2023年高考熱門主題語境2：科學(xué)與技術(shù)

蔣建平

一、素材積累

Ⅰ.?核心單詞

1.?database?n.?數(shù)據(jù)庫

2.?patent?n.?專利證書;專利權(quán)

3.?chip?n.?芯片

4.?electronic?adj.?電子的

5.?robot?n.?機(jī)器人

6.?virus?n.?病毒

7.?operate?v.?操作

8.?accurate?adj.?精確的

accurately?adv.?精確地

accuracy?n.?精確;準(zhǔn)確性

9.?access?v.?存?。ㄓ?jì)算機(jī)文件）

10.?scan?v.?掃描

11.?download?v.?下載

12.?update?v.?更新;使現(xiàn)代化

13.?biotechnology?n.?生物技術(shù)

14.?breakthrough?n.?重大進(jìn)展;突破

15.?intelligent?adj.?智能的

intelligence?n.?智力;智慧

16.?analyze?v.?分析

analysis?n.?分析

17.?create?v.?創(chuàng)造;創(chuàng)建

creation?n.?創(chuàng)造;創(chuàng)作

creative adj.?有創(chuàng)造力的;創(chuàng)造的

creator?n.?創(chuàng)造者

18.?digital?adj.?數(shù)字的

19.?automatic?adj.?自動的

20.?invent?v.?發(fā)明

invention?n.?發(fā)明;創(chuàng)造

inventor?n.?發(fā)明者;發(fā)明家

Ⅱ.?高頻短語

1.?facial?recognition?人臉識別

2.?gene?engineering?基因工程

3.?manned?spacecraft?載人飛船

4.?biological?technology?生物技術(shù)

5.?mobile?payment?移動支付

6.?Smile?to?Pay?刷臉支付

7.?touch?screen?觸摸屏

8.?artificial?intelligence?（AI）?人工智能

9.?virtual?reality?（VR）?虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)

10.?advanced?science?尖端科學(xué)

11.?technical?innovation?技術(shù)創(chuàng)新

12.?scientific?exploration?科學(xué)探索

13.?search?engine?搜索引擎

14.?intelligent?terminal?智能終端

15.?digital?technology?數(shù)字技術(shù)

16.?high?tech?product?高科技產(chǎn)品

17.?communication?satellite?通信衛(wèi)星

18.?in?an?age?of?information?explosion?在一個信息爆炸的時代

19.?break?down?（系統(tǒng)）癱瘓

20.?launch?a?satellite?發(fā)射人造衛(wèi)星

Ⅲ.?靚句積累

1.?“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

With?the?rapid?development?of?science?and?technology，?a?variety?of?high?tech?products?has?drawn?the?attention?of?people?all?over?the?world，?with?which?it?is?more?convenient?for?people?to?use?the?network.?隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，各種高科技產(chǎn)品引起了世界各地人們的注意，有了這些產(chǎn)品，人們使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)就更加方便了。

2.?It?goes?without?saying?that...

It?goes?without?saying?that?modern?technology?brings?us?convenience?and?comfort?in?life.?不用說，現(xiàn)代科技給我們的生活帶來了便利和舒適。

3.?with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

Data?released?last?week?highlighted?the?rise?of?renewable?energy，?with?electricity?generation?from?clean?sources?doubling?since?2018.?上周公布的數(shù)據(jù)突顯了可再生能源的興起，清潔能源的發(fā)電量自2018年以來翻了一番。

4.?as引導(dǎo)狀語從句

Driverless?car?ownership?could?increase?as?the?prices?drop?and?more?people?become?comfortable?with?the?technology.隨著價格的下降和越來越多的人開始適應(yīng)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，無人駕駛汽車的擁有量可能會增加。

5.?過去分詞短語作定語

The?coming?technological?advancement?presents?a?chance?for?cities?to?develop?transportation?systems?designed?to?move?more?people?more?affordably.?即將到來的技術(shù)進(jìn)步為城市提供了一個發(fā)展交通系統(tǒng)的機(jī)會，旨在讓更多的人以更經(jīng)濟(jì)的方式出行。

二、續(xù)寫金句

1.?Most?developed?nations?have?become?dependent?on?digital?technology?simply?because?they?ve?grown?accustomed?to?it，?and?at?this?point?not?using?it?would?make?them?an?outsider.大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)變得依賴數(shù)字技術(shù)，這僅僅是因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)習(xí)慣了它，在這種情況下，不使用數(shù)字技術(shù)會使他們成為局外人。

2.?As?data?and?identity?theft?become?more?and?more?common，?the?market?is?growing?for?biometric?technologies—like?fingerprint?scans—to?keep?others?out?of?private?e?spaces.隨著數(shù)據(jù)和身份盜竊變得越來越普遍，生物識別技術(shù)（如指紋掃描）的市場正在增長，以防止其他人進(jìn)入私人電子空間。

3.?How?do?we?maintain?a?healthy?balance?in?our?use?of?technology?and?not?become?run?down?by?it？?First?of?all，?just?because?there?are?hundreds?of?items?on?the?market?geared?to?make?our?lives?easier?does?not?mean?we?have?to?use?them?all.?We?should?use?only?those?that?work?best?for?us.?Dealing?with?too?many?gadgets?can?be?confusing?and?time?consuming.我們?nèi)绾卧谑褂每萍嫉倪^程中保持健康的平衡，而不被科技所拖累呢？首先，僅僅因?yàn)槭袌錾嫌袛?shù)百種產(chǎn)品可以讓我們的生活更容易，并不意味著我們必須使用它們。我們應(yīng)該只使用那些對我們最有效的產(chǎn)品。應(yīng)對太多的產(chǎn)品會讓人感到困惑和消耗時間。

4.?Shortly，?all?of?us?are?going?to?use?our?voices?to?give?instructions?to?computers.?We?will?be?able?to?download?any?file?or?update?our?computers?just?by?saying?a?few?words.?不久，我們所有人都將用自己的聲音給電腦發(fā)出指令。只要說幾句話，我們就能夠下載任何文件或更新我們的電腦。

5.?Technology?is?a?tool.?It?is?worth?remembering?that?technology?is?only?a?tool?we?have?at?our?disposal.?We?can?t?escape?the?virtual?world?and?nor?should?we?try，?but?we?can?choose?to?use?it?more?intelligently.?技術(shù)是一種工具。值得記住的是，技術(shù)只是供我們使用的一種工具。我們無法逃避虛擬世界，也不應(yīng)該嘗試逃避，但我們可以選擇更明智地使用它。

三、主題測評

Ⅰ.?閱讀理解

體裁：說明文?篇幅：328詞?建議用時：7分鐘

來源：改編??????新穎度：★★★★?素養(yǎng)視角：研發(fā)機(jī)器人來幫助老年人自立

A?robot?created?by?Washington?State?University?（WSU）?scientists?could?help?elderly?people?with?dementia?（癡呆）?and?other?limitations?live?independently?in?their?own?homes.

The?Robot?Activity?Support?System，?or?RAS，?uses?sensors?installed?in?a?WSU?smart?home?to?determine?where?its?residents?are，?what?they?are?doing?and?when?they?need?assistance?with?daily?activities.?It?navigates?（導(dǎo)航）?through?rooms?and?around?obstacles?to?find?people?on?its?own，?provides?video?instructions?on?how?to?do?simple?tasks?and?can?even?lead?its?owner?to?objects?like?their?medication?or?a?snack?in?the?kitchen.

“RAS?combines?the?convenience?of?a?mobile?robot?with?the?activity?detection?technology?of?a?WSU?smart?home?to?provide?assistance?at?the?moment，?as?the?need?for?help?is?detected，”?said?Bryan?Minor，?a?postdoctoral?researcher?in?the?WSU?School?of?Electrical?Engineering?and?Computer?Science.

Currently，?an?estimated?50?percent?of?adults?over?the?age?of?85?need?assistance?with?everyday?activities?such?as?preparing?meals?and?taking?medication，?and?the?annual?cost?of?this?assistance?in?the?US?is?nearly?$2?trillion.?With?the?number?of?adults?over?85?expected?to?triple?by?2050，?researchers?hope?that?technologies?like?RAS?and?the?WSU?smart?home?will?relieve?some?of?the?financial?strain?on?the?healthcare?system?by?making?it?easier?for?older?adults?to?live?alone.

RAS?is?the?first?robot?that?researchers?have?tried?to?incorporate?into?their?smart?home?environment.?They?recently?published?a?study?in?the?journal?Cognitive?Systems?Research?that?demonstrates?how?RAS could?make?life?easier?for?older?adults?struggling?to?live?independently.

“While?we?are?still?in?an?early?stage?of?development，?our?initial?results?with?RAS?have?been?promising，”?Minor?said.?“The?next?step?in?the?research?will?be?to?test?RASs?performance?with?a?group?of?older?adults?to?get?a?better?idea?of?what?prompts，?video?reminders?and?other?preferences?they?have?regarding?the?robot.”

1.?How?does?RAS?serve?elderly?people？

A.?Through?sensors.

B.?Through?objects.

C.?Through?a?mobile?robot.

D.?Through?elderly?peoples?daily?activities.

2.?What?can?we?know?about?RAS？

A.?It?is?the?first?robot?used?in?daily?life.?B.?Its?function?remains?to?be?tested.

C.?It?can?locate?people?and?do?any?task.?D.?It?can?cook?for?owners?on?its?own.

3.?Whats?Minors?attitude?toward?the?future?of?RAS？

A.?Doubtful.?B.?Negative.?C.?Optimistic.?D.?Uncertain.

4.?What?can?be?a?suitable?title?for?the?text？

A.?Elderly?people?leave?the?nursing?home

B.?Smart?home?tests?first?eldercare?robot

C.?RAS，?the?first?robot?to?make?home?smart

D.?Older?adults?have?benefited?from?RAS

Ⅱ.?完形填空

體裁：記敘文?篇幅：317詞?建議用時：7分鐘

來源：改編?新穎度：★★★★?素養(yǎng)視角：定位技術(shù)救助森林中迷路的人

Rene?Compean?was?no?stranger?to?Angeles?National?Forest.?But?after?adventuring?along?a?new?path?last?April，?he?was?lost.

As?the?day?faded?into?dusk，?following?hours?of????1????wandering，?his?concern?turned?into?fear.?The?terrain?（地帶）?was?remote?and????2???.?Compean?was?unprepared?for?anything????3????the?twohour?journey?hed?planned.

Compean?climbed?to?a?spot，?some?7，000?feet?above?sea?level，?where?he?found?at?least?one?bar?of????4???.?“SOS.?My?phone?is?going?to?die.?Im?lost，”?he?texted?a?friend，?attaching?a?photo?showing????5????he?was.?The?shot?showed?his?legs?hanging?over?steep?rocks.?All?Compean?could?do?then?was?wait?and????6???.

Sixty?miles?away?in?Ventura?County，?Ben?Kuo?was?working?at?home?when?he?read?a?tweet?from?the?Los?Angeles?County?Sheriffs?Department，?showing?an?image?of?a?mans?legs.?The?Sheriffs?searchandrescue?teams?had?spent?the?previous?night????7????looking?for?Compean，?so?they????8????the?photo?to?the?public，?hoping?someone?might?know?the?location.

Kuo????9????looking?for?where?photos?are?taken.?When?he?saw?the?image?of?Compeans?legs?surrounded?by?rocks?and?greenery，?he?automatically?pulled?up?a?satellite?map?on?his?laptop.

After????10????the?greenery?with?the?satellite?map，?Kuo?realized?Compean?had?got?to?be?on?the?south?side?because?theres?not?really?any?green?valley?on?the?north?side.?That?finding????11????his?search，?leading?him?to?an?area?that????12????the?terrain?in?the?image.?He?crossreferenced?the?original?photo?with?3D?images?of?the?area?from?Google?Earth.?The?location????13???！?After?spending?27?hours?alone?in?the?wilderness，?Compean?was?saved！

Compeans?story?probably?would?have?ended?very????14????had?a?total?stranger?with?strong?satellite?skills?and?a?????15????eye?for?detail?not?taken?action.

1.?A.?accidental?B.?aimless?C.?awkward?D.?dynamic

2.?A.?rough?B.?familiar?C.?flat?D.?fragile

3.?A.?rather?than?B.?better?than??C.?more?than?D.?less?than

4.?A.?sign?B.?signature?C.?symbol?D.?signal

5.?A.?where?B.?how??C.?who??D.?what

6.?A.?call?B.?hide?C.?sleep??D.?hope

7.?A.?unsuccessfully???B.?passionately??C.?absolutely?D.?deliberately

8.?A.?developed?B.?released?C.?published?D.?advertised

9.?A.?denied??B.?considered??C.?risked??D.?loved

10.?A.?combining?B.?comparing?C.?connecting??D.?contacting

11.?A.?launched?B.?postponed??C.?narrowed??D.?concluded

12.?A.?resembled?B.?bordered?C.?followed?D.?submitted

13.?A.?responded?B.?matched?C.?appeared?D.?existed

14.?A.?differently?B.?fortunately?C.?surprisingly??D.?virtually

15.?A.?bright?B.?curious??C.?pure?D.?sharp

Ⅲ.?語法填空

體裁：說明文?篇幅：232詞?????建議用時：7分鐘

來源：改編?新穎度：★★★★???素養(yǎng)視角：空中出租車

The?idea?of?a?taxi?that?flies?over?a?traffic?jam?and drops?you?home?is?an?exciting?proposal.?It?appears?that?we?are?almost?there.

German?airtaxi?startup?Volocopter?will?build?its?first?1.?????????????（fly）?taxi?station?by?the?end?of?this?year?in?Singapore，?paving?the?way?for?major?changes?in?2.???????????????humans?will?commute?in?the?future.?These?air?taxis，?or?urban?air?mobility（UAM）?vehicles，?are?usually?3.??????????????（electrical）?powered?taxis?based?on?drone?（無人機(jī)）?technology?4.?????????????（design）?to?carry?two?people.?The?aim?of?the?technology?is?5.?????????????（save）?people?time?and?help?cities?transform?their?transportation?systems?toward?a?more?sustainable?future?by?adding?a?new?mobility?option?for?citizens.

Many?companies，?including?Uber，?6.?????????????（compete）?fiercely?in?this?space?now.?Chinese?automaker?Geely?led?a?round?of?investment?worth?50?million?euros?7.

will?help?the?startup?finance?its?commercialization?in?the?next?three?years.?Li?Shufu，?chairman?of?Geely?Holding，?said，?“Our?latest?work?8.??????????????Volocopter?builds?up?our?confidence?in?Volocopter?air?taxis?as?the?next?9.?????????????（ambition）?step?in?our?wider?expansion?in?both?electrification?and?new?mobility?services.”?“It?definitely?still?seems?to?be?unusual，?10.??????????????at?the?same?time?it?is?not?completely?unexpected，”?he?added.

Still，?practical?problems?remain?unsolved，?such?as?getting?the?goahead?from?regulators?and ensuring?the?trips?are?safe?as?many?taxis?will?be?flown?without?pilots.

Ⅳ.?書面表達(dá)

體裁：應(yīng)用文?命題形式：信件???????建議用時：20分鐘

文本來源：改編?新穎度：★★★★?素養(yǎng)視角：征文寫作與半開放性作文

假定你是李華，你校正在學(xué)生中征集意見，詢問學(xué)生是否贊成開設(shè)智能課堂（smart?classroom）。請你給校長寫一封信表達(dá)你的看法，要點(diǎn)如下：

1.?你的態(tài)度;

2.?你的理由;

3.?表達(dá)期待。

注意：

1.?詞數(shù)80左右;

2.?可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Dear?Headmaster，

Yours?sincerely，

Li?Hua