廖文江 劉賢升 閆亞紅 歐陽君
【應(yīng)用研究】
超聲乳化聯(lián)合小梁切除術(shù)治療急性閉角型青光眼合并年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障的療效分析
廖文江 劉賢升 閆亞紅 歐陽君
超聲乳化;白內(nèi)障;急性閉角型青光眼;人工晶狀體;小梁切除術(shù)
目的 評估超聲乳化人工晶狀體植入聯(lián)合小梁切除術(shù)治療急性閉角型青光眼合并年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障的療效。方法 回顧性分析2012年1月至2013年12月于我院住院治療的急性閉角型青光眼合并年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障患者54例(56眼)的臨床資料,根據(jù)手術(shù)方式不同分為2組,A組行超聲乳化人工晶狀體植入聯(lián)合小梁切除術(shù),B組行超聲乳化吸出人工晶狀體植入術(shù),分析兩組術(shù)前及術(shù)后2個月視力、眼壓、前房深度、前房角寬度改善情況及并發(fā)癥情況等。結(jié)果 2組術(shù)后視力較術(shù)前均不同程度提高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05);2組患者術(shù)后視力組間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.132,P=0.716)。2組術(shù)前眼壓分別為(23.15±2.47)mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)、(23.94±3.07)mmHg,術(shù)后眼壓分別為(14.95±1.86)mmHg、(13.72±2.41)mmHg,2組術(shù)前眼壓差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.061,P=0.294);2組術(shù)后眼壓較術(shù)前均不同程度降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05);2組患者術(shù)后眼壓組間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.910,P=0.062)。2組術(shù)后前房深度及前房角寬度較術(shù)前均不同程度增加,差異均有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.001);2組患者術(shù)后前房深度及前房角寬度比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.300、0.924,P=0.199、0.359)。兩組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.383,P=0.036)。結(jié)論 超聲乳化人工晶狀體植入聯(lián)合小梁切除術(shù)治療急性閉角型青光眼合并年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障療效確切,并發(fā)癥少,可作為優(yōu)先選擇的手術(shù)方式。
[眼科新進(jìn)展,2014,34(12):1184-1186]
合并年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障的急性閉角型青光眼是目前臨床較常見的疾病類型,晶狀體因素在發(fā)病過程中具有重要的意義[1]。目前關(guān)于該病手術(shù)方式的選擇仍存在爭議,包括單純抗青光眼手術(shù)、單純白內(nèi)障手術(shù)、青光眼白內(nèi)障聯(lián)合手術(shù)等[2]。我院采用超聲乳化術(shù)聯(lián)合小梁切除術(shù)治療急性閉角型青光眼合并年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障,取得了較好的療效,本研究回顧性分析了該手術(shù)術(shù)后病情改善及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況,并與單純超聲乳化人工晶狀體植入術(shù)相比較,評估該手術(shù)的療效,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1 一般資料 回顧性分析2012年1月至2013年12月于我院住院治療的的急性閉角型青光眼合并年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障患者54例(56眼)的臨床資料,其中男28例(30眼),女26例(26眼),左眼27眼,右眼29眼,年齡60~78(65.5±6.7)歲。排除其他類型白內(nèi)障以及房角粘連>270°者,無合并影響該手術(shù)的其他眼部病變及全身性疾病。按照手術(shù)方式的不同,將患者分為2組,一組行超聲乳化吸出人工晶狀體植入聯(lián)合小梁切除術(shù)(A組),其中男14例(16眼),女14例(14眼),年齡60~75(64.2±7.2)歲;另一組行超聲乳化吸出人工晶狀體植入術(shù)(B組),其中男14例(14眼),女12例(12眼),年齡62~78(66.1±6.4)歲;兩組患者性別比例及年齡比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 手術(shù)方法 超聲乳化吸出人工晶狀體植入術(shù):患者仰臥位,常規(guī)消毒鋪無菌巾后,復(fù)方托吡卡胺滴眼液散瞳,愛爾卡因液表面麻醉術(shù)眼后,于角膜緣顳側(cè)作長約3 mm弧形切口,前房內(nèi)注入透明質(zhì)酸鈉,常規(guī)環(huán)形撕囊,水分離,超聲乳化晶狀體核及皮質(zhì),I/A吸除剩余皮質(zhì)部分,然后向前房內(nèi)再次注入少量透明質(zhì)酸鈉撐開房角,植入人工晶狀體于囊袋內(nèi),吸出透明質(zhì)酸鈉,水閉切口,手術(shù)結(jié)束。超聲乳化吸出人工晶狀體植入+小梁切除術(shù):在上述手術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,于角膜緣上方作結(jié)膜瓣并翻轉(zhuǎn)暴露鞏膜,再作以角膜緣為基底的鞏膜瓣,翻轉(zhuǎn)鞏膜瓣切除小梁組織。術(shù)后均給予妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液減輕炎癥反應(yīng),復(fù)方托吡卡胺滴眼液每天一次滴眼活動瞳孔。
1.3 觀察項(xiàng)目 術(shù)后隨訪3~9個月,平均6個月。觀察比較兩組術(shù)前及術(shù)后2個月的視力、眼壓、前房深度、前房角寬度等指標(biāo)及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。視力采用國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)視力表檢測,術(shù)前檢測降低眼壓、基本恢復(fù)角膜透明度后的矯正視力;采用Goldmann壓平眼壓計(jì)測量眼壓,連續(xù)測量3次,取平均值;采用超聲生物顯微鏡檢查房角深度及前房角寬度。
2.1 視力 2組術(shù)前視力比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.286,P=0.593);2組術(shù)后視力較術(shù)前均不同程度提高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05);2組患者術(shù)后視力組間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.132,P=0.716,見表1)。
表1 2組手術(shù)前后視力比較Table 1 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative visual acuity between two groups (eye)
2.2 眼壓 2組術(shù)前眼壓比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.061,P=0.294);2組術(shù)后眼壓較術(shù)前均不同程度降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05);2組患者術(shù)后眼壓組間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.910,P=0.062,見表2)。
表2 2組手術(shù)前后眼壓比較Table 2 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure between two groups (P/mmHg)
Note:1 kPa=7.5 mmHg
2.3 前房深度及前房角寬度 2組術(shù)前前房深度及前房角寬度比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.950、0.964,P=0.346、0.339);2組術(shù)后前房深度及前房角寬度較術(shù)前均不同程度增加,差異均有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.001);2組患者術(shù)后前房深度及前房角寬度組間比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.300、0.924,P=0.199、0.359,見表3)。
表3 2組手術(shù)前后前房深度及前房角寬度比較Table 3 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative anterior chamber depth and angle width between two groups (l/mm)
2.4 并發(fā)癥 A組術(shù)后出現(xiàn)一過性眼壓增高1眼,角膜水腫1眼;B組術(shù)后出現(xiàn)后囊膜撕裂1眼,切口滲血2眼,角膜水腫1眼,前房積血2眼,黃斑水腫1眼;兩組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.383,P=0.036)。
青光眼合并白內(nèi)障好發(fā)于高齡老年人,發(fā)生率較高,因高齡老年人機(jī)體衰老多病,行動不便,常合并全身疾病,對于手術(shù)治療,患者常常不能很好耐受,且手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大,因此致盲率極高。對于青光眼合并白內(nèi)障患者,常規(guī)單純行抗青光眼手術(shù),術(shù)后視力難以提高,且隨著白內(nèi)障病情的加重,晶狀體進(jìn)一步膨脹,視力會出現(xiàn)急劇下降,甚至可能發(fā)生惡性青光眼,出現(xiàn)術(shù)后淺前房、高眼壓等情況;若行二次白內(nèi)障手術(shù)又將面臨手術(shù)切口重新選擇,手術(shù)難度加大、經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)加重等問題[3-4],因此在行抗青光眼手術(shù)的同時(shí)行白內(nèi)障超聲乳化術(shù)就成為治療青光眼合并白內(nèi)障患者的一個切實(shí)可行的方法。
對于急性閉角型青光眼合并年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障,晶狀體因素在發(fā)病過程中具有重要作用。瞳孔阻滯是發(fā)生閉角型青光眼的最主要原因,而晶狀體是引起瞳孔阻滯的主要原因。隨年齡增長和(或)白內(nèi)障的發(fā)展,晶狀體逐步增大并緊貼于瞳孔緣,致使虹膜與晶狀體之間形成瞳孔阻滯,后房壓力高于前房,同時(shí)角膜鞏膜彈性減弱,對壓力的驟變失代償,因而周邊虹膜被推向前,虹膜膨隆閉塞前房角,房水引流障礙致使眼壓增高[5-6]。超聲乳化術(shù)聯(lián)合小梁切除術(shù)有良好的相輔相成作用,具有重要的臨床意義:(1)解除了晶狀體因素在閉角型青光眼的作用,虹膜變平坦,前房加深,開放了前房角;(2)術(shù)中前房內(nèi)使用黏彈劑,增加了前房內(nèi)壓力,同時(shí)能造成對前房角的分離作用;(3)超聲的振蕩和眼內(nèi)灌注的湍流沖擊效應(yīng)使原本開放的及術(shù)后重新開放的前房角小梁內(nèi)的糖氨多糖溶解,小梁網(wǎng)孔增大,誘導(dǎo)小梁網(wǎng)細(xì)胞分裂和增強(qiáng)小梁細(xì)胞的吞噬功能,小梁網(wǎng)通透性增大,房水流出易度提高;(4)對于單純應(yīng)用超聲乳化術(shù)不能完全開放房角、控制眼壓的患者,聯(lián)合小梁切除術(shù)可增加外引流,起到輔助降低眼壓的作用[7-8]。
本研究術(shù)前兩組患者基線資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05),兩組術(shù)后眼壓較術(shù)前有不同程度下降,視力有不同程度的提高,前房深度及前房角寬度均有顯著提高,證實(shí)該兩種手術(shù)方案都能顯著地改善急性閉角型青光眼合并年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障患者的臨床癥狀。同時(shí)研究表明,兩組術(shù)后眼壓、視力、前房深度及前房角寬度差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,說明兩種手術(shù)方案在改善癥狀方面具有等同的效果。但B組較A組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),證實(shí)超聲乳化人工晶狀體植入聯(lián)合小梁切除術(shù)較超聲乳化人工晶狀體植入術(shù)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低,是更為安全的手術(shù)方式,這一結(jié)論與國外很多研究相一致[9-10]。
綜上所述,超聲乳化人工晶狀體植入聯(lián)合小梁切除術(shù)治療急性閉角型青光眼合并年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障療效確切,并發(fā)癥少,可作為優(yōu)先選擇的手術(shù)方式。
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date:Jun 28,2014
Accepted date:Sep 28,2014
From theDepartmentofOphthalmology,theFirstPeople’sHospitalofJiujiangCity,Jiujiang332000,JiangxiProvince,China
Clinical efficacy of phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy for acute angle-closure glaucoma with age-related cataract
LIAO Wen-Jiang,LIU Xian-Sheng,YAN Ya-Hong,OU-YANG Jun
phacoemulsification;cataract;acute angle-closure glaucoma;intraocular lens;trabeculectomy
Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy for acute angle-closure glaucoma with age-related cataract.Methods Fifty-four patients (56 eyes)with acute angle-closure glaucoma and age-related cataract in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2013 were chosen,and according to the surgical methods,the patients were divided into two groups,28 eyes were performed with phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy (group A),when the other 28 eyes were performed with phacoemulsification plus intraocular lens implantation(group B).The preoperative and postoperative visual acuity,intraocular pressure,anterior chamber depth,anterior chamber angle width and complications of patients in two groups were compared.Results The postoperative visual acuity in two groups were all increased,there were statistical differences (allP<0.05),while there was no statistical difference in postoperative visual acuity between two groups (χ2=0.132,P=0.716).The preoperative intraocular pressure of group A and B were (23.15±2.47)mmHg (1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)and (23.94±3.07)mmHg,respectively,while the postoperative intraocular pressure were (14.95±1.86)mmHg and (13.72±2.41)mmHg,respectively,there was no statistical difference in preoperative intraocular pressure between two groups(t=1.061,P=0.294),and the differences found between the preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure of two groups (allP<0.05),but no difference was found between two groups (t=1.910,P=0.062).The postoperative anterior chamber depth and angle width were all increased,there were significant differences (allP<0.001),but no difference was found between two groups (t=1.300,0.924;P=0.199,0.359).There was no statistical difference in complication between two groups (χ2=4.383,P=0.036).Conclusion Phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy for acute angle-closure glaucoma with age-related cataract has good clinical efficacy with less complications,and can be used as the preferred choice.
廖文江,劉賢升,閆亞紅,歐陽君.超聲乳化聯(lián)合小梁切除術(shù)治療急性閉角型青光眼合并年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障的療效分析[J].眼科新進(jìn)展,2014,34(12):1184-1186.
10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0329
廖文江,女,1973年7月出生,副主任醫(yī)師。聯(lián)系電話:13879259277;E-mail:lwj1973@163.com
About LIAO Wen-Jiang:Female,born in July,1973.Associate chief physician.Tel:13879259277;E-mail:lwj1973@163.com
2014-06-28
修回日期:2014-09-28
本文編輯:周志新
332000 江西省九江市,九江市第一人民醫(yī)院眼科
[Rec Adv Ophthalmol,2014,34(12):1184-1186]