通過我的導(dǎo)師看兩會

文/龐 琳（美國） 譯/史聰一

在美國生活了19年后，如今我再次回到了中國這片熱土，時常聽到這樣一句話：“人民至上?！痹谥袊h和國家始終將人民利益擺在至關(guān)重要的位置。我的博士生導(dǎo)師陳霞在全國政協(xié)也牢記為民履職。她是中國社會科學(xué)院哲學(xué)研究所的研究員。除了日常教學(xué)及科研工作，她還身兼數(shù)職，擔(dān)任《哲學(xué)動態(tài)》與《中國哲學(xué)年鑒》的編輯部主任。此外，她還是聯(lián)合國教科文組織創(chuàng)立的國際哲學(xué)與人文科學(xué)理事會（CIPSH）執(zhí)行委員會成員（2020年至2023年），聯(lián)合國教科文組織絲綢之路青年研究基金科學(xué)顧問小組聯(lián)合主席，并在2022年至2023年度成為博古睿研究院中國中心（BICC）的博古睿學(xué)者。在哲學(xué)人文學(xué)科領(lǐng)域，陳霞研究員一直精進不已。

“Put the people first.” Since my return to China 19 years after residing in the United States,I have frequently heard this sentiment.It indicates that in China,people’s interests are the first priority for the Party and the state.My doctoral advisor,Professor Chen Xia,also remembered to carry out her duties for the people’s interest in the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).She is also a researcher at the Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.In addition to teaching and research,she occupies multiple positions,including editorial director ofPhilosophical TrendsandChinese Philosophical Almanack.Moreover,she is a member of the Executive Committee of the International Council of Philosophy and Human Sciences (CIPSH) (2020-2023),co-chair of the Scientific Advisory Group of the UNESCO Silk Road Youth Research Grant,and a Berggruen Fellow at the Berggruen Institute,China Centre (BICC) (2022-2023).In the field of philosophy and the humanities,she never ceases learning.

每當(dāng)春季來臨，中國人民總會以多種多樣的形式舉辦各種迎春活動，其中就包括盛大的慶典，以及充滿活力的舞龍舞獅等。在此期間，全國兩會也在北京召開。我的導(dǎo)師說：“政協(xié)委員要堅持履職為民，建言資政、凝聚共識，抓住涉及人民群眾切身利益的實際問題，發(fā)揮橋梁和紐帶作用?！闭f(xié)委員的一項重要工作是提交提案。一份體現(xiàn)民心民意的提案，一步步變?yōu)闆Q策參考和施政措施，體現(xiàn)了協(xié)商民主的重要價值。導(dǎo)師繼續(xù)說道：“在我國的政治制度中有選舉民主和協(xié)商民主兩種重要形式。人民政協(xié)作為社會主義協(xié)商民主的重要渠道和專門協(xié)商機構(gòu)，體現(xiàn)了有事好商量、眾人的事情由眾人商量，協(xié)商于決策之前和實施之中的協(xié)商民主的特點，是發(fā)展全過程人民民主的重要載體。協(xié)商民主的目的就是通過對話、商量，包容、吸納和協(xié)調(diào)各種民意訴求，使人民對公共事務(wù)有廣泛而有序的參與，追求的是使政府的決策和工作更好地順應(yīng)民意，讓眾多合理的訴求得到滿足?！?/p>

The Chinese celebrate the arrival of spring with a variety of spectacular activities,including opulent celebrations and lively dragon and lion dances.During this time,Beijing hosted the National Two Sessions.My advisor stated,“Members of the CPPCC take it seriously to adhere to fulfilling their responsibilities for the people,provide advice and suggestions,gather consensus,identify realistic issues that affect the vital interests of the people,and serve as bridges and ties.” Members of the CPPCC submitting proposals are their significant duties.Once selected,a proposal that reflects public opinion will progressively become a reference for decision-making and a governance measure,reflecting the importance of consultative democracy.The researcher continued,“China’s political system contains two significant forms of electoral democracy and consultative democracy.As a significant channel and special consultative body of socialist consultative democracy,the CPPCC plays a crucial role in the development of socialist democracy,which has the characteristics of consultative democracy with the principles of everything being subject to consultation for the people,everything being open to consultation by the people,and consultation occurring prior to and during the implementation of decisions.Through dialogue,consultation,inclusiveness,assimilation,and coordination of diverse public opinions and pursuits,consultative democracy aims to achieve widespread and orderly participation of the people in public affairs.Its ultimate objective is for government decisions to better reflect public opinion and to fulfil more reasonable public desires.”

根據(jù)中國網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視臺（CNTV）的數(shù)據(jù)，僅今年兩會就收到人大代表建議8000多件，政協(xié)委員提案5000多件。這組數(shù)字充分說明人大代表和政協(xié)委員積極參政議政。他們不僅對相關(guān)的政事具有很高的參與度，還積極履行自身義務(wù)。在同陳霞研究員的交談過程中，我對她2018年以來的提案進行了跟蹤與梳理，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己從中學(xué)到了許多東西，受益匪淺。

自2018年成為全國政協(xié)委員以來，陳霞研究員就不斷思考如何更好地履職。作為一名社科界的委員，她很關(guān)心哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)的發(fā)展。她2018年提交了《發(fā)展審辯思維，提升民族創(chuàng)新能力》的提案。2019年她提交了《為我國哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)設(shè)立國家級獎勵與榮譽的建議》的提案，強調(diào)在現(xiàn)代國家的建設(shè)中應(yīng)將人文和科技的并重。我們不僅要為新時代培養(yǎng)科學(xué)家、工程師、企業(yè)家，也要培養(yǎng)為中華民族偉大復(fù)興增加動力的哲學(xué)家和思想家。為新中國建設(shè)、改革開放、新時代中國特色社會主義建設(shè)進行探索的哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)工作者也應(yīng)該受到重視，并得到與自然科學(xué)家同等的榮譽。

According to CNTV’s data,more than 8,000 suggestions from the Chinese People’s Congress (CPC) and more than 5,000 proposals from the CPPCC have been submitted to the Two Sessions this year alone.The data demonstrates conclusively that they are eager to participate in and discuss politics.In addition to a high level of participation in pertinent political affairs,they also actively fulfil their responsibilities.During this conversation with Researcher Chen Xia,I tracked and categorized her proposals from 2018 and discovered that I have gained a great deal of knowledge from them,which has greatly enhanced my understanding of China.

Since being a member of CPPCC in 2018,Chen has cont i nuously pondered how to bet ter car r y out her responsibilities.As a representative of the social science community,she has a particular interest in the evolution of the philosophy and social science disciplines.She submitted a follow-up proposal in 2018 titled “Developing Critical Thinking and Enhancing National Innovation Capacity”.She submitted the “Proposal for Establishing National Awards and Honors for Philosophy and Social Sciences in China”in 2019 which she argues that the fundamental principle of natural sciences and human sciences should be reflected in the balanced emphasis placed on the development of humanity and technology.We must not only need scientists,engineers,and entrepreneurs for the new era,but also philosophers and intellectuals who contribute to the great rejuvenation in the new era.In the new era,philosophers and social scientists who investigate the construction of China,reforming and opening up,and the construction and design of socialism with Chinese characteristics should be accorded the same respect as natural scientists.

她表示，在儒家文化思想中，素以“修身、齊家、治國、平天下”而聞名于世；而在道家文化中，則崇尚“修之于身，其德乃真……修之于天下，其德乃普”。因此，無論是儒家思想還是道家思想都希望建立和諧有序且能釋放創(chuàng)造性的社會。但傳統(tǒng)文化今天需要創(chuàng)造性轉(zhuǎn)化和創(chuàng)新性發(fā)展，用好國內(nèi)國際兩種資源，以海納百川的寬闊胸襟，吸收借鑒人類一切優(yōu)秀文明成果。

今年，陳霞研究員貢獻了題為《推廣現(xiàn)代邏輯教育、提升科技創(chuàng)新能力、構(gòu)建自主知識體系》的提案。她說，在黨的二十大報告中，明確提出要加強基礎(chǔ)研究。邏輯學(xué)作為論證科學(xué)，是知識體系的基礎(chǔ)，也是所有科學(xué)知識體系得以建立和完善的論證工具。人類只要思考就離不開邏輯，審辯思維的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也是邏輯。正是基于此，聯(lián)合國教科文組織將邏輯學(xué)列為七大基礎(chǔ)性學(xué)科之一，并從2019年起，將每年的1月14日定為“世界邏輯日”，旨在展現(xiàn)邏輯學(xué)在思維與生活中的關(guān)鍵性地位。隨后，陳霞研究員繼續(xù)說道，當(dāng)前中國發(fā)展勢頭迅猛，其中高科技發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用，今天的高科技則是由邏輯思維與創(chuàng)新所支撐；因此，我們需要大量具有邏輯思維能力的教師與學(xué)生。從長遠(yuǎn)來看，無論是我們作為國家的一分子，還是人類命運共同體的一員，都將不斷面臨各種挑戰(zhàn)，而邏輯思維能力，將成為推動人類社會前進的基礎(chǔ)性力量。

She stated that in Confucianism,it is known for “cultivating one’s character,regulating the family,governing the nation,and levelling the world”.In Daoist culture,it advocates “Cultivate it in your person,and the character you develop will be genuine…Cultivate it in the world,and its character will be allpervading.” Therefore,both Confucianism and Daoism seek to establish a society that is both harmonious and orderly,and which fosters innovation.Nevertheless,traditional culture demands creative transformation and innovative development in the present day.We need both domestic and international resources,just as why the rivers and seas can be king over the valeys is that they are good at staying lower than the valeys,and possessing a dynamic and expansive intellect,he drew upon all of the outstanding achievements of human civilizations.

This year,Chen contributed a proposal titled“Promoting Education on Modern Logics,Enhancing Scientific and Technological Innovation Capacity,and Constructing an Independent Knowledge System”.She informed me that the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposes enhancing fundamental research.With systems of scientific measures of analyzing and demonstrating,logic is the basis of the knowledge system and a tool and metric for establishing enhanced scientific knowledge systems.As long as they engage in the act of thinking,humans cannot escape logic.Moreover,logic is the standard for critical thinking.In light of this,UNESCO has designated logic as one of the seven core academic disciplines.In addition,since 2019,UNESCO has designated January 14th as “World Logic Day” in an effort to promote the position of logic in every day and academic activities.Chen continues,by stating that high technology plays a crucial role,which is supported by logical reasoning and innovation at its foundation.Fostering innovation and creativity requires a large number of teachers and students well-versed in critical thinking skills that incorporate logic.Eventually,critical thinking skills will be the basic force that propels society forward,given the challenges facing our nation and the human species as a whole.

在履職過程中，陳霞研究員也非常關(guān)注與每個人息息相關(guān)的“生老病死”方面的民生問題。在這方面建言獻策體現(xiàn)了道家先賢老子在2500多年前所提出的觀點：“貴以身為天下，若可寄天下；愛以身為天下，若可托天下。”因此，陳霞研究員2021年提交了《構(gòu)建生育支持體系 促進經(jīng)濟社會持續(xù)發(fā)展的建議》，提出制定合理的以家庭為單位的家庭生育假，包括女性的產(chǎn)假、男性的陪產(chǎn)假以及“生產(chǎn)”和“撫育”階段夫妻共享的育兒假，舉全社會之力，共同降低生育成本，構(gòu)建“生育友好型社會”。中國已經(jīng)進入并將長期處于老齡社會。2020年她提交了《加強政府主導(dǎo)、培育社會力量——應(yīng)對老齡社會的幾點建議》的提案，建議建立集中統(tǒng)一、職責(zé)清晰的老齡事務(wù)部，整合各類資源，激發(fā)、培育、引導(dǎo)各類社會力量，共同參與承擔(dān)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的社會責(zé)任，緩解養(yǎng)老問題對社會造成的壓力，并建議將九九重陽節(jié)定為法定的敬老節(jié)，全國放假一天。2022年，她的提案是《關(guān)于殯葬改革與制定〈離世法〉的建議》，希望實現(xiàn)對人生所有重要環(huán)節(jié)的關(guān)心。陳霞研究員平靜而堅定，其訴說方式別具一格，她說人是“向死而生”的存在，死生事大，關(guān)系到每個人。我們不僅要把“生”的事情安排好，讓人有尊嚴(yán)地活，也要把“死”的后事辦好，讓人有尊嚴(yán)地離世，這就需要基本公共服務(wù)體系涵蓋人的整個生命周期。她本人時刻牢記那句古老的至理名言：道不遠(yuǎn)人。她關(guān)注到了社會的種種需求，而這些需求不僅存在于老年人之中，還涉及年輕群體。她發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于很多新市民、青年人來說，租房是開啟城市生活的“第一站”。安居才能樂業(yè)，如何讓更多奉獻在大城市的人實現(xiàn)“萬家燈火，終有一盞是歸處”，推動美好租住，她提出滿足新市民便捷租房、安心租住的需求，塑造更加清朗的住房租賃市場環(huán)境，構(gòu)建更加和諧穩(wěn)定的租賃關(guān)系。

對于導(dǎo)師，我常懷著一種發(fā)自肺腑的感激之情，她如同廣袤夜空中閃耀的一顆恒星，永遠(yuǎn)是我的榜樣。在全國兩會上，陳霞研究員積極地建言獻策，也展示了一位樂于奉獻的快樂工作者的形象：她為人民履職，為社會貢獻自己的一份力量。陳霞教授不僅是一位愛讀書、勤思考的楷模，還是一位為人民利益而奔走呼號的優(yōu)秀榜樣。需要向她學(xué)習(xí)的東西實在太多了，我會再接再厲，努力學(xué)習(xí)。

During the course of her duties,Chen observed that the most fundamental livelihood issues known to the Chinese as birth,aging,illness,death issues that are intertwined with every individual’s existence.In this regard,she offered advice as the Daoist sage Laozi did over 2500 years ago: “Those who value the care of their own persons more than the running of the world can be put in charge of the world.And those who begrugde the persons as though they were the world can be entrusted with the world.” Therefore,in 2021,Researcher Chen Xia,submitted the “Proposal for Building a Maternity Support System to Promote Sustainable Economic and Social Development” with the following recommendations: It is imperative to develop childbirth-friendly Maternity Leave policies,including maternity leave for women,paternity leave for men,and parental leave shared by couples during “childbirth”and various “nurturing-childrearing” stages.To reduce the cost of childrearing and establish a “childbearingfriendly society,” the collective efforts of all members of society must be coordinated.China has entered an ageing society that will persist for decades.In 2020,she submitted a proposal titled “Strengthening Government Leadership and Cultivating Social Forces—Several Suggestions for Responding to an Ageing Society”,proposing the establishment of a centralized,unified,and clearly defined Ministry of Ageing Affairs,integrating various resources,stimulating,nurturing,and guiding various social forces,jointly participating in the social responsibility of providing elderly care services,and relieving the pressure on the healthcare system.In addition,she suggested that Double Ninth Festival be designated as a national holiday for the elderly,with one day off for the entire nation.“Suggestions on Funeral System Reform and the Law for the Dead” was the title of her 2022 proposal.Fostering the realization of a concern for all significant periods of life.Chen Xia,a researcher,is composed and resolute;she speaks in a distinctive manner,asserting that death and life are important issues that affect everyone.We must not only help people live decently as well as people can die with dignity.This necessitates that the fundamental public service system covers the entire life cycle of individuals.She is constantly reminded of the ancient Daoist proverb,“The Dao is never far from people”.She has also paid attention to various social requirements that not only affect the elderly but also the younger generation as a whole.For many newly migrated city-dwellers and young people,renting a home is the “first step” in settling into urban life,according to her research.We all hope to live and work in peace and contentment.How can we let more city-dwellers to enjoy a nice home and promote better rental experiences and policies? She proposed meeting the requirements of new city-dwellers for convenient and secure rental housing,creating a more transparent housing environment for the rental market,and establishing more stable and harmonious rental relationships.

I felt profound gratitude towards my adviser.What a shining example! Her participation in the Two Sessions has provided us with a vivid portrait of a hard-working,community-minded individual who is always searching for a case-specific solution.She is a shining example of someone who enjoys reading and thinking,is constantly learning,and works for the benefit of others.There is so much to learn,and I will continue to do so.