劉暢瑞
摘? 要:美聲唱法經(jīng)歷了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的發(fā)展演變,已成為如今國際上公認(rèn)的最科學(xué)的演唱方法,這種科學(xué)的演唱方法也是西方文化、藝術(shù)的重要產(chǎn)物,要想把握它的演唱特點(diǎn)、風(fēng)格特征、學(xué)習(xí)方法及教學(xué)方法,就要對西方聲樂的發(fā)展歷史、發(fā)聲方法、演唱方式和演唱風(fēng)格、技巧及教學(xué)方法要點(diǎn)等有所了解并掌握。從其中借鑒一些先進(jìn)的、科學(xué)的演唱方法、技巧及教學(xué)方法?!稓W洲聲樂發(fā)展史》(以下簡稱《聲樂史》)是尚家驤教授撰寫出版的聲樂類學(xué)術(shù)巨著,曾獲中國藝術(shù)研究院優(yōu)秀學(xué)術(shù)著作獎(jiǎng)。該書雖然已出版多年,作者多次拜讀,但每次讀后都有新的收獲,禁不住書寫感想及淺見,以此文向聲樂愛好者及年輕的聲樂界同仁推薦這部好書。以便我們廣大年輕的聲樂愛好者及聲樂教師在了解歐洲聲樂發(fā)展史的同時(shí),更能掌握、借鑒歐洲聲樂演唱及教學(xué)中的一些先進(jìn)技巧、方法,使我國的聲樂演唱水平有更大提高。
關(guān)鍵詞:歐洲聲樂發(fā)展史;聲樂演唱;聲樂教學(xué);借鑒意義
中圖分類號:G642? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A? ? ? ? ? 文章編號:2096-000X(2021)28-0067-05
Abstract: After several centuries of development and evolution, Bel Canto has become an internationally recognized scientific singing method and a product of western culture. To grasp its singing characteristics, style characteristics, learning methods and teaching methods, it is necessary to understand and master the development history, vocalization methods, singing methods and styles, skills and teaching methods of western vocal music, and learn from it some advanced and scientific singing methods, skills and teaching methods. The History of Vocal Music Development in Europe, hereinafter referred to as Vocal Music History, is a masterpiece of vocal music written and published by Professor Shang Jiaxiang, and has won the Outstanding Academic Works Award of China Academy of Art. Although this book has been published for many years, I have read it many times, but every time I read it, I can't help writing my thoughts and opinions. This paper recommends this good book to vocal music lovers and young colleagues in the vocal music field. So that our young vocal music lovers and vocal music teachers, while understanding the history of vocal music development in Europe, can master and learn from some advanced techniques and methods in vocal music singing and teaching in Europe, and make our vocal music singing level have a greater improvement.
Keywords: European Vocal Music Development History; vocal singing; vocal music teaching; reference significance
西方美聲唱法是17世紀(jì)產(chǎn)生于意大利的一種演唱風(fēng)格,以音樂優(yōu)美、發(fā)聲自如、音與音連接平滑勻凈,花腔、裝飾樂句流利、靈活為特點(diǎn)。它的發(fā)展過程歷經(jīng)了幾個(gè)世紀(jì),并從中可以看出它是一種科學(xué)的發(fā)聲方法,代表了歌劇發(fā)展過程中一個(gè)非常重要的歷史時(shí)期,也是黃金時(shí)期。西方美聲唱法有著非常規(guī)范的演唱技巧及科學(xué)的發(fā)聲訓(xùn)練方法,想要掌握這個(gè)體系實(shí)屬不易,只有我們在聲樂演唱及教學(xué)中不斷摸索、借鑒先進(jìn)的技術(shù),來指導(dǎo)我們的演唱及教學(xué)才能提高我國的美聲演唱水平,培養(yǎng)出優(yōu)秀的聲樂演唱人才。如何才能比較系統(tǒng)、簡便、全面地學(xué)習(xí)掌握西方聲樂的誕生、發(fā)展、演唱風(fēng)格、技巧及教學(xué)方法呢?《聲樂史》就是一部很好的巨著。
尚家驤教授①所著《歐洲聲樂發(fā)展史》一書首先以歐洲聲樂誕生為切入點(diǎn),系統(tǒng)地闡釋了歐洲聲樂的發(fā)展,把數(shù)世紀(jì)中有關(guān)聲樂藝術(shù)的浩瀚史料,編選成書。該書立足聲樂演唱技巧,對歐洲不同時(shí)期,不同國家的聲樂進(jìn)行了深入的、整體的、互動(dòng)性的闡釋,從而使其聲樂演唱技巧、聲樂教學(xué)方法得以清晰體現(xiàn)。同時(shí)《聲樂史》以美聲唱法的發(fā)展歷史、發(fā)聲方法、演唱方式和演唱技巧、聲樂理論、教學(xué)方法、演唱風(fēng)格等為主線,在廣闊豐富的史料基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了歸納總結(jié)。