全球首例——豬心臟移植到人體 Doctors transplant pig heart intohuman for the first time

旦真郎加

美國馬里蘭大學(xué)實(shí)施了全球首例將豬心臟移植到人體內(nèi)的手術(shù)。該大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)系的一個團(tuán)隊(duì)將一顆經(jīng)過10次基因改造后的豬心臟移植到了一位心力衰竭的男子身上。

Doctors?have?transplanted?the?heart?from?a?genetically?modified?pig?into?the?chest?of?a?man?from?Maryland?in?an?effort?to?save?his?life.?The?first?of?its?kind?surgery?is?being?hailed?as?a?major?step?forward?in?the?decades?long?effort?to?successfully?transplant?animal?organs?into?humans.

Although?it?s?been?tried?before—one?of?the?earliest?subjects，?known?as?Baby?Fae，?survived?21?days?with?a?baboon?s?heart?in?1984，?according?to?Time—the?practice?has?fallen?into?disuse?because?animal?organs?are?usually?quickly?rejected?by?their?human?host.

But?doctors?say?this?new?transplant?is?a?breakthrough?because?the?donor?pig?had?undergone?gene?editing?to?remove?a?specific?type?of?sugar?from?its?cells?that?s?thought?to?be?responsible?for?previous?organ?rejections?in?patients.

The?man，?57?year?old?David?Bennett?from?Maryland，?had?a?terminal（致命的）?heart?disease，?but?several?medical?centers?had?determined?that?he?was?ineligible?for?a?human?transplant，?the?statement?said.?“It?was?either?to?die?or?do?this?transplant.?I?want?to?live.?I?know?it?s?a?shot?in?the?dark?but?it?s?my?last?choice，”?Bennett?said?the?day?before?his?surgery.?“I?look?forward?to?getting?out?of?bed?after?I?recover.”

“This?was?a?breakthrough?surgery?and?it?brings?us?one?step?closer?to?solving?the?organ?shortage?crisis，”?Dr?Bartley?Griffith，?director?of?the?Cardiac?Transplant?Program?at?the?University?of?Maryland?Medical?Center?and?the?surgeon?who?performed?the?transplant，?said?in?the?statement.?“There?are?simply?not?enough?donor?human?hearts?available?to?meet?the?long?list?of?potential?recipients.”

According?to?the?United?Network?for?Organ?Sharing，?which?oversees?a?network?for?organ?transplants?in?the?United?States，?there?were?more?than?3，800?heart?transplants?in?the?country?last?year—a?record?number.?More?than?100，000?people?in?the?US?are?currently?waiting?for?an?organ?transplant，?and?over?6，000?people?die?each?year?before?getting?one.

If?the?method?of?genetically?modifying?donor?animals?to?make?their?organs?less?likely?to?be?rejected?by?human?hosts?proves?successful?in?the?long?term，?such?procedures?might?be?an?option?for?many?other?patients?awaiting?transplants.

1.?What?can?we?know?about?the?surgery?mentioned？

A.?It?is?the?first?ever?animal?to?human?organ?transplant.

B.?It?is?a?successful?animal?to?human?organ?transplant.

C.?It?involves?gene?editing?technology?in?organ?transplants.

D.?It？?s?intended?to?test?a?theory?about?organ?transplantation.

2.?What?does?the?underlined?word?“ineligible”?mean?in?Para.?4？

A.?Knowledgeable.

B.?Unsuitable.

C.?Unlikely.

D.?Impatient.

3.?What？?s?Dr?Bartley?Griffith？?s?attitude?to?the?surgery？

A.?Nervous.

B.?Hopeless.

C.?Confident.

D.?Worried.

4.?What?can?we?conclude?from?the?last?but?one paragraph？

A.?Organ?transplants?are?badly?needed?in?the?US.

B.?Few?people?in?the?US?suffer?from?heart?diseases.

C.?Heart?transplants?have?been?very?successful?in?America.

D.?The?number?of?heart?trouble?has?been?in?decline?in?America.

Ⅰ.?Difficult?sentence?in?the?text

But?doctors?say?this?new?transplant?is?a?breakthrough?because?the?donor?pig?had?undergone?gene?editing?to?remove?a?specific?type?of?sugar?from?its?cells?that？?s?thought?to?be?responsible?for?previous?organ?rejections?in?patients.?但醫(yī)生們認(rèn)為，這次新的器官移植是一次突破，因?yàn)楣w豬經(jīng)歷了基因編輯，從其細(xì)胞中去除了一種特定類型的糖，這種糖被認(rèn)為是之前在病人體內(nèi)引起器官排異反應(yīng)的主要因素。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句是一個復(fù)合句。because?引導(dǎo)一個原因狀語從句，該從句又包含一個that?引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是sugar，在定語從句中作主語。

Ⅱ.?Text?centered?chunks

modify?v.?修改;更改

hail?v.?贊揚(yáng);稱頌

fall?into?disuse?荒廢;淘汰

undergo?v.?經(jīng)歷;遭受

recipient?n.?接受者;受方