年人的身心健康均造成了負(fù)面影響?,F(xiàn)階段臨床上,人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)是治療老年股骨頸骨折的主要方法,總體治療效果顯著。但該手術(shù)的創(chuàng)傷性較大,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥多,不利于患者的術(shù)后康復(fù),并且老年人的機(jī)體抵抗力弱,身體和心理均有較大負(fù)擔(dān),故需要給予患者更加全面、系統(tǒng)、綜合性的護(hù)理干預(yù)[1-4]。該研究建立在以往報(bào)道和研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,以2016年7月—2018年5月在該院接受人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)治療的52例老年股骨頸骨折患者為研究對(duì)象,旨在評(píng)估綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)的應(yīng)用效果和優(yōu)勢(shì),現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 ?資料與方法
1.1 ?一般資料
該次研究對(duì)象為方便選取該院接受治療的52例老年股骨頸骨折患者,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5-7]:①均診斷為股骨頸骨折,且均行人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)治療;②患者年齡在60歲以上;③患者意識(shí)清晰,依從性良好;④患者自愿參與;⑤該院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)通過研究。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8-9]:①合并嚴(yán)重肝腎功能障礙;②凝血功能障礙者;③意識(shí)障礙者。
將該研究納入的52例患者進(jìn)行分組,分組采用數(shù)字隨機(jī)表法,各26例。對(duì)照組中:男性16例,女10例;年齡60~78歲,平均(69.26±2.13)歲。觀察組中:男15例,女11例;年齡61~79歲,平均(69.74±2.25)歲。兩組性別及年齡資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 ?方法
對(duì)照組:密切監(jiān)測(cè)患者圍術(shù)期的各項(xiàng)生命體征指標(biāo)變化情況,向患者和家屬闡述圍術(shù)期的注意事項(xiàng),并對(duì)其進(jìn)行必要的健康宣教、飲食干預(yù),指導(dǎo)其如何配合醫(yī)生完成手術(shù)和后續(xù)治療。
觀察組:①術(shù)前護(hù)理:由護(hù)理人員向患者講解人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)治療的重要性和必要性,并向其講解手術(shù)過程、術(shù)中配合要點(diǎn)及注意事項(xiàng),向其介紹手術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)的專業(yè)性,消除患者的顧慮,增強(qiáng)其接受治療的信心。同時(shí),要耐心地回答患者和家屬提出的問題,讓患者術(shù)前做好充分的心理準(zhǔn)備,不要過度擔(dān)憂手術(shù),保持情緒穩(wěn)定。②術(shù)后護(hù)理:密切監(jiān)測(cè)患者的生命體征指標(biāo),在患者術(shù)側(cè)肢體的膝關(guān)節(jié)下放置軟墊,以防止患肢過度彎曲或伸直。術(shù)后,給予鎮(zhèn)痛泵止痛,若患者仍感受到明顯的疼痛感,則在醫(yī)囑下增加止痛藥物,但止痛過程中需要對(duì)患者的癥狀反應(yīng)和生命體征變化進(jìn)行密切監(jiān)測(cè)。此外,還要積極預(yù)防并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,若發(fā)現(xiàn)患者出現(xiàn)了感染、深靜脈血栓、壓瘡等并發(fā)癥,要積極處理,同時(shí)對(duì)患者進(jìn)行心理干預(yù)。根據(jù)患者術(shù)后的康復(fù)情況,對(duì)其進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)行為指導(dǎo),康復(fù)訓(xùn)練要遵循循序漸進(jìn)的原則,由專業(yè)護(hù)士全程跟蹤指導(dǎo)。
1.3 ?觀察指標(biāo)
①判定治療優(yōu)良率的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下:優(yōu):肢體功能恢復(fù)正常,無關(guān)節(jié)畸形,且患者無疼痛感,關(guān)節(jié)可正?;顒?dòng)。良:肢體功能有所恢復(fù),伴有輕微疼痛感,關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)部分受限,關(guān)節(jié)無明顯畸形。差:肢體功能未恢復(fù),關(guān)節(jié)畸形,伴有明顯疼痛感,關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)受限[10-11]。
②對(duì)兩組的術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間及住院時(shí)間進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。
③對(duì)兩組的感染、壓瘡、深靜脈血栓等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率進(jìn)行計(jì)算和比較。
④運(yùn)用調(diào)查問卷的形式評(píng)估兩組的患者滿意度,問卷中共包括6個(gè)條目12個(gè)問題,每個(gè)問題的評(píng)價(jià)均分為1分(非常滿意)、2分(基本滿意)、3分(不滿意),計(jì)算比較兩組的滿意度。
1.4 ?統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
使用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件分析數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較用 t 檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用[n(%)]表示,組間比較用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 ?結(jié)果
2.1 ?康復(fù)效果
觀察組的康復(fù)效果優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,治療優(yōu)良率更高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 ?術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)和住院時(shí)間
對(duì)照組患者的術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間長于觀察組,且住院時(shí)間較觀察組長,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 ?術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率
相比于觀察組,對(duì)照組患者術(shù)后發(fā)生感染、壓瘡以及深靜脈血栓等相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率相對(duì)較高,組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 ?護(hù)理工作的滿意度
經(jīng)比較兩組患者的護(hù)理滿意度,對(duì)照組中:非常滿意度13例,基本滿意9例,不滿意4例,患者的護(hù)理滿意度為84.62%。觀察組中:非常滿意度15例,基本滿意10例,不滿意1例,患者的護(hù)理滿意度為96.15%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.983, P<0.05)。
3 ?討論
人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)是治療老年股骨頸骨折的首選方案,但患者的年齡大,身體素質(zhì)差,加上手術(shù)的創(chuàng)傷性,往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致患者術(shù)后身體功能恢復(fù)差,預(yù)后不佳,加重患者的身體負(fù)擔(dān)和家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)[12-13]。綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)是一種圍術(shù)期的護(hù)理方法,針對(duì)患者術(shù)前和術(shù)后的不同心理、生理特點(diǎn)制定相應(yīng)的護(hù)理方法,避免了傳統(tǒng)護(hù)理的盲目性,可提高治療效果、改善預(yù)后[14]。
該次研究比較了常規(guī)護(hù)理與綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)兩種模式在老年股骨頸骨折人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果,經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)更為突出,主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾方面:①采用綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)可輔助提高手術(shù)的治療效果,治療優(yōu)良率可達(dá)到96.15%;②患者術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間更短,患者術(shù)后的平均下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間為(2.56±0.28)d,平均住院時(shí)間為(13.26±1.52)d;③患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率更低,僅有1例患者發(fā)生感染,并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為3.85%;④患者對(duì)護(hù)理工作的滿意度更高,可達(dá)到96.15%,上述結(jié)果均充分體現(xiàn)了綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,既能提高治療效果,又有利于患者術(shù)后身體的康復(fù)。并且,該結(jié)果與潘海燕報(bào)道中的結(jié)果存在一致性,潘海燕[15]報(bào)道中,實(shí)施綜合護(hù)理的患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為7.14%,這也說明該次研究結(jié)果具有可信性和科學(xué)性。
綜上所述,行人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)的老年股骨頸骨折術(shù)接受綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)能夠輔助提高治療總有效率,更有利于患者術(shù)后身體的恢復(fù),可減少并發(fā)癥,預(yù)后佳。
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(收稿日期:2020-07-07)