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      創(chuàng)設(shè)語(yǔ)用情境,發(fā)展語(yǔ)言能力

      2021-10-20 12:09:53姜琴琴
      閱讀(教學(xué)研究) 2021年9期

      姜琴琴

      【摘要】Checkout Time版塊不僅承載著對(duì)單元知識(shí)的系統(tǒng)梳理、復(fù)習(xí)鞏固和檢測(cè)反饋的作用,還承載著提升學(xué)生語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的功能。在教授單元復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí),應(yīng)著眼復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容,明確單元主題,設(shè)置整體情境。在整體情境的背景下,應(yīng)厘清思路,確定一脈相承的情境串聯(lián)主線(xiàn),階梯式設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生的多種活動(dòng)任務(wù)。

      【關(guān)鍵詞】整體情境 明確主題 階梯式任務(wù)

      譯林版小學(xué)《英語(yǔ)》每個(gè)單元都包含了Checkout Time版塊,這一版塊通過(guò)不同的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐活動(dòng),旨在對(duì)各單元重點(diǎn)詞句進(jìn)行總結(jié)與檢測(cè),如:Listen and choose/number, Draw/ Point/Make order and say, Look/Read/Think and write等。此版塊不僅承載著對(duì)單元知識(shí)的系統(tǒng)梳理、復(fù)習(xí)鞏固和檢測(cè)反饋的作用,還承載著提升學(xué)生語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的功能。教師在教授本版塊時(shí),如果零散教學(xué),則無(wú)法幫助學(xué)生形成系統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)概念以及綜合語(yǔ)用能力。因此,創(chuàng)設(shè)真實(shí)有效的整體語(yǔ)用情境,循序漸進(jìn)地發(fā)展學(xué)生語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力至關(guān)重要。筆者以4B Unit 5 Seasons的Checkout Time版塊為例,融合單元內(nèi)容,以復(fù)習(xí)主題為源頭,探索單元復(fù)習(xí)課之情境教學(xué)。

      4B Unit 5 Seasons以季節(jié)為主題,目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言是一年四季的氣候及相關(guān)活動(dòng)。Checkout Time版塊是要求學(xué)生按四季、氣候、活動(dòng)劃分的三組圖片進(jìn)行匹配連線(xiàn),并以功能句型“In ... Its ... I ...”作出語(yǔ)言輸出,本版塊內(nèi)容是對(duì)本單元教學(xué)內(nèi)容的集中提煉。因此,筆者在教學(xué)時(shí),以上一課時(shí)中的卡通故事配音為跳板,牽引卡通人物Sam和媽媽坐飛機(jī)去北京,見(jiàn)到自己最喜歡的春天,從而制作時(shí)下流行的季節(jié)手賬為整體復(fù)習(xí)情境,將Checkout Time版塊分解為識(shí)圖、分類(lèi)、匹配等子環(huán)節(jié)層層遞進(jìn),進(jìn)而拓展四季更多的活動(dòng)。在幫助Sam制作季節(jié)手賬時(shí),逐漸呈現(xiàn)思維導(dǎo)圖,從溫度、活動(dòng)、食物、服裝、風(fēng)景等方面幫助學(xué)生建構(gòu)支點(diǎn),呈現(xiàn)Sam喜歡的手賬,為學(xué)生之后的語(yǔ)言輸出提供語(yǔ)言框架。在完整而細(xì)致地呈現(xiàn)Sam的季節(jié)手賬后,又以Sam與南通的好友Bobby互傳季節(jié)手賬為過(guò)渡,讓學(xué)生同桌合作完成Bobby的季節(jié)手賬,從溫度、活動(dòng)、食物、服裝、風(fēng)景等方面幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)和秋天有關(guān)的內(nèi)容;最后,自然而然過(guò)渡到學(xué)生先完成自己喜歡的季節(jié)的手賬,再小組合作完成四季手賬。由此,學(xué)生在幫助卡通人物完成季節(jié)手賬的整體情境下,逐漸豐富自己的語(yǔ)言框架和支點(diǎn),綜合提升語(yǔ)用能力。筆者根據(jù)以上情境教學(xué)思路,將教學(xué)過(guò)程實(shí)施如下:

      Step 1.Warming up.

      1. Enjoy and answer.

      T:Hello, children! Are you ready for class? Lets begin! First, lets enjoy a song A sunny day.

      2. Review and dub.

      T:Its a sunny day. We can also say“Its a fine day.”Look, its a fine day. Sam and his mother take a plane to Beijing. Do you remember what they say on the plane? Lets dub.

      [設(shè)計(jì)意圖]課堂熱身環(huán)節(jié),由學(xué)生熟悉的課本歌曲入手,既能渲染氣氛,又能讓學(xué)生駕馭歌曲,激發(fā)其學(xué)習(xí)興趣,同時(shí)自然牽引問(wèn)題:歌曲里的天氣如何?由“Its a sunny day.”牽引卡通故事中的“Its a fine day.”,順其自然引入給卡通人物配音,為本節(jié)課的整體情境進(jìn)行鋪設(shè)。

      Step 2. Presentation.

      1. Enjoy and read: Enjoy some pictures of Beijing

      T: Sam and his mother take a plane to Beijing. On the plane, they find a book Beautiful Beijing. First, lets enjoy some pictures of Beijing on the book.

      2. Look and classify.

      T:Oh, so many beautiful pictures of Beijing. Can you help Sam classify these pictures in three groups?

      3. Match and say.

      T: We have different weather and do different things in different seasons. This time, can you help Sam match these pictures? Open your books at Page 37 and try to finish. Check with your partner and then try to answer like this: In spring, its warm, we fly kites.

      4. Think and learn.

      T: We can do many things in spring. For example, we can go boating. We can draw in the park. How about in other seasons? What can we do? Lets think it over.

      [設(shè)計(jì)意圖]以上步驟將Checkout Time設(shè)置在Sam和媽媽在飛機(jī)上欣賞書(shū)上的圖文的總情境下,依次串聯(lián),由淺入深分解為三個(gè)步驟:識(shí)圖、分類(lèi)和匹配。在學(xué)生為卡通故事配音后,延續(xù)文本情境:Sam和媽媽在飛機(jī)上發(fā)現(xiàn)一本書(shū):《美麗的北京》,其中有許多圖片,設(shè)置游戲讓學(xué)生快速認(rèn)讀,復(fù)習(xí)文本詞匯;接著讓學(xué)生幫助Sam將這些圖片分類(lèi),幫助學(xué)生引入概念:seasons,weather,activities,進(jìn)而完成匹配,并進(jìn)行同桌互查展示。在這一環(huán)節(jié)中,由點(diǎn)及面,循序漸進(jìn)地幫助學(xué)生鞏固單元知識(shí),初步建構(gòu)有關(guān)四季的認(rèn)知。單元復(fù)習(xí)課,不僅應(yīng)幫助學(xué)生系統(tǒng)掌握單元知識(shí),而且應(yīng)豐富、拓展學(xué)生的原有認(rèn)知,建構(gòu)更豐富的語(yǔ)言框架。所以,在完成匹配后,筆者自然引入話(huà)題“What else can we do in every season?”,由此豐富學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言?xún)?chǔ)備,為之后的語(yǔ)言輸出提供資源,也調(diào)動(dòng)起學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)新知的能動(dòng)性。

      5. Look and guess.

      T: We can do many interesting things in every season. So we like different seasons. Which season does Sam like? Enjoy these pictures and try to guess.

      6. Read and choose.

      T: Its spring in Beijing now. Sam takes a lot of photos and he also wants to make a journal. Lets see what aspects the journal is from?(A.weather B.scenery C.activities D.food E.clothes)

      7. Listen and compare.

      T:But Sams mother doesnt think its very good. Take your learning list. Lets listen and fill.

      T:How does Sams mother help him?Add some adjectives. Do you know other adjectives? Heres a tip for you. Using adjectives can help our sentences a lot.

      8. Think and summary.

      ⑴T: Can you help Sam write something about clothes? Look, I help him like this: I wear a purple jacket. So Sams journal also includes clothes. When we write from many aspects, our journals can be excellent.

      ⑵What do you think of Sams journal? Is it full? I help him modify: which one is better? Why? Because I add the beginning and the ending.

      Dont forget the title: Beautiful spring. You can create other titles, such as Green spring/Nice spring.

      [設(shè)計(jì)意圖]以上環(huán)節(jié)為本節(jié)課的主題情境,即:與Sam一起完善他喜歡的春季的手賬,其中設(shè)置多種實(shí)踐活動(dòng),通過(guò)聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、思考、總結(jié)等方式幫助學(xué)生深層建構(gòu)自己的認(rèn)知。首先,呈現(xiàn)Sam自己制作的手賬,由學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀思考總結(jié)季節(jié)手賬的初步框架:天氣、風(fēng)景、活動(dòng)、食物;然后教師提出建議:增加框架——服裝,整體呈現(xiàn)思維導(dǎo)圖;接著由Sam的媽媽提供幫助,學(xué)生完成學(xué)習(xí)單并思考:媽媽如何幫助Sam?由此引入使用形容詞讓手賬更漂亮;最后呈現(xiàn)具有完整語(yǔ)言框架的手賬與Sam的手賬進(jìn)行對(duì)比,引發(fā)小組討論,總結(jié)得出在制作手賬時(shí)所要注意的點(diǎn)。

      9. Make and show

      ⑴Heres the full journal. Sam sends his journal to his friend Bobby in Nantong. Bobby wants to send back. Can you help him?

      ⑵T:Now we know Sam likes spring. Bobby likes autumn . Which season do you like? Can you make a journal about your favourite season? How to make a journal? Before class, you collect photos and pictures of your favourite season.In class, you learn how to write passages. What aspects can you talk? Heres a word bank for you. After class,you modify it and make it more beautiful. Now please try to make your journal.

      [設(shè)計(jì)意圖]在展示環(huán)節(jié),筆者也分為兩個(gè)層次進(jìn)行:首先,呈現(xiàn)Bobby在南通喜歡的季節(jié)手賬框架,包含相關(guān)圖片和語(yǔ)言框架,學(xué)生依據(jù)圖片和句型完成Bobby的手賬。在此基礎(chǔ)上,學(xué)生根據(jù)昨晚家庭作業(yè)收集的圖片完成自己的季節(jié)手賬,最后再與小組內(nèi)同學(xué)合并為一本四季手賬,并進(jìn)行展示。在此展示環(huán)節(jié),筆者依然遵循學(xué)生的自然發(fā)展規(guī)律,由淺入深,由點(diǎn)及面,從深度和廣度挖掘?qū)W生的最大潛能。

      Step 3. Summary

      T:Sam likes travelling.He also likes taking photos. Lets enjoy some photos from Sam. In spring, we see flowers, happy animals. In summer, we go to the beach.We go swimming.We eat ice creams. In autumn, we get a lot of fruit. Its a harvest season. We can see nice apple trees. In winter, we make snowmen. We enjoy the white snow.

      I think beauty is in every season. Get close to nature, you can find beauty everywhere.

      [設(shè)計(jì)意圖]在本節(jié)課大量的圖片欣賞之后,筆者結(jié)合Sam在旅途中拍攝的圖片進(jìn)行解說(shuō),形成簡(jiǎn)短詩(shī)歌,讓學(xué)生體會(huì)圖片與語(yǔ)言的雙重美感,從而激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)四季的熱愛(ài)、對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)南通的熱愛(ài)、對(duì)祖國(guó)大好河山的熱愛(ài)。

      結(jié)合學(xué)生的課堂反饋,筆者認(rèn)為,在教授單元復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí),應(yīng)著眼復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容,明確單元主題,設(shè)置整體情境,此情境還應(yīng)符合學(xué)生的日常認(rèn)知,從而便于學(xué)生產(chǎn)生真實(shí)的體驗(yàn)感,確保語(yǔ)言交流的真實(shí)、有效。

      (作者單位:江蘇省南通市鶴濤小學(xué))

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