• 
    

    
    

      99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看

      ?

      杜仲葉提取物對斷奶仔豬機體健康影響的研究進展綜述

      2021-09-12 00:59趙廣偉馮廣鵬李婉濤張景鋒
      福建農(nóng)業(yè)科技 2021年6期
      關(guān)鍵詞:生產(chǎn)性能

      趙廣偉 馮廣鵬 李婉濤 張景鋒

      摘 要:杜仲葉提取物作為中草藥飼料添加劑可以調(diào)節(jié)動物的營養(yǎng)代謝、免疫反應和腸道健康,顯示出作為膳食抗生素替代品的良好潛力。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),飼糧中添加杜仲葉提取物能促進動物生長、增強免疫力、防治疾病。主要綜述了近年來杜仲葉提取物促進斷奶仔豬生長和提高動物免疫功能的作用及其作用機制的研究進展,特別是對畜禽健康的營養(yǎng)調(diào)控策略進行了前景展望,以期為杜仲葉提取物在動物營養(yǎng)研究及科學應用上提供理論參考。

      關(guān)鍵詞:杜仲葉提取物;斷奶仔豬;生產(chǎn)性能;免疫反應

      中圖分類號:S 828.5 ? 文獻標志碼:A ? 文章編號:0253-2301(2021)06-0058-06

      DOI: 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.06.010

      Abstract: The extract of Eucommia folium, as a feed additive of Chinese herbal medicine, could regulate the nutrition metabolism, immune response and intestinal health of animals, showing a good potential as a substitute for dietary antibiotics. The research showed that the dietary added with the extract of Eucommia folium could promote the growth of animals, enhance the immunity, and prevent and cure the diseases. In this paper, the effects of the extract of Eucommia folium on the growth and immune function of weaned piglets and its mechanism were reviewed, especially the nutritional regulation strategies for the health of livestock and poultry were prospected, so as to provide theoretical references for the animal nutrition research and the scientific application of the extract of Eucommia folium.

      Key words: Extract of Eucommia folium; Weaned piglets; Production performance; Immune response; Intestinal health

      斷奶被認為是集中飼養(yǎng)的豬的應激期[1],豬在應激期間會降低對營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的消化吸收,引起氧化應激,導致斷奶前后出現(xiàn)生長遲緩和腹瀉,進而對牲畜生產(chǎn)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟損失[2]。杜仲葉(Eucomia Ulmoides,EL)作為傳統(tǒng)中草藥杜仲的副產(chǎn)物,在我國相當普遍[3]。杜仲葉提取物含有豐富的生物活性化合物(如黃酮類化合物、綠原酸、桃葉珊瑚素、京尼平苷酸等),具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒和保肝功能[4]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),飼糧中添加杜仲葉提取物可以提高斷奶仔豬的生長性能[5]、抗氧化能力及消化吸收能力[6]。本文就杜仲葉提取物在仔豬營養(yǎng)功能、腸道功能和免疫功能的機制進行綜述,以期為杜仲葉提取物在豬生產(chǎn)上的進一步應用提供參考。

      1 杜仲葉提取物的主要功能介紹

      1.1 杜仲葉提取物的成分及代謝

      京尼平苷酸和綠原酸(Chlorogenic acid,CGA)是杜仲葉中重要的活性成分,前者可促進膠原合成[7],提高角質(zhì)層的轉(zhuǎn)化率[8],后者具有抗菌、消炎、致突變、抗氧化等生物活性[9]。綠原酸由反式肉桂酸和奎寧酸酯化而形成的酚類化合物,是一類酯的總稱,最常見的綠原酸是5咖啡??鼘幩幔?Ocaffeoylquinic acid,5CQA)[10]。CGA的結(jié)構(gòu)不穩(wěn)定,在碳1和碳3上有軸向羥基,在碳4和碳5上有平方羥基,其容易水解產(chǎn)生奎尼酸和各種肉桂酸,釋放的肉桂酸可以脫羧,降解成一系列簡單的酚類物質(zhì)并進一步轉(zhuǎn)化,從而進一步發(fā)揮作用[11]。

      1.2 杜仲葉提取物的吸收途徑及代謝產(chǎn)物

      前人研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),尿液中可以檢測出少量綠原酸[12-14]。Lafay等[15]在大鼠上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),部分綠原酸以咖啡酸的形式從腸道流出物中回收,說明在腸道黏膜中存在微量酯酶活性,同時在血漿和膽汁中均未檢出綠原酸,以上研究結(jié)果表明,綠原酸在小腸中被吸收和水解。同時在大鼠和人上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),咖啡酸及其O甲基化代謝物普遍參在于血液和尿液[16-18],結(jié)果表明,綠原酸可以在體內(nèi)水解。以上研究結(jié)果表明,綠原酸可能在腸道內(nèi)水解為具有生物活性的代謝產(chǎn)物,其經(jīng)消化道吸收后通過血液循環(huán)運送到全身各處,從而發(fā)揮相應的生理功能。

      2 杜仲葉提取物對仔豬生產(chǎn)性能的影響及可能作用機制

      2.1 杜仲葉提取物促進仔豬生長

      研究發(fā)現(xiàn),杜仲葉提取物提高了斷奶仔豬[19]、凡納濱對蝦(Litopenaeus vannamei)[20]、肉雞[21]、異育銀鯽(Carassius gibelio)[22]、三黃雞[23]的體重,增加仔豬[24]、肉兔[25]的采食量,以及羔羊[26]的飼料效率。同時,前人研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),飼糧中添加杜仲葉中提取物對羔羊的平均日增重、干物質(zhì)采食量和飼料效率均無顯著影響[26],這可能與杜仲葉提取物的添加量、動物種類不同有關(guān)。

      2.2 杜仲葉提取物促進仔豬生長的可能作用機制

      斷奶后,飼料組成和飼養(yǎng)條件的突然變化又會引起消化功能的急劇變化,從而導致腸道對營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的吸收不良[27-28]。動物對飼料中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的利用是體現(xiàn)飼料營養(yǎng)價值的一個重要指標。動物生長與消化功能密切相關(guān)。小腸消化酶(脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶)活性的提高有利于斷奶仔豬的生長[29]。Ding等[29]研究結(jié)果表明,飼糧中添加杜仲葉提取物提高斷奶仔豬十二指腸脂肪酶活性和空腸胰蛋白酶活性。腸道吸收能力也是體內(nèi)充分利用營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)[30]。堿性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,AKP)活性提高可以反映腸道上皮細胞的吸收能力增強[31]。石英等[22]研究結(jié)果表明,飼糧中補充杜仲葉提取物可以提高異育銀鯽血清中AKP的活性。同時,冷向軍等[32]研究結(jié)果表明,飼糧中補充杜仲葉提取物對草魚(Ctenopharyngodon idella)血清AKP的活性無顯著影響。以上研究結(jié)果表明,杜仲葉提取物可能通過增強仔豬腸道消化吸收能力促進仔豬生長,但是可能與動物的種類有關(guān)。

      腸道健康是保證動物健康生長的前提條件[33]。腸道黏膜的改變,如絨毛高度降低、隱窩深度增加、腸絨毛高度與隱窩深度之比(VH/CD)增加等,被認為是由入侵的病原體引起的組織損傷[34]。之前的研究結(jié)果表明,飼糧中添加杜仲葉提取物提高了斷奶仔豬十二指腸和空腸絨毛高度[29]。同時,Peng等[3]在斷奶仔豬上的研究結(jié)果表明,飼糧中補充杜仲葉提取物降低了隱窩深度,增加了絨毛高度與隱窩深度的比值。腸道健康與腸道抗氧化能力[35]、腸道結(jié)構(gòu)完整性[35]、腸炎抵抗能力[36]密切相關(guān)。血清中丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)水平的降低,過氧化氫酶(Catalase,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)水平的增加以及腸道緊密連接相關(guān)蛋白基因表達水平的增加可以反映動物腸道健康水平增加[37]。研究表明,飼糧中添加杜仲葉提取物可以降低仔豬血清和肝臟MDA水平[29]、增加凡納濱對蝦血清CAT、SOD和GSH-Px水平。Peng等[3]研究結(jié)果表明,飼糧中添加杜仲提取物可以增加仔豬空腸黏膜緊密連接相關(guān)蛋白claudin3的基因表達水平。以上研究結(jié)果表明,杜仲葉提取物可能通過提高仔豬消化吸收能力、改善腸道形態(tài)及降低腸道通透性維持腸道功能健康,進而促進仔豬的生長。

      揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(Volatile Fatty Acid,VFA)水平是可以反映腸道健康和微生物活性的指標[38]。Zhao等[39]研究結(jié)果表明,杜仲葉提取物可以提高SPF小鼠血清中揮發(fā)性脂肪酸乙酸和異丁酸的濃度。Freire等[40]研究表明,含有甜菜堿的飼糧飼喂仔豬時其盲腸中揮發(fā)性脂肪酸含量較高。同時,Che等[41]研究表明,飼糧中添加了黃芪莖葉纖維的仔豬具有較高的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸含量。腸道微生物通過與宿主的營養(yǎng)利用和腸道系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育相互作用,在宿主的營養(yǎng)和健康、采食量和效率以及增重方面發(fā)揮重要作用[42-44]。Peng等[3]研究結(jié)果表明,飼糧中添加杜仲葉提取物可以提高仔豬結(jié)腸微生物群落豐富度和多樣性,與呂武興等[23]在三黃雞上的研究結(jié)果一致。杜仲葉提取物可能通過增加腸道中揮發(fā)性脂肪酸的含量及腸道微生物多樣性來維持腸道健康。

      以上研究結(jié)果表明,杜仲葉提取物可能通過增強營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的消化吸收、維持腸道功能健康來促進動物生長。

      3 杜仲葉提取物對仔豬免疫功能的影響及可能作用機制

      3.1 杜仲葉提取物對仔豬免疫功能的影響

      病原菌入侵可以刺激機體激活免疫系統(tǒng)清除病原菌,若不能及時清除,則可能導致機體被病原菌感染而發(fā)病,嚴重時可能導致死亡。Chen等[45]研究結(jié)果表明,魚類的疾病抵抗能力與其攻毒后的存活率呈正相關(guān)。氣單胞菌引起魚類運動性氣單胞菌敗血癥,導致水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的高死亡率和嚴重的經(jīng)濟損失,嗜水氣單胞菌被認為是氣單胞菌感染的主要病原[46]。羅慶華[47]研究結(jié)果表明,飼糧中補充杜仲葉提取物可以降低嗜水氣單胞菌攻毒后鯉魚(Cyprinus carpio)的存活率。

      腸道中變形菌門的豐富度增加表明腸道菌群失調(diào)或者不平衡[48]。Peng等[3]研究結(jié)果表明,杜仲葉提取物可以提高斷奶仔豬結(jié)腸微生物群落豐富度,降低變形菌門的豐富度。斷奶仔豬腹瀉事件是由大腸菌群過剩引起的,控制其傳播是降低腹瀉發(fā)病率的有效手段[49]。在仔豬上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),飼糧中杜仲葉提取物的添加降低了腹瀉率[3],與Ding等[29]在斷奶仔豬上的研究結(jié)果一致。Baratta等

      [50]研究表明,中草藥添加劑具有很強的抗菌活性,可以抑制大腸桿菌的生長[51]。飼糧中添加一定量的中草藥黃芪莖葉纖維可以降低仔豬腹瀉發(fā)病率(P<0.05)[41],與Li等[49]研究結(jié)果相似。同時,Chen等[19]研究結(jié)果表明,飼糧中綠原酸的添加降低了仔豬腹瀉率。

      3.2 杜仲葉提取物對仔豬免疫功能影響的可能作用機制

      血清抗體水平可以反映體液免疫的水平[52]。王鑫等[53]研究結(jié)果表明,飼糧中補充杜仲葉提取物提高仔豬血清中IgA的含量,與李曉梅等[54]在仔豬上的研究結(jié)果一致。Tan等[55]研究表明,飼糧中加入黃芪多糖可以提高母豬初乳中IgM和IgG水平,與Kajimura等[56]在小鼠上的研究一致。豬瘟(Classical swine fever,CSF)是一種傳染性病毒疾病,可以造成嚴重的經(jīng)濟損失的疾病[57]。前人研究表明,母源性CSF抗體的存在可以保護仔豬免受這種疾病的侵害[58]。Tan等[55]研究表明,分娩前在飼糧中補充黃芪多糖可增加初乳中母源性抗CSF特異性抗體。黃芪多糖能增加抗體產(chǎn)生可能與其能激活B細胞和巨噬細胞有關(guān)[59-60]。淋巴細胞對刀豆蛋白(Con A)的增殖反應是反映T淋巴細胞功能和細胞免疫的重要標準。在小鼠上的研究表明,杜仲葉提取物可增強脾細胞對刀豆蛋白(Con)A的增殖反應和腹腔巨噬細胞吞噬功能[61]。同時,Yuan等[52]研究表明,飼糧中補充黃芪多糖可以改善斷奶仔豬淋巴細胞對Con A的增殖反應,與Kong等[62]在雞上的研究結(jié)果一致。

      細胞因子介導的炎癥反應是血腦屏障細胞免疫反應的重要組成部分[45]。腫瘤壞死因子(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF)α是重要的促炎細胞因子,參與宿主對細菌定殖或入侵的防御機制[63-64]。在大鼠中的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),下調(diào)促炎細胞因子可減弱炎癥反應[65]。Jiang等[35]研究結(jié)果表明,飼糧中補充杜仲葉提取物可以提高仔豬肝臟中TNFα的基因表達水平。

      以上研究結(jié)果表明,杜仲葉提取物可能通過提高動物的體液免疫和細胞免疫,減弱炎癥反應來增強仔豬的免疫功能,但還需要更加深入系統(tǒng)的研究。

      4 結(jié)論及展望

      綜上所述,杜仲葉提取物能夠通過提高營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的消化率、維持腸道功能健康及免疫功能進而促進仔豬的生長。杜仲葉提取物通過提高仔豬腸道脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶的活性,增加絨毛高度來促進仔豬對營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的消化吸收,通過提高腸道抗氧化能力、增強腸道緊密連接及增加腸道微生物的多樣性及揮發(fā)性脂肪酸的含量提高腸道功能,進而提高仔豬的生長性能;通過提高仔豬體液免疫、細胞免疫和減弱炎癥反應來提高仔豬的抗病力。

      近年來關(guān)于植物性提取物替代抗生素的研究逐漸成為動物營養(yǎng)學中的一大熱點。杜仲葉提取物中含有的多種活性成分使得其在畜牧業(yè)中的應用可能為改善畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)和控制疾病提供一個全新的途徑。然而,有關(guān)斷奶仔豬抗氧化能力、腸道功能和消化酶活性的影響的信息很少。本文綜述了杜仲葉提取物對仔豬生產(chǎn)性能、腸道形態(tài)、抗氧化活性、免疫相關(guān)蛋白和血液指標的影響,清晰闡明杜仲葉提取物對仔豬機體健康影響的機制,這可能為預防和治療疾病提供新思路,具有廣闊的應用前景。

      參考文獻:

      [1]ZHAO J, HARPER A F, ESTIENNE M J, et al.Growth performance and intestinal morphology responses in early weaned pigs to supplementation of antibiotic-free diets with an organic copper complex and spray-dried plasma protein in sanitary and nonsanitary environments[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2007, 85(5):1302-1310.

      [2]ZHU L H, ZHA0 K L, CHEN X L, et al.Impact of weaning and an antioxidant blend on intestinal barrier function and antioxidant status in pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2012, 90(8):2581-2589.

      [3]PENG M, WANG Z, PENG S, et al.Dietary supplementation with the extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves changed epithelial restitution and gut microbial community and composition of weanling piglets[J].PLoS One, 2019, 14(9):1-16.

      [4]SHI S, GUO K, TONG R, et al.Online extraction-HPLC-FRAP system for direct identification of antioxidants from solid Du-zhong brick tea[J].Food Chemistry, 2019, 288: 215-220.

      [5]李金寶, 曹愛智, 孫志亮, 等.杜仲葉提取物替代抗生素對斷奶仔豬生長性能的影響[J].廣東飼料, 2013, 22(4):28-29.

      [6]LIU H W, ZHAO J S, LI K, et al.Effects of chlorogenic acids-enriched extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves on growth performance, stress response, antioxidant status and meat quality of lambs subjected or not to transport stress[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2018, 238: 47-56.

      [7]LI Y, SATO T, METORI K, et al.The promoting effects of geniposidic acid and aucubin in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaves on collagen synthesis[J].Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 1998, 21(12):1306-1310.

      [8]LI Y, METORI K, KOIKE K, et al.Improvement in the turnover rate of the stratum corneum in false aged model rats by the administration of geniposidic acid in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf[J].Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1999, 22(6):582-585.

      [9]SASAKI Y, CHIBA A, MURAKAMI M, et al.Antimutagenicity of Tochu tea (an aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves): 2.Suppressing effect of Tochu tea on the urine mutagenicity after ingestion of raw fish and cooked beef[J].Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology, 1996, 371(3-4):203-214.

      [10]CLIFFORD M N.Chlorogenic acids and other cinnamates-nature, occurrence, dietary burden, absorption and metabolism[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2000, 80(7):1033-1043.

      [11]MENG S, CAO J, FENG Q, et al.Roles of chlorogenic Acid on regulating glucose and lipids metabolism: a review[J].Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 12:1-11.

      [12]CREMIN P, KASIM-KARAKAS S, WATERHOUSE A L.LC/ES-MS Detection of Hydroxycinnamates in Human Plasma and Urine[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001, 49: 1747-1750.

      [13]OLTHOF M R, HOLLMAN P C H, KATAN M B.Chlorogenic Acid and Caffeic Acid Are Absorbed in Humans[J].Journal of Nutrition, 2001, 131: 66-71.

      [14]DE MARIA C A B, MOREIRA R F A.Analytical methods for chlorogenic acid[J].Química Nova, 2004, 27(4):586-592.

      [15]LAFAY S, MORAND C, MANACH C, et al.Absorption and metabolism of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid in the small intestine of rats[J].British Journal of Nutrition, 2005, 96:39-46.

      [16]AZUMA K, IPPOUSHI K, NAKAYAMA M, et al.Absorption of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in rats after oral administration[J].Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 2000, 48(11):5496-5500.

      [17]RECHNER A R, PANNALA A S, RICE-EVANS C A.Caffeic acid derivatives in artichoke extract are metabolised to phenolic acids in vivo[J].Free Radical Research, 2001, 35(2):195-202.

      [18]NATELLA F, NARDINI M, GIANNETTI I, et al.Coffee drinking influences plasma antioxidant capacity in humans[J].Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 2002, 50(21):6211-6216.

      [19]CHEN J, LI Y, YU B, et al.Dietary chlorogenic acid improves growth performance of weaned pigs through maintaining antioxidant capacity and intestinal digestion and absorption function[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2018, 96(3):1108-1118.

      [20]WANG Y, LI Z, LI J, et al.Effects of dietary chlorogenic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under normal condition and combined stress of low-salinity and nitrite[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2015, 43(2):337-345.

      [21]陳玉敏, 黃濤, 宋小珍, 等.飼糧中添加杜仲葉提取物對愛拔益加肉雞生長性能及免疫功能的影響[J].動物營養(yǎng)學報, 2015, 27(7):2224-2230.

      [22]石英, 冷向軍, 李小勤, 等.杜仲葉提取物對異育銀鯽生長,血清非特異性免疫和肌肉品質(zhì)的影響[J].浙江大學學報(農(nóng)業(yè)與生命科學版), 2008, 34(2):200-200.

      [23]呂武興, 賀建華, 王建輝.杜仲提取物對三黃雞生產(chǎn)性能和腸道微生物的影響[J].動物營養(yǎng)學報, 2007, 19(1):61-65.

      [24]徐明濤, 楊維仁, 馮蕾, 等.杜仲葉提取物對三元雜交斷奶仔豬小腸內(nèi)ghrelin表達的影響[J].中國獸醫(yī)學報, 2018(10): 994-2000.

      [25]李燕舞, 姜八一, 劉建勝, 等.杜仲葉提取物對肉兔生長性能及血清生化、免疫與抗氧化指標的影響[J].動物營養(yǎng)學報, 2019, 31(2):341-347.

      [26]LIU H, LI K, ZHAO J, et al.Effects of polyphenolic extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf on growth performance, digestibility, rumen fermentation and antioxidant status of fattening lambs[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2018, 89(6):888-894.

      [27]TANG Z R, YIN Y L, NYACHOTI C M, et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of chitosan and galacto-mannan-oligosaccharide on serum parameters and the insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA expression in early-weaned piglets[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 2005, 28(4):430-441.

      [28]WU G Y.Intestinal Mucosal Amino Acid Catabolism[J].Journal of Nutrition, 1998, 128:1249-1252.

      [29]DING H, CAO A, LI H, et al.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal function in weaned piglets[J].Animal physiology and animal nutrition, 2020, 104(4):1169-1177.

      [30]WEN Z P, ZHOU X Q, FENG L, et al.Effect of dietary pantothenic acid supplement on growth, body composition and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition, 2009, 15(5): 470-476.

      [31]CUVIER-PERES A, KESTEMONT P.Development of some digestive enzymes in Eurasian perch larvae Perca fluviatilis[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2001, 24(4):279-285.

      [32]冷向軍, 孟曉林, 李家樂, 等.杜仲葉對草魚生長、血清非特異性免疫指標和肉質(zhì)影響的初步研究[J].水產(chǎn)學報, 2008, 32(3):434-440.

      [33]SUGIHARTO S.Role of nutraceuticals in gut health and growth performance of poultry[J].Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 15(2):99-111.

      [34]YONGQING H, YUMING G, YUPING Z, et al.Analysis of the causes of diarrhea in piglets after weaning[J].Journal of Feed Review, 2001, 1:36-37.

      [35]JIANG W D, ZHOU X Q, ZHANG L, et al.Vitamin A deficiency impairs intestinal physical barrier function of fish[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2019, 87:546-558.

      [36]ZHONG J R, FENG L, JIANG W D, et al.Phytic acid disrupted intestinal immune status and suppressed growth performance in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2019, 92:536-551.

      [37]FENG L, XIAO W W, LIU Y, et al.Methionine hydroxy analogue prevents oxidative damage and improves antioxidant status of intestine and hepatopancreas for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition, 2011, 17(6):595-604.

      [38]BINDELLE J, BULDGEN A, DELACOLLETTE M, et al.Influence of source and concentrations of dietary fiber on in vivo nitrogen excretion pathways in pigs as reflected by in vitro fermentation and nitrogen incorporation by fecal bacteria[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2009, 87(2):583-593.

      [39]ZHAO X, WANG Y, NIE Z, et al.Ucommia ulmoides leaf extract alters gut microbiota composition, enhances short-chain fatty acids production, and ameliorates osteoporosis in the senescence-accelerated mouse P6 (SAMP6) model[J].Food Science and Nutrition, 2020(8):4897-4906.

      [40]FREIRE J P B, GUERREIRO A J G, CUNHA L F, et al.Effect of dietary bre source on total tract digestibility, caecum volatile fatty acids and digestive transit time in the weaned piglet[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2000, 87:71-83.

      [41]CHE D, ADAMS S, WEI C, et al.Effects of Astragalus membranaceus fiber on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microbial composition, VFA production, gut pH, and immunity of weaned pigs[J].Microbiologyopen, 2019, 8(5):1-12.

      [42]HASHEMI S R, DAVOODI H. Herbal plants and their derivatives as growth and health promoters in animal nutrition[J].Veterinary research communications, 2011, 35(3):169-180.

      [43]MYER P, WELLS J, SMITH T, et al.Cecum microbial communities from steers differing in feed efficiency[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2015, 93(11):5327-5340.

      [44]MYER P R, SMITH T P L, WELLS J E, et al.Rumen Microbiome from Steers Differing in Feed Efficiency[J].Plos One, 2015, 10(6):1-17.

      [45]CHEN G, LIU Y, JIANG J, et al.Effect of dietary arginine on the immune response and gene hydrophila[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2015, 44(1):195-202.

      [46]RAN C, QIN C, XIE M, et al.Aeromonas veroniiand aerolysin are important for the pathogenesis of motile aeromonad septicemia in cyprinid fish[J].Environmental Microbiology, 2018, 20(9):3442-3456.

      [47]羅慶華.杜仲葉粉對鯉魚免疫力的影響[J].湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報, 2002, 28(1):51-53.

      [48]SHIN N R, WHON T W, BAE J W.Proteobacteria: microbial signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota[J].Trends in Biotechnology, 2015, 33(9):496-503.

      [49]LI L L, YIN F G, ZHANG B, et al.Dietary supplementation with Atractylodes Macrophala Koidz polysaccharides ameliorate metabolic status and improve immune function in early-weaned pigs[J].Livestock Science, 2011, 142(1-3):33-41.

      [50]BARRATTA M T, DORMAN H J, DEANS S G, et al.Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of some commercial essential oils[J].Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 1998, 13(4):235-244.

      [51]KONG X F, WU G Y, LIAO Y P, et al.Effects of Chinese herbal ultra-fine powder as a dietary additive on growth performance, serum metabolites and intestinal health in early-weaned piglets[J].Livestock Science, 2007, 108(1-3):272-275.

      [52]YUAN S L, PIAO X S, LI D F, et al.Effects of dietary Astragalus polysaccharide on growth performance and immune function in weaned pigs[J].Animal Science, 2007, 82(4): 501-507.

      [53]王鑫, 陳鵬, 楊立杰, 等.八角和杜仲葉提取物對杜×長×大和本土里岔黑斷奶仔豬免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影響[J].動物營養(yǎng)學報, 2019, 31(10):4717-4728.

      [54]李曉梅, 曹愛智.杜仲葉提取物(幸福100)對仔豬生長性能、免疫功能和抗氧化功能的影響[J].中國飼料添加劑, 2013, (7):22-25.

      [55]TAN L, WEI T, YUAN A, et al.Dietary Supplementation of Astragalus Polysaccharides Enhanced Immune Components and Growth Factors EGF and IGF-1 in Sow Colostrum[J].Journal of Immunology Research, 2017, 2017:1-6.

      [56]KAJIMURA K, TAKAGI Y, MIYANO K, et al.Polysaccharide of Astragali radix enhances IgM antibody production in aged mice[J].Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1997, 20(11):1178-1182.

      [57]EDWARDS S, FUKASHO A, LEFEVRE P C, et al.Classical swine fever: the global situation[J].Veterinary Microbiology, 2000, 73:103-119.

      [58]EBLE P L, QUAK S, GEURTS Y, et al.Efficacy of CSF vaccine CP7_E2alf in piglets with maternally derived antibodies[J].Veterinary Microbiology, 2014, 174(1-2):27-38.

      [59]LEE K Y, JEON Y J.MACROPHAGE activation by polysaccharide isolated from Astragalus membranaceus[J].International immunopharmacology, 2005, 5(7-8):1225-1233.

      [60]SHAO B M, XU W, DAI H, et al.A study on the immune receptors for polysaccharides from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, a Chinese medicinal herb[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2004, 320(4):1103-1111.

      [61]劉輝.杜仲葉醇提物對小鼠免疫功能的影響[J].皖南醫(yī)學院學報, 1998(3):238-240.

      [62]KONG X, HU Y, RUI R, et al.Effects of Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients on peripheral lymphocyte proliferation and serum antibody titer after vaccination in chicken[J].International Immunopharmacology,2004, 4(7):975-982.

      [63]YVIND, HAUGLAND.Differential expression profiles and gene structure of two tumor necrosis factor-α variants in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)[J].Molecular Immunology, 2007, 44(7):1652-1663.

      [64]SCAPIGLIATI G, BUONOCORE F, BIRD S, et al.Phylogeny of cytokines:molecular cloning and expression analysis of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax interleukin-1beta[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2001,11(8):711-726.

      [65]COMALADA M, CAMUESCO D, SIERRA S, et al.In vivo quercitrin anti-inflammatory effect involves release of quercetin, which inhibits inflammation through down-regulation of the NF-κB pathway[J].European Journal of Immunology, 2005, 35(2):584-592.

      (責任編輯:柯文輝)

      猜你喜歡
      生產(chǎn)性能
      日糧中添加乳生肽對斷奶仔豬生產(chǎn)性能的影響
      益生菌對舍飼藏雞生產(chǎn)性能和腸道微生物的影響
      熱應激對長毛兔生產(chǎn)性能及生理生化指標的影響
      LED燈光照和耗電特點及其對蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能的影響
      黃腐酸對海蘭褐蛋雞產(chǎn)蛋性能及蛋品質(zhì)的影響
      液態(tài)二氧化碳壓裂技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀與展望
      產(chǎn)酶益生素與肽菌素聯(lián)合應用對快大型肉雞生長性能的影響
      基于體尺、體質(zhì)量的高原型藏羊核心選育群評價
      番鴨A—FABP基因內(nèi)含子多態(tài)性與生產(chǎn)性能的關(guān)聯(lián)分析
      艾葉粉對肉雞免疫器官指數(shù)及生長的影響
      从江县| 天全县| 济宁市| 锡林浩特市| 阜平县| 昭通市| 吕梁市| 泗阳县| 阳春市| 淅川县| 佳木斯市| 淮阳县| 黄骅市| 白水县| 怀宁县| 永昌县| 卢湾区| 麻栗坡县| 三门峡市| 三亚市| 黔西县| 毕节市| 漯河市| 当雄县| 清涧县| 元阳县| 南平市| 定远县| 从江县| 双柏县| 泾阳县| 水城县| 马尔康县| 阆中市| 嘉义县| 枣阳市| 青海省| 郯城县| 贵州省| 丽水市| 喀喇|