系動(dòng)詞的分類與用法

李國(guó)勤

系動(dòng)詞亦稱連系動(dòng)詞（Link Verb），作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，后面必須跟表語(yǔ)（亦稱補(bǔ)語(yǔ)），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。

說(shuō)明：

有些系動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí)，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，例如：

He felt ill yesterday.

他昨天病了。（felt是系動(dòng)詞，后跟表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況。）

He fell off the ladder.

他從梯子上摔了下來(lái)。(fell是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。)

1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞

用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：

He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。（is與表語(yǔ)一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份。）

2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞

用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep， remain， stay， lie， stand。例如：

He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。

3）表像系動(dòng)詞

用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有seem， appear， look。例如：

He looks tired. 他看起來(lái)很累。

He seems （to be）very sad. 他看起來(lái)很傷心。

4）感官系動(dòng)詞

感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel， smell， sound， taste。例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。

This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來(lái)很香。

5）變化系動(dòng)詞

這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become， grow，turn， fall， get， go， come， run。例如：

He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她沒(méi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就富了。

6）終止系動(dòng)詞

表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove，turn out，表示“證實(shí)”，“變成”之意。例如：

The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查證實(shí)很難。

His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果）

（一）選擇填空：

1. My brother ____ a teacher. He ____ his pupils very much.

A. is, like B. is, likes C. are, likes D. are, like

2. A: How many days ____ there in a week?

B: There ____ seven.

A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is

3. I ____ tired last night.

A. became B. felt C. looked D. am

4. Her face ____ pale（蒼白） when she heard the bad news.

A. got B. is C. turned D. was

5. You ____ pale. Whats wrong with you?

A. turn B. seem C. look D. become

6. The boy ____ ill today.

A. are B. is C. be D. am

7. Which ____ bigger, the sun or the moon?

A. are B. is C. be D. ×

8. Neither she nor I ____ a doctor.

A. am not B. am C. are D. is

9. I ____ a worker next year.

A. am B. will be C. be D. will

10. Her voice ____ like my mothers.

A. sounds B. sound C. looks D. look

11. It often rains and the crops ____ fast.

A. get B. turn C. grow D. become

12. A: How are you ____ now?

B: Much better, thank you.

A. getting B. feeling C. making D. turning

13. The teachers smile made me ____ better.

A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt

14. My English teacher ____.

A. all look young B. looks young

C. look young D. all looks young

15. I ____ busy now, but I ____ free next week.

A. am, am B. am, will C. am, will be D. being, will be

16. I ____ at this school next month.

A. am B. will be C. is D. was

17. My brother ____ in the League now.

A. are B. were C. was D. is

18. Come to my office if you ____ free tomorrow.

A. are B. will be C. was D. is

19. If water ____ heated, it will be ____ into vapor （蒸氣）.

A. was, turned B. is, turned C. is, get D. was, got

20. If you dont take back what you just said, Mother ____ angry.

A. is B. will be C. get D. feels

21. Neither of us ____ a doctor.

A. am B. are C. is D. were

22. He ____ a famous writer.

A. turns B. become C. is D. are

23. The girls face ____ red.

A. turned B. get C. feel D. look

24. He ____ very glad.

A. look B. turned C. feel D. looks