楊 梅
(河北省遵化市人民醫(yī)院,河北 遵化 064200)
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PAR-2和COX-2在不同類型胃食管反流病患者病變組織中表達(dá)及與患者血清炎性因子水平關(guān)系
楊 梅
(河北省遵化市人民醫(yī)院,河北 遵化 064200)
目的 探討蛋白酶激活受體-2(PAR-2)和環(huán)氧合酶-2(COX-2)在不同類型胃食管反流病(GERD)患者病變組織中表達(dá)及與患者血清炎性因子水平的關(guān)系。方法 選取GERD患者127例,其中糜爛性食管炎組41例,Barrett食管組43例,非糜爛性反流病組43例,另選取同期內(nèi)鏡檢查正常者40例作為對(duì)照組,應(yīng)用RT-PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)各組食管組織中PAR-2 mRNA和COX-2 mRNA表達(dá)情況,利用ELISA法檢測(cè)血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平,利用Pearson相關(guān)分析對(duì)變量間相關(guān)關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果 各患者組病變組織中PAR-2 mRNA和COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量均明顯高于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05),Barrett食管組和糜爛性食管炎組病變組織中PAR-2 mRNA和COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量均明顯高于非糜爛性反流病組(P均<0.05),且Barrett食管組病變組織中COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量高于糜爛性食管炎組(P<0.05)。各患者組血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05),Barrett食管組和糜爛性食管炎組血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平均明顯高于非糜爛性反流病組(P均<0.05),且Barrett食管組血清IL-8水平明顯高于糜爛性食管炎組(P<0.05)。Pearson相關(guān)分析顯示,GERD患者病變組織中PAR-2 mRNA和COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量均與血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平呈正相關(guān)。結(jié)論 PAR-2和COX-2在GERD患者病變組織中呈高表達(dá),且與患者血清炎性因子水平呈正相關(guān),提示炎性反應(yīng)可能參與了GERD的發(fā)生及發(fā)展過(guò)程。
胃食管反流??;蛋白酶激活受體-2;環(huán)氧合酶-2;炎性因子
胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)是消化內(nèi)科常見(jiàn)的多發(fā)病,近年發(fā)病率呈上升趨勢(shì),可引起一系列并發(fā)癥,給患者生活質(zhì)量造成不良影響[1]。臨床上一般將GERD分為糜爛性食管炎、Barrett食管和非糜爛性反流病3種類型[2]。GERD病因多樣,發(fā)病機(jī)制較為復(fù)雜,且不同類型的病理學(xué)表現(xiàn)、發(fā)病機(jī)制及治療方式等均不盡相同,因此,有必要進(jìn)一步對(duì)GERD發(fā)生機(jī)制進(jìn)行探討以指導(dǎo)臨床治療。研究表明,炎性遞質(zhì)在膽汁或胃酸參與的食管黏膜損傷中發(fā)揮重要作用[3]。蛋白酶激活受體-2(PAR-2)是跨膜G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體,可促進(jìn)炎性因子釋放,在多種炎癥性疾病發(fā)生及進(jìn)展中發(fā)揮重要作用[4];環(huán)氧合酶-2(COX-2)是前列腺素E2合成的限速酶,在組織炎性反應(yīng)及細(xì)胞增殖分化中發(fā)揮重要作用[5]。本研究利用RT-PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)PAR-2 mRNA和COX-2 mRNA在不同類型GERD患者病變組織中的表達(dá)情況,探討二者與患者血清中炎性因子間的關(guān)系,以期為GERD機(jī)制研究及臨床治療提供基礎(chǔ)資料。
1.1 一般資料 選取2014年7月—2015年8月在我院就診的GERD患者127例,男76例,女51例;年齡28~73(48.9±12.4)歲;均經(jīng)胃鏡、24 h食管pH監(jiān)測(cè)及質(zhì)子泵抑制劑(PPI)試驗(yàn)檢查確診,排除消化道出血、消化性潰瘍、消化道手術(shù)史者,食管癌等其他原因所致食管病變者,合并有高血壓、糖尿病、惡性腫瘤等慢性病者,就診前7 d使用糖皮質(zhì)激素、胃黏膜保護(hù)劑、PPI抑酸劑、膽汁吸附劑、促胃腸動(dòng)力等藥物者。按GERD不同分型分為糜爛性食管炎組41例,Barrett食管組43例,非糜爛性反流病組43例。另選取同期在我院體檢中心鏡檢查正常者40例作為對(duì)照組,均排除消化道疾患,其中男22例,女18例;年齡(47.7±11.9)歲。入選者性別、年齡比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05)。本研究通過(guò)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者均知情同意。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 標(biāo)本采集 所有入選者均行電子內(nèi)鏡系統(tǒng)(購(gòu)自日本Olympus公司)檢查,在檢查過(guò)程中留取組織,糜爛性食管炎和Barrett食管患者取病變處組織,非糜爛性反流病患者和對(duì)照組取食管鱗-柱狀上皮交界處上方2 cm處組織,取出后迅速保存于-70 ℃液氮中備檢。
1.2.2 組織中PAR-2 mRNA和COX-2 mRNA表達(dá)檢測(cè)采用RT-PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)。取組織標(biāo)本,研磨后,加入細(xì)胞裂解液進(jìn)行裂解,利用Trizol總RNA提取試劑盒(購(gòu)自美國(guó)Invitrogen公司)對(duì)總RNA進(jìn)行提取,并檢測(cè)樣本純度,取A260/A280≥1.80標(biāo)本作為合格樣品。利用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(購(gòu)自大連Takara公司)進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄,獲得模板單鏈cDNA,以cDNA為模板進(jìn)行PCR。PAR-2引物:上游為5’-AGAAGCCTTATTGGTAAGGTT-3’,下游為5’-AACATCATGACAGGTCGTGAT-3’;COX-2引物:上游為5’-TGCTGTACAAGCAGTGGCAA-3’,下游為5’-GCAGCCATTTCCTTCTCTCC-3’;GAPDH引物:上游為5’-GAAGGTGAAGGTCGGAGTC-3’,下游為5’-GAAGATGGTGATGGGATTTC-3’。PCR反應(yīng)條件:94 ℃ 1 min,92 ℃ 30 s,56 ℃ 30 s,74 ℃ 30 s,連續(xù)進(jìn)行38次循環(huán)。每個(gè)樣本均設(shè)置3個(gè)平行樣品。用2-△△Ct法對(duì)組織中PAR-2 mRNA和COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量進(jìn)行計(jì)算。
1.2.3 血清炎性因子水平檢測(cè) 抽取所有入選者晨起空腹靜脈血5 mL,于3 500 r/min離心后,保存于-30 ℃冰箱以備檢。利用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA法)檢測(cè)血清白細(xì)胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-8和腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,試劑盒均購(gòu)自上海基免生物技術(shù)有限公司,均按照試劑盒說(shuō)明完成操作。
2.1 各組PAR-2 mRNA和COX-2 mRNA表達(dá)情況 各患者組病變組織中PAR-2 mRNA和COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量均明顯高于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05),Barrett食管組和糜爛性食管炎組病變組織中PAR-2 mRNA和COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量均明顯高于非糜爛性反流病組(P均<0.05),且Barrett食管組病變組織中COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量明顯高于糜爛性食管炎組(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
表1 各組 PAR-2 mRNA和COX-2 mRNA表達(dá)情況
注:①與對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05;②與非糜爛性反流病組比較,P<0.05;③與糜爛性食管炎組比較,P<0.05。
2.2 各組血清炎性因子水平比較 各患者組血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05),Barrett食管組和糜爛性食管炎組血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平均明顯高于非糜爛性反流病組(P均<0.05),且Barrett食管組血清IL-8水平顯著高于糜爛性食管炎組(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
表2 各組血清炎性因子水平比較±s,pg/mL)
注:①與對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05;②與非糜爛性反流病組比較,P<0.05;③與糜爛性食管炎組比較,P<0.05。
2.3 GERD患者病變組織中PAR-2和COX-2表達(dá)與血清炎性因子水平相關(guān)性 Pearson相關(guān)分析顯示,GERD患者病變組織中PAR-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量和COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量均與血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.735,0.652,0.793,0.615;r=0.812,0.795,0.841,0.634;P均<0.05)。
GERD作為消化系統(tǒng)常見(jiàn)病,不僅可引起患者胃部不適、燒心等不適,而且可導(dǎo)致食管黏膜損傷以及食管以外咽喉、氣道等組織炎性損害[6],其中Barrett食管有進(jìn)展為腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[7]。傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,反流進(jìn)入食管的胃十二指腸內(nèi)容物對(duì)食管黏膜的化學(xué)損傷作用導(dǎo)致GERD的發(fā)生[8]。但該假說(shuō)并不能得到動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的支持[9],且非糜爛性反流病作為GERD主要類型,在內(nèi)鏡下并未發(fā)現(xiàn)食管黏膜損傷,卻出現(xiàn)了與GERD相同的病理改變[10]。近年來(lái),細(xì)胞因子介導(dǎo)食管上皮免疫炎性反應(yīng)導(dǎo)致GERD的假說(shuō)逐漸得到認(rèn)可[11]。PAR-2廣泛存在于消化道,在炎癥、免疫、應(yīng)激等病理過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用[12]。本研究顯示,不同類型GERD患者病變組織中PAR-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量均高于對(duì)照組,Barrett食管和糜爛性食管炎患者病變組織中PAR-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量均高于非糜爛性反流病患者,說(shuō)明PAR-2在GERD病變組織中出現(xiàn)表達(dá)異常,可能參與了該病發(fā)生過(guò)程,且與組織病變嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān)。
COX-2作為炎性反應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵性因子,高表達(dá)可通過(guò)調(diào)控前列腺素合成而抑制機(jī)體免疫功能,能夠加重組織損傷,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞異常增殖發(fā)生,亦被認(rèn)為是早期癌變事件[13]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,不同類型GERD患者病變組織中COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量均高于對(duì)照組,Barrett食管和糜爛性食管炎患者病變組織中COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量均高于非糜爛性反流病患者,且Barrett食管患者病變組織中COX-2 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量高于糜爛性食管炎患者,說(shuō)明COX-2在GERD患者病變組織中呈高表達(dá),并且在Barrett食管中表達(dá)最高,提示對(duì)Barrett食管患者進(jìn)行COX-2檢測(cè)可能有助于早期預(yù)測(cè)癌變發(fā)生。
IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α是機(jī)體內(nèi)重要的炎性因子,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),不同類型GERD患者血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組,Barrett食管和糜爛性食管炎患者血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平均明顯高于非糜爛性反流病患者,且Barrett食管患者血清IL-8水平均高于糜爛性食管炎患者,說(shuō)明GERD患者出現(xiàn)血清炎性因子水平升高,尤其是IL-8,與Shan等[14]研究結(jié)論相同。Pearson相關(guān)分析顯示,GERD患者病變組織中PAR-2 mRNA和COX mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量均與血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平呈正相關(guān),進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明炎性反應(yīng)可能在GERD發(fā)生中發(fā)揮重要作用。有研究指出,激活PAR-2可通過(guò)PI3K-PKB-NF-κB信號(hào)通路而促進(jìn)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α等促炎因子的表達(dá)與釋放[15]。筆者推測(cè),高表達(dá)的PAR-2通過(guò)激活PI3K-PKB-NF-κB信號(hào)通路,使炎性因子大量表達(dá),通過(guò)炎癥級(jí)聯(lián)放大反應(yīng)而加速食管黏膜損傷,從而促使GERD發(fā)生及進(jìn)展。
綜上所述,PAR-2和COX-2在GERD患者病變組織中呈高表達(dá),且與患者血清中炎性因子水平呈正相關(guān),提示炎性反應(yīng)可能參與了GERD發(fā)生及進(jìn)展過(guò)程,有望為GERD治療提供新的線索。
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Expressions of PAR-2 and COX-2 in lesion tissues of patients with different types of gastroesophageal reflux disease and its relationship with serum inflammatory factors levels
YANG Mei
(The People's Hospital of Zunhua, Zunhua 064200, Hebei, China)
Objective It is to investigate the expressions of PAR-2 and COX-2 in lesion tissues of patients with different types of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its relationship with serum inflammatory factors levels. Methods 127 cases of patients with GERD were selected. Among which, 41 cases were erosive esophagitis, 43 cases were Barrett esophagus and 43 cases were non-erosive reflux disease. In the same period, 40 cases of healthy undergoing endoscopy testing were selected as the control group. The expressions of PAR-2 and COX-2 gene in tissues were detected by using RT-PCR technology. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were detected by using ELISA method. The correlations between variables were analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis. Results The relative expression levels of PAR-2 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in lesion tissues of GERD patients were higher than the control group, the relative expression levels of PAR-2 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in lesion tissues of Barrett esophagus and erosive esophagitis patients were higher than the non-erosive reflux disease, and the relative expression levels of COX-2 mRNA in lesion tissues of Barrett esophagus patients were higher than erosive esophagitis, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in GERD were higher than the control group, the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in Barrett esophagus and erosive esophagitis were higher than the non-erosive reflux disease, and the serum levels of IL-8 in Barrett esophagus were higher than erosive esophagitis, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed the relative expression levels of PAR-2 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in lesions in patients with GERD were positively correlated with serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α (r=0.735, 0.652, 0.793, 0.615 and 0.812, 0.795, 0.841, 0.634,P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of PAR-2 and COX-2 in patents lesion tissues in patients with GERD showed high, and they were positively correlated with the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. It prompted inflammatory response may be involved in the occurrence and progression of GERD.
gastroesophageal reflux; PAR-2; COX-2; inflammatory cytokines
楊梅,女,主治醫(yī)師,從事消化內(nèi)科臨床工作。
10.3969/j.issn.1008-8849.2016.31.002
R571
A
1008-8849(2016)31-3424-04
2016-05-20
現(xiàn)代中西醫(yī)結(jié)合雜志2016年31期