趙一超
摘要:隨著中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的烈度加劇,以美國為首的西方國家聯(lián)盟,會(huì)對(duì)我國實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的出口限制政策。以美國為例,制定了嚴(yán)格的政策和相關(guān)措施限制高新技術(shù)及產(chǎn)品出口. 美國商務(wù)部制定了商品管制清單(Commerce Control List, CCL),嚴(yán)禁將清單內(nèi)的電子元器件出口到我國。為保證國家正常科研生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)能夠繼續(xù),應(yīng)用國產(chǎn)器件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的需求是無比迫切的。本文提出了基于全國產(chǎn)器件的短波接收機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)方法。 該方案使用的模擬前端、AD以及FPGA芯片均為國產(chǎn)器件,實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果與設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)期一致,為國產(chǎn)化短波接收設(shè)備提供了一種可行的參考方案。
關(guān)鍵詞:貿(mào)易戰(zhàn);商品管制:短波接收機(jī);國產(chǎn)器件;芯片
中圖分類號(hào):TN859? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1009-3044(2021)20-0165-03
A Design Method for a PCI-e Shortwave Receiver Based on Domestic Devices
ZHAO Yi-chao
(China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266000, China)
Abstract: As the intensity of the trade war between the US and China intensifies, a coalition of Western countries, led by the US, will impose strict export restriction policies on China. The United States, for example, has put in place strict policies and related measures to restrict the export of high technology and products. The US Department of Commerce has established the Commerce Control List (CCL), which strictly prohibits the export of electronic components from the list to China. In order to ensure the continuation of the country's normal research and production activities, the need for the application of domestically produced devices for design is extremely urgent. This paper proposes a design methodology for the design of shortwave receivers based on nationally produced devices. The analogue front-end, AD and FPGA chips used in the solution are all domestically produced devices. The measured results are in good agreement with the design expectations. This paper provides a feasible reference solution for the localized shortwave receiver.
Key words: trade wars; commodity controls; shortwave receivers; domestic devices; chips
隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的走強(qiáng),高科技日益成為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長支柱。與此同時(shí),中國進(jìn)口芯片金額屢創(chuàng)新高,芯片進(jìn)口額突破3000億美元,芯片貿(mào)易逆差達(dá)3倍之多。在基礎(chǔ)元器件受制于人的情況下,國家信息安全和產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)安全都沒有任何保障,實(shí)現(xiàn)國產(chǎn)化芯片替代成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急[1]。
從國家安全和產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭的角度來說,沒有自己的芯片產(chǎn)業(yè),等同于把自己保險(xiǎn)箱鑰匙和密碼交給別人保管[1]。芯片行業(yè)作為高精尖產(chǎn)業(yè)的代表,能夠國產(chǎn)化對(duì)于國家安全也具有重大的意義!
廣泛的應(yīng)用也有助于國產(chǎn)芯片廠商對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行技術(shù)迭代,從可提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和競爭力[2]。
本文提出了一種基于全國產(chǎn)器件的PCI-e板卡接收機(jī)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。對(duì)于相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)具有很好的示范作用。
1 傳統(tǒng)超外差數(shù)字接收機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)思路
傳統(tǒng)超外差數(shù)字接收機(jī)傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)如圖1所示。射頻信號(hào)經(jīng)過天線接收至模擬混頻部分。射頻信號(hào)在此與本振信號(hào)進(jìn)行混頻,隨后進(jìn)行后置抗混疊濾波模塊濾掉高頻載波即可得到模擬中頻信號(hào)[3]。
模擬中頻信號(hào)經(jīng)過AD轉(zhuǎn)換即可得到所需的數(shù)字中頻信號(hào)。配合相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)接口模塊即可實(shí)現(xiàn)將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸至上位機(jī)。
2 數(shù)字直采接收機(jī)
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,超高采樣速率 A/D 芯片也相繼問世。在這種技術(shù)形勢(shì)下,硬件工程師也可以將接收機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的優(yōu)化,從而改善產(chǎn)品的性能。本設(shè)計(jì)在圖1設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了改良,用FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn)下變頻、時(shí)序控制以及接口等功能見圖2[4]。
相較于傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法,基于FPGA等可編程邏輯器件實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字下變頻(DDC)的設(shè)計(jì),不僅在設(shè)計(jì)上簡化了射頻前端器件組成,還減少了模擬混頻引入的相位誤差,提高了產(chǎn)品性能指標(biāo)。