2022年4月18日，中國(guó)的國(guó)家植物園在北京揭牌，3個(gè)月后，華南國(guó)家植物園在廣州揭牌。中國(guó)的國(guó)家植物園建設(shè)從1954年首次提出到2021年國(guó)務(wù)院批復(fù)同意，歷時(shí)近70年。世界植物園的發(fā)展史，是一部人類(lèi)加深認(rèn)識(shí)植物、利用植物和保護(hù)植物的歷史。目前有40多個(gè)國(guó)家設(shè)立了國(guó)家（皇家）植物園，特別是在生物多樣性豐富的發(fā)展中國(guó)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)比較發(fā)達(dá)的歐美國(guó)家。相比之下，中國(guó)的國(guó)家植物園體系建設(shè)剛剛起步。2021年10月，在UN Biodiversity Conference COP15峰會(huì)上，習(xí)近平主席宣布啟動(dòng)國(guó)家植物園體系建設(shè)。2022年，國(guó)家林草局、住建部、中科院聯(lián)合編制了《國(guó)家植物園體系建設(shè)規(guī)劃（2022 - 2035年）》，在已設(shè)立兩個(gè)國(guó)家植物園的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合考慮國(guó)家重大戰(zhàn)略、主要?dú)夂蝾?lèi)型與典型植被區(qū)劃特點(diǎn)等因素，對(duì)國(guó)家植物園體系建設(shè)進(jìn)行空間布局。

弗農(nóng)·希爾頓·海伍德（Vernon Heywood）教授認(rèn)為，中國(guó)的上林苑（公元前138年）是植物園的鼻祖。國(guó)際植物園協(xié)會(huì)將“一個(gè)向公眾開(kāi)放的、其內(nèi)的植物掛有標(biāo)牌的園地”作為對(duì)植物園的定義；國(guó)際植物保護(hù)組織（Botanic Gardens Conservation International，BGCI）對(duì)植物園的定義是“擁有活植物收集區(qū)，并對(duì)收集區(qū)內(nèi)的植物進(jìn)行記錄管理，使之用于科學(xué)研究、保護(hù)、展示和教育的機(jī)構(gòu)”。植物園定義的逐漸明晰，進(jìn)一步表征了其功能屬性，即不僅是生物多樣性保護(hù)的基地，也是戰(zhàn)略植物資源的儲(chǔ)備庫(kù)，同時(shí)兼顧植物科學(xué)傳播的重要平臺(tái)。圍繞人文與自然、資源與保護(hù)、系統(tǒng)與專(zhuān)類(lèi)、外貌與內(nèi)涵等方面進(jìn)行自主創(chuàng)新，是國(guó)家植物園的建設(shè)目標(biāo)。國(guó)際上，常常把植物園建設(shè)水平看作是一個(gè)國(guó)家植物遷地保護(hù)水平的重要標(biāo)志?，F(xiàn)代意義的中國(guó)植物園建設(shè)也會(huì)以列入世界遺產(chǎn)的邱園、科斯滕布什國(guó)家植物園、基督城植物園、新加坡植物園等為標(biāo)桿，在頂層布局規(guī)劃、園區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)、科學(xué)普及、游覽服務(wù)、運(yùn)營(yíng)管理、科學(xué)研究及國(guó)際交流各方面積極推進(jìn)，開(kāi)展國(guó)家植物園體系建設(shè)，以更好地應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化、推進(jìn)雙碳實(shí)踐、助力公園城市建設(shè)，從而向中國(guó)特色、世界一流、萬(wàn)物和諧的目標(biāo)不斷邁進(jìn)。

本期專(zhuān)題“植物園規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)”，圍繞國(guó)內(nèi)外植物園的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)、分類(lèi)規(guī)劃、選址布局、科學(xué)管護(hù)而展開(kāi)研討。厘清了基于植物分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)、產(chǎn)地、功能、服務(wù)對(duì)象、生境類(lèi)型的5類(lèi)植物專(zhuān)類(lèi)園，及其在類(lèi)型劃分、主題選擇、植物配置、發(fā)展模式方面的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)；剖析了知名國(guó)家植物園選址布局涉及的自然環(huán)境、人文環(huán)境、交通情況、未來(lái)發(fā)展空間，并基于城市、水資源、地貌、科研、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力等因素為國(guó)家植物園選址布局提供參考；針對(duì)氣溫上升、熱帶氣旋、干旱洪澇三類(lèi)當(dāng)前全球面臨的氣候挑戰(zhàn)，探討了國(guó)外歷史植物園的應(yīng)對(duì)管理措施，提出國(guó)內(nèi)植物園的科學(xué)可持續(xù)管理路徑；分析了亨廷頓植物園、埃及植物園、巴基斯坦植物園等各具地域特征的植物園的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)及對(duì)中國(guó)國(guó)家植物園體系建設(shè)的借鑒價(jià)值。

主編

2023年8月8日

Promoting the System Construction of National Botanical Garden with High Quality

On April 18, 2022, China’s National Botanical Garden was inaugurated in Beijing, and three months later, the South China National Botanical Garden was inaugurated in Guangzhou.The construction of China’s national botanical gardens has taken nearly 70 years, from its first proposal in 1954 to the State Council’s approval in 2021.The history of the development of botanical gardens in the world is a history of mankind’s deepening understanding of plants, utilization of plants and protection of plants.At present, more than 40 countries have set up national (royal) botanical gardens, especially in developing countries rich in biodiversity and in Europe and the United States, where the economy is more developed.In contrast, the construction of China’s national botanical garden system has just begun.In October 2021, at the UN Biodiversity Conference COP15 summit, President Xi Jinping announced the launch of the construction of a national botanical garden system.In 2022, the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, the Ministry of Housing and Construction,and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) jointly prepared theNationalBotanical GardenSystemConstructionPlan(2022-2035), which provides a spatial layout for the construction of the national botanical garden system based on the two national botanical gardens that have already been set up, and taking into account the factors such as the major national strategies, and the characteristics of major climatic types and typical vegetation zoning.

Prof.Vernon Heywood considers that the Shanglin Garden in China (138 BC) is the originator of botanical gardens.The International Association of Botanical Gardens defines a botanical garden as “A garden open to the public and in which the plants are labeled”; the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) defines a botanic garden as “An organization that maintains a collection of living plants and manages the records of the plants in the collection for scientific research, conservation, display,and education”.The gradual clarification of the definition of botanical gardens further characterizes their functional attributes, i.e., not only as a base for biodiversity conservation, but also as a reserve of strategic plant resources, taking into account an important platform for the dissemination of plant sciences.It is the goal of the National Botanical Gardens to carry out independent innovations centering on humanities and nature, resources and conservation, systems and specialties, and appearance and connotation.Internationally, the level of botanical garden construction is often regarded as an important symbol of a country’s level of plant relocation and conservation.The construction of Chinese botanical gardens in the modern sense will also take Kew Gardens, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Christchurch Botanical Gardens and Singapore Botanical Gardens, which are listed in the World Heritage List, as a benchmark, and will actively promote the construction of a national botanical garden system by actively advancing in the planning of the top-level layout, park design,popularization of science, excursion services, operation and management, scientific research, and international exchanges, so as to better cope with climate change and promote the practice of dual-carbon, To help the construction of park city, so as to move forward to the goal of Chinese characteristics, world-class, and harmony of all things.

This Topic of this issue “Botanical Garden Planning and Design”, focuses on the development of botanical gardens, classification and planning, site selection and layout, and scientific management and care at home and abroad.Based on the plant classification system, origin, function, service object and habitat type, the five types of botanical gardens and their planning and design focuses on type division, theme selection, plant configuration and development mode were clarified; The natural environment, humanistic environment, transportation and future development space involved in the site layout of the famous national botanical gardens were analyzed,and reference for the site layout of national botanical gardens was provided based on the factors of cities, water resources, geomorphology, scientific research and economic strength, etc.; For the site layout of the famous national botanical gardens, the planning of the national botanical gardens was discussed.Factors such as city, water resources, landscape, scientific research, economic strength, etc.were analyzed to provide references for the site layout of national botanical gardens.The development of Huntington Botanical Garden, Egyptian Botanical Garden, Pakistani Botanical Garden and other botanical gardens with regional characteristics and their reference value to China’s national botanical gardens were analyzed.

Editor-in-Chief

August 8th, 2023