祖亮 楊棟云 高楊 應(yīng)?;邸≮w中偉
[關(guān)鍵詞] 大肝癌;經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù);局部熱消融;療效;危險(xiǎn)因素
[中圖分類號(hào)] R735.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2021)18-0100-04
Effect and influencing factors of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation in treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma
ZU Liang1? ?YANG Dongyun2? ?GAO Yang1? ?YING Xihui1? ?ZHAO Zhongwei1
1.Department of Radiology,Lishui Municipal Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Lishui? ?323000, China; 2.Department of Ultrasonography, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Lishui? ?323000, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with local thermal ablation in the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to analyze the risk factors affecting the efficacy. Methods Ninety patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma treated in our hospital form January 2017 to December 2019 were selected as research subjects, and retrospective analysis was performed. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation was given to all patients. The short-term efficacy was evaluated and the objective response rate was calculated. The patients were divided into the objective response group and the control group (not achieving the objective response) according to the short-term efficacy. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors affecting the efficacy of transhepatic arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results After transhepatic arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation, among the 90 patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma, 47 patients achieved objective response, and 43 patients didn′t achieve objective response, with the objective response rate of 52.22%. In the univariate analysis, there were statistically significant differences in the tumor diameter, tumor number, tumor clinical stage, preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level, and portal vein tumor thrombus between the objective response group and the control group(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender and body mass index between the objective response group and the control group(P>0.05). According to the multivariate Logistic regression analysis, tumor diameter ≥7 cm, tumor number ≥2, tumor clinical stage Ⅲ-IV, preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level ≥200 μg/L, and portal vein tumor thrombus were risk factors affecting the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with local thermal ablation has a certain efficacy in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma,but the efficacy is affected by tumor diameter, tumor number, tumor clinical stage,preoperative alpha fetoprotein level, portal vein tumor thrombus and other factors,so it is necessary to implement corresponding intervention according to the above risk factors.
[Key words] Large hepatocellular carcinoma; Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; Local thermal ablation; Efficacy; Risk factors
肝癌作為一種常見的惡性腫瘤,發(fā)病率極高,其發(fā)病率在我國(guó)惡性腫瘤中居于第4位,且具有較高的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn),患者的生命健康受到嚴(yán)重威脅[1-3]。經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)、局部熱消融是臨床治療肝癌的主要方法,均屬于介入治療[4],但由于大肝癌作為腫瘤直徑達(dá)到5 cm的肝癌,其治療難度大[5],采用肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)、局部熱消融治療后部分患者的近期療效欠佳,還需對(duì)其療效影響因素進(jìn)行明確,以進(jìn)一步提高大肝癌患者的近期療效。本研究針對(duì)90例經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融治療的大肝癌患者進(jìn)行回顧性研究,以探討經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融治療大肝癌的療效,明確影響其療效的危險(xiǎn)因素,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2017年1月至2019年12月我院收診的90例大肝癌患者作為研究對(duì)象,患者年齡30~79歲,年齡≥60歲者39例,年齡<60歲者51例;男49例,女41例;身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)≥25 kg/m2 23例,<25 kg/m2 67例;23例患者伴門靜脈癌栓。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6]:①經(jīng)影像學(xué)檢查、臨床癥狀觀察、手術(shù)病理診斷,腫瘤直徑≥5 cm,確診為大肝癌者;②具備經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)、局部熱消融指征者;③術(shù)前對(duì)手術(shù)方案知情同意,簽署知情同意協(xié)議;④臨床資料保存完整,無(wú)缺失者。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7]:①合并全身嚴(yán)重感染者;②合并其他惡性腫瘤者;③既往有肝切除術(shù)、肝移植術(shù)、肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)、消融治療等治療史者;④存在精神障礙者;⑤臨床資料欠缺完整性者。
1.2? 方法
所有患者均接受經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融治療,患者采取仰臥位,經(jīng)右側(cè)股動(dòng)脈穿刺置管,將導(dǎo)管置入肝臟腫瘤供血靶動(dòng)脈,注入造影劑,明確肝臟腫瘤位置,再經(jīng)導(dǎo)管將明膠海綿顆粒栓塞劑、碘化油乳劑注入至肝動(dòng)脈,對(duì)肝動(dòng)脈進(jìn)行栓塞;經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)后1周實(shí)施局部熱消融治療,患者采取仰臥位,局部浸潤(rùn)麻醉,在超聲或CT引導(dǎo)下穿刺,置入消融針至肝癌病灶中央?yún)^(qū),設(shè)定好消融電壓和時(shí)間,再開始局部消融。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
治療后,評(píng)價(jià)近期療效,統(tǒng)計(jì)客觀緩解率,客觀緩解率=(完全緩解例數(shù)+部分緩解例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%,具體評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:完全緩解(CR):肝臟腫瘤病灶消失,無(wú)新病灶出現(xiàn);部分緩解(PR):肝臟腫瘤病灶面積減小幅度≥30%,無(wú)新病灶出現(xiàn);穩(wěn)定(SD):肝臟腫瘤病灶面積減小幅度<30%或增大幅度<20%;進(jìn)展(PD):肝臟腫瘤病灶面積增大幅度≥20%,出現(xiàn)新病灶[8]。
根據(jù)患者近期療效將其分為客觀緩解組、對(duì)照組(SD+PD),比較兩組的臨床資料,對(duì)影響大肝癌患者經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融療效的危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行單因素分析、多因素Logistic回歸分析,分析指標(biāo)包括年齡(≥60歲或<60歲)、性別(男或女)、BMI(≥25 kg/m2或<25 kg/m2)、腫瘤直徑(≥7 cm或<7 cm)、腫瘤數(shù)目(≥2個(gè)或<2個(gè))、腫瘤臨床分期(Ⅰ~Ⅱ期或Ⅲ~Ⅳ期)、術(shù)前甲胎蛋白水平(≥200 μg/L或<200 μg/L)、門靜脈癌栓(有或無(wú))。
1.4? 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 26.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件處理數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料用[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;將單因素分析中數(shù)據(jù)資料整理成計(jì)數(shù)資料形式,實(shí)施χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05時(shí)為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,將單因素分析中統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)結(jié)果為P<0.05的變量納入多因素Logistic回歸模型中,賦值,分析,以α=0.05為檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 大肝癌患者經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融治療的療效
經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融治療后,90例大肝癌患者中有47例患者客觀緩解(19例完全緩解、28例部分緩解),其余43例未達(dá)到客觀緩解(30例穩(wěn)定、13例進(jìn)展),客觀緩解率為52.22%。
2.2 大肝癌患者經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融治療療效的危險(xiǎn)因素分析
2.2.1 單因素分析? 在單因素分析中,客觀緩解組與對(duì)照組的腫瘤直徑、腫瘤數(shù)目、腫瘤臨床分期、術(shù)前甲胎蛋白水平、門靜脈癌栓比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而兩組的年齡、性別、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
2.2.2 多因素Logistic回顧分析? 將單因素分析中P<0.05的變量錄入至多因素Logistic回歸模型中進(jìn)行賦值,賦值結(jié)果見表2;經(jīng)多因素Logistic回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),腫瘤直徑≥7 cm、腫瘤數(shù)目≥2個(gè)、腫瘤臨床分期Ⅲ~I(xiàn)V期、術(shù)前甲胎蛋白≥200 μg/L、伴有門靜脈癌栓是影響大肝癌患者經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融治療效果的危險(xiǎn)因素。見表3。
3 討論
原發(fā)性肝癌是我國(guó)最為常見的惡性腫瘤之一,具有高發(fā)病率和高死亡率,患者發(fā)病后存在肝區(qū)疼痛等癥狀[9]。原發(fā)性肝癌患者早期階段的腫瘤惡性程度低,隨著病情進(jìn)展,其腫瘤體積逐漸增大,逐漸侵襲周圍組織,嚴(yán)重危害患者的生命安全[10]。大肝癌是指腫瘤直徑≥5 cm的肝癌類型,其腫瘤體積較大,預(yù)后較差[11-12],需實(shí)施積極治療。
近年來(lái),肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)、局部熱消融在原發(fā)性肝癌治療中取得一定的效果。肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)屬于介入治療,主要是通過(guò)穿刺置管,經(jīng)導(dǎo)管將明膠海綿顆粒、碘化油注入至肝動(dòng)脈,對(duì)肝動(dòng)脈進(jìn)行栓塞,可阻斷肝動(dòng)脈對(duì)肝臟腫瘤的血供,促使肝臟腫瘤逐漸萎縮,發(fā)揮縮小腫瘤體積、延緩腫瘤進(jìn)展的作用[13-15]。局部熱消融也屬于介入治療手段,主要是利用微波或射頻電流對(duì)肝臟腫瘤進(jìn)行振蕩,利用振蕩作用摩擦生熱,而腫瘤組織對(duì)熱的耐受性不及正常組織,當(dāng)溫度達(dá)到一定程度時(shí),腫瘤組織可逐漸消融,癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)部線粒體和溶酶體遭到破壞,癌細(xì)胞逐漸凋亡,從而發(fā)揮抗癌作用[16-18]。本研究中,經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融治療后,90例大肝癌患者中有47例患者客觀緩解,客觀緩解率為52.22%,說(shuō)明肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)+局部熱消融可在大肝癌患者中發(fā)揮良好抗癌作用,延緩腫瘤進(jìn)展,但部分患者近期療效不夠理想,有待提高。
明確影響療效的危險(xiǎn)因素是提高療效的關(guān)鍵,本研究針對(duì)經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融治療后不同療效的大肝癌患者進(jìn)行回顧性研究,經(jīng)單因素分析、多因素Logistic回歸分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),腫瘤直徑≥7 cm、腫瘤數(shù)目≥2個(gè)、腫瘤臨床分期Ⅲ~I(xiàn)V期、術(shù)前甲胎蛋白≥200 μg/L、伴有門靜脈癌栓是影響大肝癌患者經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融治療效果的危險(xiǎn)因素,作用機(jī)制如下:①腫瘤直徑、腫瘤數(shù)目、腫瘤臨床分期、甲胎蛋白水平均反映了肝癌患者腫瘤進(jìn)展情況,而腫瘤直徑≥7 cm、腫瘤數(shù)目≥2個(gè)、腫瘤臨床分期Ⅲ~I(xiàn)V期、術(shù)前甲胎蛋白≥200 μg/L的大肝癌患者其病情更加嚴(yán)重,采用肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)+局部熱消融治療易存在腫瘤殘留、不完全消融等情況,影響其療效;②門靜脈癌栓是原發(fā)性肝癌患者的常見并發(fā)癥,原發(fā)性肝癌患者并發(fā)門靜脈癌栓后其病情加重,其腫瘤進(jìn)展加快,生存期限縮短,這類患者經(jīng)介入治療后的預(yù)后相對(duì)較差[19-22]。
綜上所述,經(jīng)肝動(dòng)脈化療栓塞術(shù)聯(lián)合局部熱消融在大肝癌中具有一定的治療效果,但患者療效受到腫瘤直徑、腫瘤數(shù)目、腫瘤臨床分期、術(shù)前甲胎蛋白水平、門靜脈癌栓等因素的影響,臨床上需根據(jù)上述危險(xiǎn)因素實(shí)施相應(yīng)干預(yù)。
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(收稿日期:2020-08-13)