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      血漿膽汁酸在肝腫瘤中的差異分析及應(yīng)用價(jià)值

      2024-12-31 00:00:00賈茹張平平袁苑胡義揚(yáng)馮琴
      臨床肝膽病雜志 2024年10期
      關(guān)鍵詞:肝腫瘤

      摘要:目的分析原發(fā)性肝癌與轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者血漿膽汁酸水平及其與臨床指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性,并評(píng)估其聯(lián)合AFP對(duì)于原發(fā)性肝癌的診斷價(jià)值。方法納入2020年8月—2021年9月于上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬曙光醫(yī)院就診且具有組織病理學(xué)及影像學(xué)明確的75例原發(fā)性肝癌患者及79例轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者,采集外周血并分別分離血清及血漿,比色法及色譜法檢測(cè)生化指標(biāo),電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析法檢測(cè)腫瘤標(biāo)志物水平,高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法檢測(cè)膽汁酸含量。符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料兩組間比較采用成組t檢驗(yàn),不符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料兩組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)。相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)采用Spearman相關(guān)分析。臨床診斷效能采用受試者工作特征曲線(ROC曲線)評(píng)估。結(jié)果原發(fā)性肝癌組患者TC、TG、LDL-C及載脂蛋白(Apo)B顯著低于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌組患者,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(U值分別為1 598、1 255、909、889,P值均lt;0.05)。原發(fā)性肝癌組患者AFP顯著高于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌組患者,癌胚抗原(CEA)顯著低于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌組患者,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(U值分別為1 873、926,P值均lt;0.05)。原發(fā)性肝癌組患者總膽汁酸(TBA)、膽酸(CA)、鵝脫氧膽酸(CDCA)、熊脫氧膽酸(UDCA)、?;悄懰幔═CA)、牛磺鵝脫氧膽酸(TCDCA)、甘氨膽酸(GCA)、甘氨鵝脫氧膽酸(GCDCA)、?;切苊撗跄懰幔═UDCA)、甘氨熊脫氧膽酸(GUDCA)均顯著高于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者,脫氧膽酸(DCA)顯著低于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均lt;0.05)。總?cè)巳褐蠺BA、CDCA、GCA、GCDCA、GUDCA、TCA、TCDCA及TUDCA含量與AFP水平呈顯著正相關(guān)(P值均lt;0.05)。原發(fā)性肝癌患者中GCA、TCA、TCDCA及TUDCA含量與AFP水平呈顯著正相關(guān)(P值均lt;0.05)。AFP+TCA+GCA+TCDCA聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的AUC為0.822(95%CI:0.746~0.898,Plt;0.000 1),效能最高。結(jié)論原發(fā)性肝癌與轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者血漿膽汁酸含量具有顯著差異,差異性膽汁酸與肝損傷及AFP升高密切相關(guān),聯(lián)合AFP對(duì)原發(fā)性肝癌具有更優(yōu)的臨床診斷價(jià)值。

      關(guān)鍵詞:膽汁酸類(lèi)和鹽類(lèi);肝腫瘤;腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移

      基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(82104619);上海市衛(wèi)健委衛(wèi)生行業(yè)臨床研究專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(20214Y0455);上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)預(yù)算內(nèi)項(xiàng)目(2021LK105)

      Differences and application value of plasma bile acids in tumors of the liver

      JIA Ru1a,ZHANG Pingping1a,YUAN Yuan2a,HU Yiyang2b,3,4,F(xiàn)ENG Qin1b,2b,3,4.(1.a.Department of Oncology,b.Technical Experimental Center,Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China;2.a.School of Integrative Medicine,b.Institute of Liver Diseases,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China;3.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China;4.Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201203,China)

      Corresponding author:FENG Qin,fengqin@shutcm.edu.cn(ORCID:0000-0002-4641-1636)

      Abstract:Objective To investigate the levels of plasma bile acids(BA)in patients with primary liver cancer(PLC)or metastatic liver cancer(MLC)and their correlation with clinical indicators,as well as the value of plasma BAs combined with alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)in the diagnosis of PLC.Methods This study was conducted among 75 patients with PLC and 79 patientswith MLC who attended Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2020 to September 2021 and had a confirmed diagnosis based on histopathological and imaging findings.Peripheral blood samples were collected from all patients,and serum and plasma were separated.Colorimetry and chromatography were used to measure biochemical parameters;electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to measure the levels of tumor markers;liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure the content of BA.The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data,and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data;the Spearman’s coefficient was used for correlation analysis;the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate clinical diagnostic efficacy.Results The PLC group had significantly lower levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and apolipoprotein B than the MLC group(U=1 598,1 255,909,and 889,all Plt;0.05).Compared with the MLC group,the PLC group had a significantly higher level of AFP and a significantly lower level of carcinoembryonic antigen(U=1 873 and 926,both Plt;0.05).Compared with the MLC group,the PLC group had significantly higher levels of TBA,CA,CDCA,UDCA,TCA,TCDCA,GCA,GCDCA,TUDCA,and GUDCA and a significantly lower level of DCA(all Plt;0.05).In the total population,the levels of TBA,CDCA,GCA,GCDCA,GUDCA,TCA,TCDCA,and TUDCA were significantly positively correlated with the level of AFP(all Plt;0.05).In the patients with PLC,the levels of GCA,TCA,TCDCA,and TUDCA were significantly positively correlated with the level of AFP(all Plt;0.05).Combined measurement of AFP+TCA+GCA+TCDCA had an area under the ROC curve of 0.822(95%confidence interval:0.746—0.898,Plt;0.000 1),suggesting that it had the highest diagnostic efficacy.Conclusion There are significant differences in the levels of plasma BA between the patients with PLC and those with MLC,and the differentially expressed BAs are closely associated with liver function impairment and the increase in AFP.BAs combined with AFP has a better clinical value in the diagnosis of PLC.

      Key words:Bile Acids and Salts;Liver Neoplasms;Neoplasm Metastasis

      Research funding:National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104619);Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Health Industry Clinical Research Project(20214Y0455);Project under Budget of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2021LK105)

      膽汁酸是膽固醇分解代謝的主要產(chǎn)物,研究[1]顯示膽汁酸在維持生理功能、代謝穩(wěn)態(tài)等多方面發(fā)揮作用,其代謝分布異常與糖尿?。?]、非酒精性脂肪性肝?。?]、阿爾茲海默病[4]及消化道腫瘤[5]等多種疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。膽固醇在肝臟中通過(guò)經(jīng)典途徑和替代途徑分別分解代謝生成初級(jí)膽汁酸,隨膽汁進(jìn)入腸道,在菌群作用下經(jīng)生物轉(zhuǎn)化生成次級(jí)膽汁酸,大部分膽汁酸在位于回腸的膽汁酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體的作用下重吸收,形成“肝-腸循環(huán)”。研究[6-7]顯示初級(jí)和次級(jí)膽汁酸可以多途徑地影響肝癌病程。同時(shí),臨床研究顯示膽汁酸在健康人群中具有鑒別肝癌的能力,且在鑒別肝癌與肝硬化[8]、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎[9]、病毒性肝炎[10]等其他肝臟疾病中具有一定的臨床價(jià)值。同時(shí),膽汁酸還在肝癌疾病進(jìn)程中具有預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[8]。轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌是發(fā)生在肝臟的繼發(fā)性腫瘤病灶,肝臟是大腸癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌等多種腫瘤最常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)移部位,也常是多發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移部位的晚期腫瘤患者最先診斷的病灶[11],當(dāng)原發(fā)灶發(fā)病隱匿或受解剖位置影響不便活檢時(shí),對(duì)原發(fā)性肝癌與轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌的鑒別是臨床診療過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。目前,膽汁酸代謝在原發(fā)性肝癌與轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌之間是否有差異,其異常代謝是否可以對(duì)兩者有效區(qū)分,尚缺乏臨床數(shù)據(jù)。因此,本研究以原發(fā)性肝癌及轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者為研究對(duì)象,分析兩組患者的血漿膽汁酸譜特征,篩選差異性代謝物并探討其臨床意義。

      1資料與方法

      1.1研究對(duì)象選取2020年8月—2021年9月于上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬曙光醫(yī)院就診且具有病理組織學(xué)及影像學(xué)明確的原發(fā)性肝癌患者及轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者。原發(fā)性肝癌患者屬于原發(fā)性肝癌組,大腸癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移患者屬于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌組。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)原發(fā)灶通過(guò)病理組織學(xué)確診為肝癌或大腸癌;(2)轉(zhuǎn)移灶通過(guò)至少一個(gè)影像學(xué)診斷,或具有病理檢查診斷;(3)Karnofsky功能狀態(tài)(Karnofsky performance status)評(píng)分≥80分,預(yù)計(jì)生存期均gt;3個(gè)月。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并HAV、HCV等嗜肝病毒感染或自身免疫、酒精、藥物等肝硬化患者;(2)合并潰瘍型性腸炎、免疫性腸炎及其他自身免疫疾病患者;(3)既往有除原發(fā)性肝癌及轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌以外的其他惡性腫瘤病史或合并其他惡性腫瘤患者;(4)妊娠或哺乳期女性;(5)合并不易控制的精神類(lèi)疾病,無(wú)法配合收集病史及樣本采集,或臨床資料不全者。

      1.2研究方法

      1.2.1樣本采集囑采集對(duì)象20∶00后禁食禁水,第二天采集晨起空腹肘靜脈血,分離血清及血漿,用于臨床生化指標(biāo)、腫瘤標(biāo)志物及膽汁酸檢測(cè)。處理后樣本于?80℃冰箱凍存。

      1.2.2生化指標(biāo)檢測(cè)ALT、AST、TBil、血糖(GLU)、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、載脂蛋白(Apo)A1及ApoB采用Beckman全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢測(cè)。糖化血紅蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin type A1C,HbA1c)采用高壓液相色譜法檢測(cè)。

      1.2.3腫瘤標(biāo)志物檢測(cè)AFP、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖類(lèi)抗原(CA)19-9及CA125采用電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析法檢測(cè),購(gòu)自羅氏及雅培公司。

      1.2.4膽汁酸檢測(cè)總膽汁酸(total bile acid,TBA)、膽酸(cholicacid,CA)、鵝脫氧膽酸(chenodeoxycholicacid,CDCA)、脫氧膽酸(deoxycholic acid,DCA)、熊脫氧膽酸(ursodeoxycholic acid,UDCA)、石膽酸(lithocholic acid,LCA)、牛磺膽酸(taurocholic acid,TCA)、?;蛆Z脫氧膽酸(taurochenodeoxycholic acid,TCDCA)、甘氨膽酸(glycocholic acid,GCA)、甘氨鵝脫氧膽酸(glycochenodeoxycholic acid,GCDCA)、牛磺脫氧膽酸(taurodeoxycholic acid,TDCA)、牛磺熊脫氧膽酸(tauroursodeoxycholic acid,TUDCA)、?;鞘懰幔╰aurolithocholic acid,TLCA)、甘氨脫氧膽酸(glycodeoxycholic acid,GDCA)、甘氨熊脫氧膽酸(glycoursodeoxycholic acid,GUDCA)及甘氨石膽酸(glycolithocholic acid,GLCA)采用高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法檢測(cè),購(gòu)自SCIEX公司。

      1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS 27.0、MedCalc 22.018軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,采用GraphPad Prism 9.5.1軟件繪圖。正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn)采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料符合正態(tài)分布采用±s表示,兩組間比較采用成組t檢驗(yàn);不符合正態(tài)分布以M(P25~P75)表示,兩組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)。評(píng)估兩變量的相關(guān)系數(shù)采用Spearman相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)。指標(biāo)診斷分析采用受試者工作特征曲線(ROC曲線)繪制。Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2結(jié)果

      2.1兩組患者一般情況比較本研究共納入154例患者。原發(fā)性肝癌組共納入75例,其中男54例,女21例;平均年齡65.93歲,年齡范圍31~85歲;肝細(xì)胞癌61例,膽管細(xì)胞癌14例;CNLC分期Ⅱ期30例,Ⅲ期45例。轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌組共納入79例,其中男53例,女26例;平均年齡61.48歲,年齡范圍30~82歲;結(jié)腸癌48例,直腸癌31例,病理類(lèi)型均為腺癌;TNM分期均為Ⅳ期。

      2.2兩組患者生化指標(biāo)水平比較選取指標(biāo)包括肝功能、糖代謝及脂代謝相關(guān)指標(biāo)。兩組患者ALT、AST、TBil、GLU、HbA1c、HDL-C及ApoA1組間比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均gt;0.05),轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者的TC、TG、LDL-C及ApoB較原發(fā)性肝癌患者顯著升高(P值均lt;0.05)(表1)。

      2.3兩組患者腫瘤標(biāo)志物水平比較選取指標(biāo)以消化道腫瘤相關(guān)指標(biāo)為主。原發(fā)性肝癌患者AFP水平顯著高于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者(Plt;0.05),轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者CEA水平顯著高于原發(fā)性肝癌患者(Plt;0.05),兩組間在CA19-9、CA125比較時(shí)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均gt;0.05)(表2)。

      2.4兩組患者血漿膽汁酸含量比較共檢測(cè)血漿中15種膽汁酸含量。原發(fā)性肝癌患者血漿TBA含量顯著高于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者(Plt;0.05)。比較兩組患者結(jié)合型膽汁酸含量,原發(fā)性肝癌患者TCA、TCDCA、GCA、GCDCA、TUDCA、GUDCA顯著高于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者(P值均lt;0.05)。在游離型膽汁酸中,原發(fā)性肝癌患者CA、CDCA、UDCA顯著高于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者(P值均lt;0.05),而DCA顯著低于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者(Plt;0.05)。兩組間在LCA、TDCA、TLCA、GDCA、GLCA含量比較時(shí)差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均gt;0.05)(表3)。

      2.5差異性膽汁酸的臨床相關(guān)性分析以2.4節(jié)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩組間差異膽汁酸為研究對(duì)象。在總?cè)巳褐校颊哐獫{TBA、GCA、GCDCA、TCA、TCDCA及TUDCA含量與ALT、AST及TBil水平呈顯著正相關(guān)(P值均lt;0.05),CDCA、UDCA及GUDCA含量與TBil水平呈顯著正相關(guān)(P值均lt;0.05);TBA、CDCA、GCA、GCDCA、GUDCA、TCA、TCDCA及TUDCA含量與AFP水平呈顯著正相關(guān)(P值均lt;0.05),DCA含量與AFP水平呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(Plt;0.05),TBA、CDCA、UDCA及GUDCA含量與CEA水平呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P值均lt;0.05)(圖1)。在原發(fā)性肝癌患者人群中,患者血漿TBA、GCA、TCA及TCDCA含量與AST及TBil水平呈顯著正相關(guān)(P值均lt;0.05),GCDCA含量與AST水平呈顯著正相關(guān)(Plt;0.05),UDCA、GUDCA及TUDCA含量與TBil水平呈顯著正相關(guān)(P值均lt;0.05);GCA、TCA、TCDCA及TUDCA含量與AFP水平呈顯著正相關(guān)(P值均lt;0.05);DCA含量與TBil水平呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(Plt;0.05)(圖2)。

      2.6 AFP聯(lián)合血漿膽汁酸區(qū)分原發(fā)性肝癌的臨床價(jià)值選取2.5節(jié)中與臨床指標(biāo)顯著相關(guān)的血漿膽汁酸,聯(lián)合AFP構(gòu)建Logistic回歸模型,并采用ROC曲線分析單項(xiàng)及聯(lián)合指標(biāo)對(duì)原發(fā)性肝癌的區(qū)分能力。結(jié)果顯示AFP單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的ROC曲線下面積(AUC)為0.680(95%CI:0.593~0.767,P=0.000 1),AFP+TBA聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的AUC為0.783(95%CI:0.694~0.874,Plt;0.000 1),AFP+TCA+GCA+TCDCA聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的AUC為0.822(95%CI:0.746~0.898,Plt;0.000 1),區(qū)分效能優(yōu)于AFP單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)(圖3)。

      3討論

      膽汁酸的合成和排泄是脂肪和膽固醇代謝的主要途徑,其代謝異常與肥胖、糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病等多種代謝性疾病密切相關(guān)[12]。同時(shí),膽汁酸還可作為信號(hào)分子,與多種組織中的多種受體結(jié)合,進(jìn)而激活下游信號(hào)通路,發(fā)揮生理功能[13]。近年來(lái),越來(lái)越多研究關(guān)注到了膽汁酸的異常代謝與惡性腫瘤的密切關(guān)系。研究提示,膽汁酸通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡[14]、介導(dǎo)腫瘤免疫[15]、激活相關(guān)信號(hào)通路[16]、調(diào)控腫瘤微環(huán)境[17]等多途徑影響肝腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展。肝細(xì)胞癌患者血漿膽汁酸的含量及組成與健康志愿者及肝硬化等疾病均存在差異,且具有臨床診斷潛力[18-19]。但原發(fā)性肝癌與轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌的膽汁酸差異及區(qū)分效能的相關(guān)研究目前較少,擬通過(guò)本項(xiàng)研究提供一定臨床證據(jù)支持。

      本研究首先比較了兩組患者的生化指標(biāo),兩組患者在肝功能(ALT、AST、TBil)及糖代謝(GLU、HbA1c)相關(guān)指標(biāo)上差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示兩組患者一般情況相似。在脂代謝相關(guān)指標(biāo)中,轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌組患者TC、TG與LDL-C較原發(fā)性肝癌組顯著升高,這可能與兩類(lèi)疾病的常見(jiàn)誘因相關(guān)。目前認(rèn)為,在我國(guó)HBV感染、黃曲霉毒素?cái)z入等仍是原發(fā)性肝癌發(fā)生的重要原因[20]。在病毒性肝炎感染方面,與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家肝癌患者血清中抗HCV高流行率不同,HCV感染不是我國(guó)肝癌發(fā)生的主要原因[21]。而大腸癌的發(fā)病與地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)、飲食習(xí)慣、生活方式和環(huán)境因素等密切相關(guān),其中高脂、低纖維飲食習(xí)慣是重要的危險(xiǎn)因素[22]。另外,肝臟作為大腸癌最容易發(fā)生遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移且通常是唯一受累的靶器官,脂肪肝增加了肝轉(zhuǎn)移的發(fā)生及進(jìn)展風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[23]。

      在腫瘤標(biāo)志物的比較中,原發(fā)性肝癌組AFP顯著高于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌組,AFP是診斷原發(fā)性肝癌的特異性標(biāo)志物。而轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌組CEA顯著高于原發(fā)性肝癌組,CEA是腸癌診斷時(shí)敏感度與特異度較好的一項(xiàng)腫瘤標(biāo)志物。兩組CA19-9、CA125指標(biāo)差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      在本項(xiàng)研究中,發(fā)現(xiàn)與轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者相比,原發(fā)性肝癌患者血漿膽汁酸含量及組分發(fā)生了明顯的變化。肝臟代謝及腸道菌群的生物修飾是膽汁酸代謝合成的兩大途徑,兩者對(duì)機(jī)體膽汁酸譜的構(gòu)成具有同樣重要的影響,原發(fā)性肝癌與腸癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移患者的肝臟環(huán)境及腸道微生態(tài)環(huán)境的巨大差異,可能是他們TBA含量明顯差異的主要原因。原發(fā)性肝癌患者血漿TBA、CA、CDCA、UDCA、TCA、TCDCA、GCA、GCDCA、TUDCA、GUDCA均顯著高于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌患者(P值均lt;0.05)。Luo等[19]發(fā)現(xiàn)肝細(xì)胞癌患者血漿GCA、TCA、TCDCA、TDCA均較健康組顯著升高,Xiao等[24]發(fā)現(xiàn)肝癌患者血漿GCA、GDCA、GCDCA均高于健康對(duì)照組,支持本研究的結(jié)果。同時(shí),相較于轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌組,原發(fā)性肝癌組患者血漿DCA顯著降低(Plt;0.05),這可能與本研究中轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌原發(fā)灶均為大腸癌密切相關(guān)。研究提示大腸癌血漿及糞便DCA水平顯著升高[25],高脂飲食誘導(dǎo)的腸道DCA升高促進(jìn)大腸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展[26]。相較于原發(fā)性肝癌組,在轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌組也觀察到了血脂代謝的異常,提示腸癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移的發(fā)生與血脂代謝異常及血漿DCA升高三者之間的密切聯(lián)系。

      進(jìn)一步的相關(guān)性分析顯示,上述篩選的差異性膽酸與肝功能異常呈正相關(guān)(Plt;0.05),膽汁酸的生成依賴(lài)肝臟的生理功能,肝損傷與膽汁酸代謝異常是相互促進(jìn)的循環(huán)過(guò)程。在總?cè)巳褐信c原發(fā)性肝癌人群中觀察到了異常的膽汁酸與AFP的升高呈顯著正相關(guān),提示膽汁酸異常代謝與腫瘤疾病進(jìn)程密切相關(guān)。Chen等[27]提出血漿GCA、GCDCA含量與肝癌病情進(jìn)展密切相關(guān),在肝癌病程進(jìn)展評(píng)估上具有較好的潛力。單獨(dú)應(yīng)用AFP對(duì)原發(fā)性肝癌及轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌進(jìn)行區(qū)分時(shí),AFP的AUC為0.680(95%CI:0.593~0.767,P=0.000 1),提示AFP可以較好地對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行區(qū)分。使用TBA與AFP聯(lián)合時(shí),AFP+TBA的AUC為0.783(95%CI:0.694~0.874,Plt;0.000 1)。采用上述差異性膽酸聯(lián)合分析時(shí),AFP+TCA+GCA+TCDCA聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的AUC為0.822(95%CI:0.746~0.898,Plt;0.000 1),提示血漿膽汁酸聯(lián)合AFP可以提高對(duì)原發(fā)性肝癌與轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌的區(qū)分效能,具有一定的臨床應(yīng)用潛力。除了肝臟代謝外,腸道菌群的生物修飾在膽汁酸的合成代謝中起重要作用[28],有關(guān)研究需要進(jìn)一步嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)呐R床研究設(shè)計(jì),更多樣本類(lèi)型、更多病種、更大樣本的數(shù)據(jù)分析需要被納入。除此之外,在健康人群中鑒別原發(fā)性肝癌時(shí),甲胎蛋白異質(zhì)體、異常凝血酶原、GPC3等被用于與AFP聯(lián)合診斷。同時(shí),許多研究再次基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步探索AFP單項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)一步聯(lián)合其他外周血標(biāo)志物,如:血清殼多糖酶3樣蛋白1[29]、GNB4和Riplet基因甲基化檢測(cè)[30]、微RNA[31]等,可提高AFP單項(xiàng)或聯(lián)合甲胎蛋白異質(zhì)體等的檢測(cè)效能,膽汁酸與以上指標(biāo)的聯(lián)合檢測(cè)效力也值得進(jìn)一步探討。

      綜上所述,原發(fā)性肝癌與轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌血漿膽汁酸含量及組成有明顯差異,血漿差異性膽汁酸與肝功能及AFP呈正相關(guān),AFP聯(lián)合TBA具有潛在區(qū)分原發(fā)性肝癌與轉(zhuǎn)移性肝癌的鑒別價(jià)值,對(duì)于臨床診斷具有一定應(yīng)用潛力。

      倫理學(xué)聲明:本研究方案經(jīng)由上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬曙光醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審批,批號(hào):2020-831-38-01。

      利益沖突聲明:本文不存在任何利益沖突。

      作者貢獻(xiàn)聲明:賈茹負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),樣本采集,數(shù)據(jù)分析及論文撰寫(xiě);張平平、袁苑負(fù)責(zé)樣本采集及數(shù)據(jù)分析;胡義揚(yáng)負(fù)責(zé)指導(dǎo)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì);馮琴負(fù)責(zé)指導(dǎo)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)及論文撰寫(xiě)并最終定稿。

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      收稿日期:2024-01-24;錄用日期:2024-04-15

      本文編輯:王亞南

      引證本文:JIA R, ZHANG PP, YUAN Y, et al. Differences and application value of plasma bile acids in tumors of the liver [J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2024, 40(10): 2042-2048.

      賈茹, 張平平, 袁苑, 等 . 血漿膽汁酸在肝腫瘤中的差異分析及應(yīng) 用價(jià)值[J]. 臨床肝膽病雜志, 2024, 40(10): 2042-2048.

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