劉愛(ài)春,陳 勇,賈晉松,高松源,劉燕鷹
(1. 北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科, 北京 100044; 2. 湖北醫(yī)藥學(xué)院附屬十堰市太和醫(yī)院慢性病康復(fù)中心, 湖北十堰 442000; 3. 北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院血液科, 北京 100044; 4. 北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院病理科, 北京 100044; 5. 北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科, 北京 100044)
?
·病例報(bào)告·
酷似Mikulicz病的非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例
劉愛(ài)春1*,陳 勇2*,賈晉松3,高松源4,劉燕鷹5△
(1. 北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科, 北京 100044; 2. 湖北醫(yī)藥學(xué)院附屬十堰市太和醫(yī)院慢性病康復(fù)中心, 湖北十堰 442000; 3. 北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院血液科, 北京 100044; 4. 北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院病理科, 北京 100044; 5. 北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科, 北京 100044)
Mikulicz?。涣馨土?,非霍奇金;自身免疫疾病
IgG4相關(guān)疾病(IgG4-related disease, IgG4-RD)是近年來(lái)逐漸被大家所認(rèn)識(shí)的一種新的自身免疫病,可以累及全身多個(gè)系統(tǒng),臨床表現(xiàn)復(fù)雜多樣,缺乏特異性。米庫(kù)利茲病(Mikulicz disease, MD)被認(rèn)為是IgG4-RD的一種亞型,有其獨(dú)特的表現(xiàn),包括唾液腺、淚腺、腮腺腫大,血清IgG4水平上升,腺體組織中大量IgG4+漿細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),糖皮質(zhì)激素治療有效[1]。然而,外分泌腺腫大還可見(jiàn)于多種因素,如病毒感染、淋巴瘤等,容易誤診、漏診,延誤治療。現(xiàn)將北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院收治的1例外院誤診為MD,我科確診為非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,NHL)的病例報(bào)告如下,并進(jìn)行臨床分析。
患者男,59歲,因“多發(fā)腺體腫大8年,全血細(xì)胞減少1周”入院?;颊?年前無(wú)明顯誘因出現(xiàn)左側(cè)腮腺及左側(cè)陰囊腫大,伴口干、眼干,數(shù)月后逐漸出現(xiàn)右側(cè)腮腺、雙側(cè)頜下腺、舌下腺、淚腺腫大,病程中多次查血白細(xì)胞減少,抗生素治療無(wú)效,外院曾診斷為MD,給予間斷糖皮質(zhì)激素治療,癥狀時(shí)輕、時(shí)重?;颊?周前腺體腫大再次加重,于北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院行相關(guān)檢查顯示:白細(xì)胞 1.65×109/L,淋巴細(xì)胞比值46.7%,血紅蛋白濃度52 g/L,血小板計(jì)數(shù)68×109/L,總膽紅素109.8 μmol/L,直接膽紅素6.9 μmol/L,Coombs’試驗(yàn)IgG、C3d陽(yáng)性,為進(jìn)一步診治入院。
入院體格檢查:生命體征平穩(wěn),皮膚、鞏膜黃染,淺表淋巴結(jié)未觸及,雙側(cè)上瞼腫脹,可觸及1 cm×1 cm大小結(jié)節(jié),雙側(cè)頜下腺腫大,左側(cè)約4 cm×4 cm,右側(cè)約3 cm×4 cm,舌下腺腫大,心、肺無(wú)異常,脾肋下可觸及,第Ⅰ線(xiàn)8 cm、第Ⅱ線(xiàn)11 cm、第Ⅲ線(xiàn)1 cm。初步診斷為:MD?溶血性貧血。給予甲潑尼龍40 mg,每日一次靜脈滴注,患者血紅蛋白濃度升至90 g/L左右,腺體腫大明顯減輕,然而隨后回報(bào)的檢查結(jié)果顯示,血清IgG4未見(jiàn)明顯異常,抗核抗體(antinuclear antibody,ANA)、抗可提取的核抗原(extractable nuclear antigen,ENA)抗體均陰性,血M蛋白:IgM kappa陽(yáng)性,β2微球蛋白5.29 mg/L。腹部增強(qiáng)CT檢查顯示:巨脾,脾門(mén)軟組織密度影。骨髓涂片檢查顯示:增生性貧血,血小板減少。骨髓免疫分型:淋巴細(xì)胞占12.15%,為成熟淋巴細(xì)胞;髓細(xì)胞占74.47%,比例增高,CD10+成熟粒細(xì)胞比例正常,CD15-、CD11b-細(xì)胞比例偏高;單核細(xì)胞占0.52%;有核細(xì)胞占8.34%;CD34+、CD117+幼稚細(xì)胞占0.05%,比例不高;CD19+B細(xì)胞中CD10+占0.65%;骨髓增生減低。右頜下腺組織病理檢查顯示:組織被覆呼吸性上皮,黏膜下見(jiàn)淋巴濾泡殘存,生發(fā)中心縮小,濾泡樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞(follicle dendritic cell,F(xiàn)DC)增生,邊緣區(qū)有增寬,見(jiàn)淋巴上皮病變,可見(jiàn)多量體積中等的單個(gè)核樣細(xì)胞增生浸潤(rùn),增生組織內(nèi)可見(jiàn)部分淀粉樣物質(zhì)分布,細(xì)胞核圓形,部分見(jiàn)核切跡,染色質(zhì)細(xì),可見(jiàn)核仁樣物質(zhì),周?chē)梢?jiàn)小的涎腺體分布。免疫組織化學(xué)染色檢查顯示:Bcl2(+),CD3ε(-),CD5(-),CD10(-),CD20(+),CD23(FDC+),CD38(-),CD43(-),Cyc1in D1(-),IgG(+),IgG4(-),Ki67(<5%+),Pax5(+),剛果紅(+)。診斷為NHL——黏膜相關(guān)淋巴組織結(jié)外邊緣區(qū)B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(圖1)。骨髓組織病理檢查顯示:骨髓小B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤累及,結(jié)合頜下腺活檢,符合黏膜相關(guān)淋巴組織淋巴瘤骨髓累及的診斷。綜上,該患者明確診斷為黏膜相關(guān)淋巴組織結(jié)外邊緣區(qū)B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(ⅣE期A組),將患者轉(zhuǎn)血液科進(jìn)一步治療。
圖1 頜下腺組織HE染色 ( ×400)
Figure 1 HE staining of submandibular gland ( ×400)
風(fēng)濕免疫科醫(yī)師甲:該患者為中年男性,慢性病程,全身多處腺體腫大,累及雙側(cè)腮腺、頜下腺、舌下腺、淚腺,伴口干、眼干,激素治療有效,臨床高度懷疑MD。MD目前被認(rèn)為是IgG4-RD的一個(gè)亞型,主要表現(xiàn)為對(duì)稱(chēng)性淚腺、腮腺、頜下腺腫脹,血清學(xué)可有高球蛋白血癥或低補(bǔ)體血癥,自身抗體一般陰性,對(duì)激素反應(yīng)良好。日本干燥綜合征學(xué)會(huì)2008年通過(guò)了MD診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2]:(1)對(duì)稱(chēng)性2對(duì)以上腺體(淚腺、頜下腺、腮腺)腫大>3個(gè)月;(2)血清IgG4水平升高>135 mg/dL;(3)組織病理血檢查:①有明顯的淋巴細(xì)胞、漿細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)及纖維化,②IgG4陽(yáng)性漿細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),IgG4/IgG陽(yáng)性漿細(xì)胞比例在50%以上。對(duì)本例患者,我們分別進(jìn)行了血清IgG4檢測(cè)及頜下腺活組織檢查,均未得到支持MD的陽(yáng)性結(jié)果,且患者骨髓及頜下腺病理檢查均找到淋巴瘤細(xì)胞,最終診斷為黏膜相關(guān)淋巴組織結(jié)外邊緣區(qū)B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤。
風(fēng)濕免疫科醫(yī)師乙:涎腺腫大可見(jiàn)于多種疾病,感染、自身免疫病及腫瘤均有可能。該患者無(wú)發(fā)熱,無(wú)腺體局部紅、腫、熱、痛等表現(xiàn),外周血白細(xì)胞及中性粒細(xì)胞均未見(jiàn)增高,抗生素治療無(wú)效,且病程遷延8年,感染可基本除外。自身免疫病中出現(xiàn)涎腺腫大的多見(jiàn)于干燥綜合征和IgG4-RD。該患者雖有口干、眼干、腮腺腫大的臨床表現(xiàn),但同時(shí)有淚腺、頜下腺腫大,且腺體持續(xù)腫大,無(wú)自發(fā)緩解,自身抗體檢測(cè)均陰性,干燥綜合征的診斷依據(jù)不足?;颊唠m有2對(duì)以上腺體持續(xù)腫大>3個(gè)月,但是血清IgG4正常,且頜下腺組織病理檢查未見(jiàn)IgG4陽(yáng)性漿細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),IgG4-RD亦可除外。根據(jù)頜下腺組織病理檢查結(jié)果,該病例明確診斷為黏膜相關(guān)淋巴組織結(jié)外邊緣區(qū)B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤。
血液科醫(yī)師:依據(jù)患者臨床惰性表現(xiàn),病程長(zhǎng),反復(fù)多部位腺體腫大,巨脾,全血細(xì)胞減少、自身抗體陰性及頜下腺組織病理檢查結(jié)果,明確診斷為黏膜相關(guān)淋巴組織結(jié)外邊緣區(qū)B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤。原發(fā)性結(jié)外淋巴瘤(primary extranodal lymphoma,PENL)是指原發(fā)于淋巴結(jié)外的淋巴組織或正常情況下不含淋巴組織的器官的惡性淋巴瘤,98%以上為NHL。Hart等[3]報(bào)道PENL占同期全身各部位NHL的15.5%,其中33%發(fā)生在頭頸部,最常見(jiàn)部位為扁桃體,其次為涎腺、甲狀腺、眼周、鼻咽管?;颊叩某R?jiàn)臨床表現(xiàn)為腺體腫大,伴疼痛,吞咽困難或鼻咽阻塞等占位效應(yīng)。涎腺惡性淋巴瘤少見(jiàn),文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道其占涎腺惡性腫瘤的1.7%,占結(jié)外NHL的4.7%[4],主要發(fā)生于腮腺和頜下腺,小涎腺和舌下腺罕見(jiàn)。涎腺淋巴瘤主要為B細(xì)胞來(lái)源,常見(jiàn)類(lèi)型為B細(xì)胞黏膜相關(guān)的淋巴樣組織淋巴瘤和彌漫性大B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤。首診的確診率較低,需要依賴(lài)組織病理診斷,特別是免疫組織化學(xué)技術(shù),早期的組織病理檢查是提高診斷率的關(guān)鍵。此類(lèi)淋巴瘤在臨床上可出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似MD的腺體腫大的表現(xiàn),但回顧本例病例,患者雖有多發(fā)腺體腫大,累及腮腺、頜下腺及淚腺,部分臨床表現(xiàn)類(lèi)似MD,但附睪腫大在MD中未見(jiàn)報(bào)道,另外該患者起病之初即有白細(xì)胞減少,至我院就診時(shí)已出現(xiàn)全血細(xì)胞減少、嚴(yán)重溶血性貧血、脾大,這也是淋巴瘤與MD的區(qū)別。
病理科醫(yī)師:2012年國(guó)際病理學(xué)界提出IgG4-RD的組織病理特征包括以下3方面:大量淋巴漿細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn);纖維化,特征性的形態(tài)為席紋狀;閉塞性靜脈炎。此外,尚需滿(mǎn)足IgG4+/IgG+漿細(xì)胞比例大于40%[5]。本例患者涎腺組織中可見(jiàn)彌漫浸潤(rùn)的淋巴樣細(xì)胞,漿細(xì)胞少見(jiàn),未見(jiàn)明顯纖維化及閉塞性靜脈炎,無(wú)典型IgG4-RD病理表現(xiàn)。本例患者無(wú)論形態(tài)學(xué)及免疫組織化學(xué)標(biāo)記均支持黏膜相關(guān)淋巴組織淋巴瘤,CD20廣泛強(qiáng)表達(dá)。
2012年,日本學(xué)術(shù)界聯(lián)合發(fā)表了IgG4-RD的綜合分類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),包括:(1)一個(gè)或多個(gè)器官出現(xiàn)彌漫性/局限性腫脹或腫塊;(2)血清IgG4濃度≥135 mg/dL;(3)組織病理學(xué)檢查:①顯著的淋巴細(xì)胞、漿細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)和纖維化;②IgG4+/IgG+細(xì)胞>40%,且IgG4+漿細(xì)胞>10個(gè)/高倍視野。確定診斷:(1)+(2)+(3);很可能診斷:(1)+(3);可能診斷:(1)+(2)[6]??梢?jiàn),組織病理檢查對(duì)于IgG4-RD的診斷不可或缺。2015年,對(duì)于IgG4-RD治療的國(guó)際共識(shí)再次強(qiáng)烈推薦組織病理檢查確診IgG4-RD,以除外惡性腫瘤及其他類(lèi)似IgG4-RD的疾病[7],因此,組織病理檢查對(duì)該病的診斷具有舉足輕重的地位,應(yīng)避免不經(jīng)組織病理檢查的實(shí)驗(yàn)性治療,從而延誤診斷。
PENL最常見(jiàn)的部位為胃腸道,其次為頭頸部,大多數(shù)在青少年時(shí)期發(fā)病,也有中年和老年發(fā)病的報(bào)道[8-9]。頭頸部PENL最常見(jiàn)的臨床表現(xiàn)為無(wú)痛性腺體腫大,通常表面黏膜無(wú)破潰。由此可見(jiàn),IgG4-RD和頭頸部PENL的臨床表現(xiàn)有一定相似性,但二者是否相關(guān)尚不十分清楚,現(xiàn)有研究多為個(gè)案報(bào)道,PENL可發(fā)生于IgG4-RD診斷之前或之后,亦有PENL被誤診為MD的報(bào)道[8]。此外,雖然有病例報(bào)道IgG4-RD可合并惡性淋巴瘤,累及唾液腺和淚腺,但同時(shí)累及雙側(cè)唾液腺及淚腺者少見(jiàn)[10]。
總之,對(duì)所有疑似IgG4-RD的病例均應(yīng)盡早進(jìn)行組織病理檢查,并在隨訪(fǎng)中密切觀察治療反應(yīng),必要時(shí)重復(fù)進(jìn)行組織病理檢查以助診治。
[1]Yamamoto M, Takahashi H, Ohara M, et al. A new conceptualization for Mikulicz’s disease as an IgG4-related plasmacytic disease [J]. Mod Rheumatol, 2006, 16(6): 335-340.
[2]Masaki Y, Sugai S, Umehara H. IgG4-related diseases including Mikulicz’s disease and sclerosing pancreatitis: diagnostic insights [J]. J Rheum, 2010, 37(7): 1380-1385.
[3]Hart S, Horsman JM, Radstone CR, et al. Localised extranodal lymphoma of the head and neck: the Sheffield Lymphoma Group experience (1971-2000) [J]. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol), 2004, 16(3): 186-192.
[4]Gieeson MJ, Bennet MH, Cawson RA. Lymphomas of salivary glands [J]. Cancer, 1986, 58(3): 699-704.
[5]Deshpande V, Zen Y, Chan JK, et al. Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease [J]. Mod Pathol, 2012, 25(9): 1181-1192.
[6]Umehara H, Okazaki K, Masaki Y, et al. Comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) [J]. Mod Rheumatol, 2012, 22(1): 21-30.
[7]Khosroshahi A, Wallace ZS, Crowe JL, et al. International consensus guidance statement on the management and treatment of IgG4-related disease [J]. Arthritis Rheumatol, 2015, 67(7): 1688-1699.
[8]Palaniswamy C, Selvaraj DR, Chugh T, et al. Mantle cell lymphoma presenting as Mikulicz syndrome [J]. Am J Ther, 2009, 16(5): 459-461.
[9]Revanappa MM, Sattur AP, Naikmasur VG, et al. Disseminated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma presenting as bilateral salivary gland enlargement: a case report [J]. Imaging Sci Dent, 2013, 43(1): 59-62.
[10]Sato Y, Ohshima K, Takata K, et al. Ocular adnexal IgG4-producing mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma mimicking IgG4-related disease [J]. J Clin Exp Hematop, 2012, 52(1): 51-55.
(2016-08-11收稿)
(本文編輯:任英慧)
SUMMARY IgG4-related disease is a systemic disorder involving a spectrum of multiple indications, and various histopathological features are shared among different IgG4-related disease subtypes, which challenge diagnosis, although certain syndromes have organ-specific involvement. Among them, Mikulicz’s disease affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands, distinguished by often elevated levels of serum IgG4, infiltration of IgG4+plasma cells into target tissues, and diffuse swelling, mass formation, or fibrosis of affected organs. However, there are several diseases, which could manifest as salivary gland swelling, mimicking Mikulicz’s disease, such as Sj?gren’s syndrome, mumps virus infection, obstruction of parotid duct, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), and so on. So differential diagnosis is important and essential as to the salivary gland swelling. In this paper, we analyzed a case of a 59-year-old male with symmetric salivary gland swelling. Mikulicz’s disease was misdiagnosed at the beginning without biopsy. Prednisone treatment ever seemed to be effective and antibiotics had no effect. Besides salivary involvement, the patient also manifested as testicle swelling and severe pancytopenia with the development of the disease, which rarely appeared in Mikulicz’s disease. Physical examination showed skin, sclera yellow dye, swollen submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal gland and splenomegaly. As a result, biopsy of right submandibular gland was made, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma was confirmed by morphology and immunohistochemistry. Bone marrow biopsy also confirmed that lymphoma cells were found in the bone marrow. Finally, the diagnosis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (Phase ⅣE, Group A) was made on the patient, who was transferred to the hematology department for the treatment. NHL, especially, primary extranodal lymphoma usually involves the salivary gland, and painless swelling of the salivary gland is a common manifestation, similar with Mikulicz’s disease. So although salivary gland swelling is often associated with autoimmune diseases such as Sj?gren’s syndrome and IgG4-related disease, the awareness and suspicion of a possibility of NHL are essential for rheumatologists. Biopsy is a necessary examination to decrease or avoid misdiagnosis.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma mimicking Mikulicz disease: a case report
LIU Ai-chun1*, CHEN Yong2*, JIA Jin-song3, GAO Song-yuan4, LIU Yan-ying5△
(1. Department of Kidney, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; 2. Rehabilitation Centre for Chronic Disease, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China; 3. Department of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; 4. Department of Pathology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; 5. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China)
Mikulicz’ diease; Lymphoma, non-Hodgkin; Autoimmune diseases
時(shí)間:2016-10-31 16:28:46
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.4691.R.20161031.1628.014.html
R551.2
A
1671-167X(2016)06-1074-03
10.3969/j.issn.1671-167X.2016.06.026
△ Corresponding author’s e-mail, liuyanying20030801@msn.cn
* These authors contributed equally to this work
北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2016年6期