黃瑛 鄧智超 楊槿 戴思懿
摘要 小城鎮(zhèn)兼具城市與鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展特征,應(yīng)因地制宜制定適合其自身特色的開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度管控體系。“以人民為中心”思想指導(dǎo)下,小城鎮(zhèn)開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度管控應(yīng)兼顧開(kāi)發(fā)與保護(hù)、效率與公平、共性與特色等多元價(jià)值目標(biāo),采用“自上而下”與“自下而上”相銜接的管控思路,采取“消極控制”與“積極引導(dǎo)”相結(jié)合的管控方法,構(gòu)建以容積率為核心的多維管控指標(biāo)體系,形成因地、因時(shí)制宜的管控過(guò)程。利用GIS、Yaaph等軟件,結(jié)合定量分析與定性分析,對(duì)南京市橫梁街道土地利用開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行分區(qū)分級(jí)管控,促進(jìn)小城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展多元目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
關(guān)鍵詞 開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度;多元目標(biāo);小城鎮(zhèn)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) TU 984? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A
文章編號(hào) 0517-6611(2021)19-0242-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.19.063
開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID):
Research on the Management and Control of the Development Intensity of Small Towns under the Guidance of Multiple Targets—A Case Study of Hengliang Community Street, Nanjing City
HUANG Ying,DENG Zhi-chao,YANG Jin et al
(College of Architecture, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing ,Jiangsu 211816)
Abstract Small towns have both urban and rural social and economic development characteristics, so they should formulate an intensity control system suitable for their own characteristics in accordance with local conditions. Under the guidance of the “people-centered” ideology, the control of intensity should take into account multiple value goals, such as development and protection, efficiency and fairness, commonality and characteristics. Small towns should build a management and control system that connects “top-down” and “bottom-up”, adopt a method that combines “passive control” and “active guidance”, build a multidimensional index system centered on floor area ratio,and form a control process that adapts to the place and time. In the management and control of the intensity of Hengliang Street, GIS, Yaaph and other software are used to carry out quantitative and qualitative analysis to obtain district and hierarchical control, and then promote the diversified development of small towns.
Key words Development intensity;Multiple targets;Small town
基金項(xiàng)目 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年項(xiàng)目(41901167)。
作者簡(jiǎn)介 黃瑛(1978—),女,江蘇常州人,副教授,博士,從事城市與鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃、城市社區(qū)社會(huì)問(wèn)題研究。
收稿日期 2021-01-21
開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度管控是合理配置城鎮(zhèn)土地和空間資源,實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境容量合理控制,體現(xiàn)整體利益調(diào)整與平衡的重要手段[1-2]。國(guó)外如紐約、東京等城市歷經(jīng)多年演進(jìn)已經(jīng)形成較為成熟的管控經(jīng)驗(yàn),國(guó)內(nèi)如深圳、武漢、上海等城市也已開(kāi)展了多輪研究[1,3],適合地方獨(dú)特環(huán)境、面向多元目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向、組合多種管控方式的開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度管控體系正逐步構(gòu)建與完善。2019年《自然資源部關(guān)于全面開(kāi)展國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃工作的通知》中將“國(guó)土空間開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度”和“城鎮(zhèn)開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度分區(qū)及容積率、密度等控制指標(biāo),高度、風(fēng)貌等空間形態(tài)控制要求”分別作為省級(jí)國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃、國(guó)務(wù)院審批的市級(jí)國(guó)土空間總體規(guī)劃審查要點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度管控作為國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃體系重要組成內(nèi)容的地位。
小城鎮(zhèn)是我國(guó)新型城鎮(zhèn)化的重要空間載體,其土地利用與城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)過(guò)程中,必須協(xié)調(diào)開(kāi)發(fā)與保護(hù)、兼具效率與公平、體現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)與創(chuàng)新,因地制宜的土地開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度管控將有助于引導(dǎo)其合理建設(shè)、特色彰顯與可持續(xù)發(fā)展。但從國(guó)內(nèi)目前研究現(xiàn)狀看,小城鎮(zhèn)開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度管控的研究剛剛起步,研究?jī)?nèi)容、方法大多借鑒大城市,研究結(jié)論甚至也與大城市相仿,小城鎮(zhèn)開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度影響因素、管控內(nèi)容、管控方式等特殊性的研究嚴(yán)重缺乏。
1 小城鎮(zhèn)開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度特征及趨勢(shì)
作為兼具城市與鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)特征的小城鎮(zhèn),在發(fā)展中面對(duì)問(wèn)題與城市不盡相同,土地利用和空間開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)呈現(xiàn)獨(dú)有特征。