寧夏 魏 勇 朱 蓓

七選五專項訓練

寧夏 魏 勇 朱 蓓

Passage 1

Growing up in a hard-working Midwestern city in the 1980s, 1 The men I looked up to at a young age regularly boasted about running on just a few hours of sleep.I continue to see this perception in the workplace today, where it is considered a badge of honor to stay at the office late working on a project.

The problem is,because this lack of sleep is also costly,that one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement. 2 When you lose an hour of sleep, it decreases your well-being, productivity, health, and ability to think the following day.What’s worse, if you do not get enough sleep, it can lead to a cascade of negative events.You achieve less at work, skip regular exercise, and eat poorly.

3 One of the most influential studies of human performance, conducted by professor K.Anders Ericsson,found that top performers slept 8 hours and 36 minutes per day.4 So a small adjustment, even 15 or 30 minutes, could make or break your next day.The key is to aim for somewhere between seven and nine hours of quality sleep per night.

Prioritize seven to nine hours of high-quality sleep ahead of all else.You will be more likely to have a good workout, get more done at your job, and treat your loved ones better when you put sleep first. 5

A.The average American, for comparison, gets just 6 hours and 51 minutes of sleep on weeknights.

B.You are simply a different person when you operate on insufficient sleep.

C.In many cases the opposite occurs.

D.What you do in the hours before bed could matter most.

E.I quickly learned that sleep is the first expense I should cut in a given day.

F.However, if you are able to get an additional hour of sleep tonight, it can make the difference between a miserable day and a good one.

G. Keep in mind that sacri ficing sleep may no longer be a sign of strength.

Passage 2

Nowadays, many of us are still sleeping poorly.Part of the problem is we have outdated information and beliefs about this all-important health need.Let’s set the facts straight. 1

More Sleep Is Better for You

There could be such a thing as too much sleep. 2 Harvard researchers found that a lot of sleep(9 hours or more)is linked with poor sleep quality.So don’t aim for more sleep—even on the weekends.Aim for better sleep.

3

Alcohol, the original nightcap, can help most people fall asleep.However, it also can cause you to wake up more during the night, wrecking your sleep quality.Consider drinking nonalcoholic beer before bed instead.

Everyone Should Get 7-8 Hours of Sleep Per Night

4 That said, the National Sleep Foundation offers recommendations based on age group, from newborns who need 14-17 hours of sleep each day to adults 18-64 who should get 7-9 hours each day, and older adults who should get 7-8 hours each day.Children generally need more sleep.A Jawbone study found that people who sleep 8-9.5 hours each night report happier moods the next day.

You Can Catch Up on Sleep on Weekends

When we lose sleep during the week, we accumulate a kind of sleep “debt”.Think you can pay that debt back by sleeping in on Saturday and/or Sunday? 5 Instead of waking up later on the weekends, you’re better off going to sleep earlier or perhaps taking a nap in the afternoon.

A.Not so fast.This might actually make you sleepier the next week.

B.The amount of sleep we need varies by person and also changes as we age.

C.We all hope to quickly fall back asleep, and so we tend to stay in bed hoping it will happen any minute now.

D.Everyone’s sleep needs are different, and the quality of your sleep matters more than how much time you spend asleep.

E.Here are 4 things you might have been told about sleep but aren’t completely true.

F.Alcohol Helps You Sleep

G.Consider your sleep quality, of course, but also look into other possible causes.

Passage 3

5 misconceptions about your eyesight

We can probably all recount at least a dozen alarming things parents, teachers, and older siblings told us about our eyes when we were kids. 1

Myth 1.Eating carrots will help you see in the dark.

Well, carrots certainly aren’t bad for your eyesight.

2 But carrots don’t do anything exceptional for your nighttime vision.

Myth 2. 3

When you’re born, your eyeballs are approximately 16 millimeters in diameter, reaching 24 millimeters as an adult.But your eyes getting larger does not necessarily mean that your vision is getting better.In fact, excessive growth in human eyes can cause myopia, or nearsightedness.

Myth 3:UV rays（紫外線) can only damage eyes when the sun is shining .

Even on cloudy and foggy days, ultraviolet(UV) radiation can cause eye damage. 4 .

Myth 4:If your parents have bad eyesight, you will , too.

You might, of course, because some eye problems are genetic. 5 One study found that if both parents are myopic,there’s a 30 to 40 percent chance that the child is.If only one parent is myopic, the child has a 20 to 25 percent chance, and it’s down to 10 percent for kids with.

Myth 5：Too much screen time will destroy your eyesight.

More and more people are complaining of symptoms like dry, irritated eyes after prolonged periods of screen time.The AOA recommends following the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break to look at something 20 feet away.

A.Years of exposure can increase your risk of developing cataracts(白內(nèi)障）.

B.While color blindness is far more common in males than females, it does affect a small percentage of women.

C.But there’s no guarantee that we will develop the same vision impairments as our parents.

D.They contain plenty of beta-carotene(β-胡蘿卜素),which your body converts into vitamin A, an important vitamin for vision.

E.The bigger your eyes, the better your eyesight.

F.While reading in semi-darkness may put a temporary strain on your eyes, it’s not going to permanently damage your eyesight.

G.Here are a few common myths and misconceptions.

Passage 4

A daily walk can add seven years to your life

Just 25 minutes of brisk walking a day can add up to seven years to your life, according to health experts.

Researchers have found that moderate exercise could halve the risk of dying from a heart attack for someone in their fifties or sixties . 1

A new study presented at the European Society of Cardiology(ESC) Congress suggested that regular exercise can increase life span.And exercise has long been seen as a way to reduce the risks by cutting obesity and diabetes. 2

A group of 69 healthy non-smokers, aged between 30 and 60, who did not take regular exercise were tested as part of the study at Saarland University in Germany. 3 Sanjay Sharma, professor of inherited cardiac diseases in sports cardiology said，“when people exercise regularly, they may be able to retard the process of ageing.”

4 People who start exercising at the age of 70 are less likely to go on to develop a condition that leads to irregular or racing heart rates in 10 percent of people aged over 80.The advice from experts is that everyone should do at least 20 minutes of walking or jogging a day, given the sedentary lifestyles and changes in diet that have contributed to high death rates from heart disease.The more active you are, and it doesn’t matter when you start, 5

A.Exercise buys you three to seven additional years of life.

B.Coronary heart disease(冠 心 病 ) is the UK’s single biggest killer, causing one death every seven seconds.

C.the more bene fit you are going to have.

D.Exercise brings benefits at whatever age the person starts.

E.The study brings a bit more understanding of why physical activity has that effect.

F.Also exercise can improve brain functioning.

G.Blood tests taken during six months of regular aerobic exercise showed that an anti-ageing process had been triggered(觸發(fā)）and helped repair old DNA.

Passage 5

The more books you read, the better your life will be.If you don’t believe me, please consider these six compelling reasons to read more books.

You will optimize your brain power

This shouldn’t come as a shock, but studies suggest reading makes you smart.Unlike watching television requires no thought process. 1

You will increase your odds of success

The more books you read, the more knowledge you will have, the more strategies and resources your brain will store,the more likely you will succeed.

2

Sometimes our daily life can start to feel dull, dry or depressing.At times like this, I like to dive into a good fiction book for a much-needed escape into another world, where I can forget about whatever problems are stressing me out.You’ll come back refreshed after your mini-vacation to a fresh and exciting place in the world of words.

You will improve your vocabulary

3 I couldn’t imagine how I would write articles like this if I didn’t actively aim to expand my vocabulary, because using the same few words to express myself would get awfully boring in a hurry.

You will reduce stress and unwind into a good night’s sleep

Exposing yourself to arti ficial light on your cellphone, TV or tablet reduces your body’s production of melatonin. 4 You would be wise to cut off all electronics at least an hour before bed, and replace that with a good book, which is a much better sleep-friendly alternative.

You will change your life

I firmly believe that if it wasn’t for books, I wouldn’t have achieved an awful lot in my life; nor would I have the knowledge, imagination or creativity that I depend on as a writer, business owner, and coach. 5

A.The more words you’re capable of using, the better you will become at expressing your thoughts and feelings.

B.If you’re looking for entertainment on a budget, you can’t beat books.

C.Reading is an active learning experience that will keep your mind sharp(even in old age).

D.I hope these reasons to read more books encourage you to unlock your potential with the power of reading.

E.You will immerse yourself in a new world.

F.Reading introduced me to concepts like mindful eating,relaxation exercises, and the importance of loving yourself.

G.Therefore,if you do so late at night，it can make you difficult to get a good night’s sleep.

【參考答案及解析】

Passage 1

【文章大意】作者認為優(yōu)秀人才平均睡眠8小時36分的例子證明，犧牲睡眠可能不再是實力的表現(xiàn)。

1.E 因為我生長的環(huán)境，我很快就認識到睡眠是我在一天中應該削減的第一樣東西。

2.C 與其前形成對比，表示在很多時候情況恰恰相反。

3.F 此段落與上一段形成轉(zhuǎn)折對比的關(guān)系，突出充足的睡眠可以使我們的生活發(fā)生很大的變化。

4.A 數(shù)字對比，美國人平均睡眠時間和優(yōu)秀人才睡眠時間的不一致。

5.G 總結(jié)全文，強調(diào)犧牲睡眠可能不再是實力的表現(xiàn)。

Passage 2

【文章大意】睡眠對我們的健康如此重要,本文列舉了你可能聽說過的有關(guān)睡眠的四件事，但這些都不是完全正確的。讓我們把事實弄清楚。

1.E 根據(jù)文章主旨大意，此選項起到承接下文的作用。

2.B 根據(jù)小標題，可知此段落話題關(guān)于睡眠時間長短的問題。

3.F 總結(jié)此段落主旨大意，關(guān)鍵詞為“alcohol”。

4.D 該空位于段首，對這一段的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)，總述睡眠時間因人而異，其后分述各種人群的睡眠時間規(guī)律。

5.A 根據(jù)小標題，周末補覺的錯誤想法解釋這樣做會對下個星期的影響。

Passage 3

【文章大意】我們都能回憶起自己小時候，父母、老師和哥哥姐姐們曾經(jīng)告訴過我們的那些有關(guān)視力怪異又嚇人的事情。以下就是關(guān)于視力的幾個常見的誤解。

1.G 第一段起承上啟下的作用，表明關(guān)于視力的幾個常見的誤解。

2.D 具體介紹吃胡蘿卜的好處。

3.E 根據(jù)下方所羅列的數(shù)字，表明眼睛的大小與視力的關(guān)系。

4.A 介紹日照對眼睛的傷害。

5.C 雖然有些眼睛問題會遺傳，但這并不意味著我們視力受損的程度會與父母一致。

Passage 4

【文章大意】健康專家稱，每天快步走25分鐘，可以延長七年壽命。文章表明我們運動得越多，就能獲得更多益處，這無關(guān)于什么時候開始運動。

1.B 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)適度的鍛煉可以使那些50或60多歲的人因突發(fā)心臟病而死亡的風險減少一半。

2.F Also表遞進，說明鍛煉的好處。

3.G 在長達六個月有規(guī)律的有氧運動、高強度間歇運動和肌肉力量練習中，研究對象的血液檢測顯示，一種抗衰老過程被觸發(fā)，并幫助修復衰老的DNA。

4.D 無論什么時候開始，鍛煉都能帶來益處。

5.C 此處為“the more..., the more ...”的句型，總結(jié)鍛煉對身體的好處。

Passage 5

【文章大意】你讀的書越多，你的生活就會越好。如果你不相信我的話，請考慮這六個令人信服的理由多讀書吧。

1.C 對比讀書不像看電視，看電視不需要有思維活動過程，閱讀是一個積極的學習體驗，會讓你的思維保持敏捷（即使到了老年）。

2.E 闡述說明讀書會讓我們沉浸在一個嶄新的世界。

3.A 閱讀可使詞匯量增加及對我們的學習和生活有幫助。

4.G 解釋說明多讀書會減輕壓力并放松地睡個好覺。

5.D 總結(jié)全文，號召我們多讀書。

寧夏石嘴山市第一中學）