安徽省農(nóng)村生活污水污染特點(diǎn)研究

孫亞敏

摘要 依據(jù)安徽省第二次全國(guó)污染源普查結(jié)果，基于環(huán)境庫(kù)茲涅茨曲線（EKC）和熵值法，對(duì)2017年安徽省農(nóng)村生活污水污染特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果表明：①全省農(nóng)村生活污水COD、NH 3-N、TN、TP排放量分別占生活源排放總量的44.4%、38.1%、33.5%、39.6%，排放去向以直排入水體、直排入農(nóng)田和其他途徑為主，三者占91.6%。②全省農(nóng)村集中式污水處理設(shè)施處理能力和污水管網(wǎng)建設(shè)均不足，農(nóng)村生活污水中各污染物有效治理率均在6%以下。③全省農(nóng)村有水沖式廁所的戶(hù)數(shù)占常住戶(hù)數(shù)的39.5%，農(nóng)村生活污水人均污染物產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)度與水沖式廁所比例呈正相關(guān)性。④全省農(nóng)村生活污水中人均COD排放強(qiáng)度、人均NH 3-N排放強(qiáng)度、人均TN排放強(qiáng)度、人均TP排放強(qiáng)度與農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入之間均呈倒“U”型關(guān)系，即隨著人均可支配收入的增加，污染物排放強(qiáng)度呈先升后降的趨勢(shì)。建議下一步因地制宜，選用適合農(nóng)村地區(qū)的污水收集管網(wǎng)、治理技術(shù)及運(yùn)行管理模式，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村改廁工作，補(bǔ)齊農(nóng)村污染治理設(shè)施短板。

關(guān)鍵詞 農(nóng)村生活污水;環(huán)境庫(kù)茲涅茨曲線（EKC）;熵值法;人均污染物產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)度

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) X 321? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A

文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2021）19-0055-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.19.014

開(kāi)放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識(shí)碼（OSID）：

Study on Pollution Characteristics of Rural Domestic Sewage in Anhui Province

SUN Ya-min

（Anhui Eco-environmental Monitoring Center，Hefei，Anhui 230061）

Abstract Based on the results of the second national pollution sources survey of Anhui Province， the pollution characteristics of rural domestic sewage in 2017 were analyzed and studied with the method of Environmental Kuznets Curve （EKC） and entropy method.The results showed that：①COD， NH 3-N， TN and TP discharge of rural domestic sewage accounted for 44.4%， 38.1%， 33.5% and 39.6% of total discharge of residential pollution sources respectively.91.6% of pollutants were discharged directly into water bodies， farmland and other ways.②Both the treatment capacities of centralized rural domestic sewage treatment plants and the sewage pipelines of Anhui Province were inadequate.The effective treatment ratio of pollutants in rural domestic sewage were lower than 6%.③Only 39.5% of rural permanent households had flush toilets.Per capita pollutant production intensity of rural domestic sewage had positively correlated with the percentage of the flush toilets.④The Environmental Kuznets Curve （EKC） between per capita pollutant discharge intensity of COD， NH 3-N， TN and TP in rural domestic sewage and per capita disposable income of rural residents showed an inverted-U trend， namely with the increase of per capita disposable income， the pollutant discharge intensity had a tendency of descending after ascending.Next the sewage collection pipelines， treatment technologies， operation and management models should be selected to adapt the local rural areas，meanwhile the toilet reform should be strengthened so as to make up for the shortage of infrastructure for environmental protection in rural areas.

Key words Rural domestic sewage;Environmental Kuznets Curve （EKC）;Entropy method;Per capita pollutant production intensity