秦芬艷
名詞性從句一直是高考中的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn),考綱中要求考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考中必須掌握名詞性從句的基本用法;一些引導(dǎo)詞的辨析;句子的語(yǔ)序以及名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中學(xué)會(huì)分析和應(yīng)用名詞性從句尤為重要,結(jié)合我的教學(xué)實(shí)踐,我談?wù)劽~性從句學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),我們要注意的要點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,希望大家多多指教。
定義:在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞:
連接詞:that、if、whether
連接代詞:who、whom、whose、what、which、whatever、whoever
連接副詞:when、where、why、how、
名詞性從句主要的考點(diǎn)
考點(diǎn)一:同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的從句, 它與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系。
同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句,是對(duì)前面名詞作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充性解釋說(shuō)明。
1)The news that our football team won the match was really encouraging .
2)The news that/which we heard on the radio was not true .
考點(diǎn)二:語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題
名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序
When he will come is not known.(改錯(cuò))
考點(diǎn)三:關(guān)于that 的省略
1.在主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中,that不可省略
2.在賓語(yǔ)從句通??梢允÷裕谙旅鎺追N情況下,that不可省略
a. It 做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句
b.并列賓語(yǔ)從句中,從第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句開(kāi)始都不可省略
c.當(dāng)that賓語(yǔ)從句中狀語(yǔ)部分位與從句前部時(shí),
d.當(dāng)that 前有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)
e.當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不可省掉。
考點(diǎn)四:區(qū)別if 與whether
只能使用whether 的情況:
a.主語(yǔ)從句并在句首
b.表語(yǔ)從句
c.同位語(yǔ)從句
d.介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句
e.直接加動(dòng)詞不定式只能用whether (to do)
f. whether or not 直接連用時(shí)不用if
Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
考點(diǎn)五:連接詞:that 與 what 的區(qū)別
What he said made me happy.
That a new teacher will come is true.
that只起連接作用,無(wú)意義,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分, 且在賓語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)可省。
what 既起連接作用, 又在從句中作 主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ)可譯成 “---的東西,話,事情,地方,時(shí)間,樣子 “所----”
考點(diǎn)六:區(qū)別 what / which (What 無(wú)范圍;Which有范圍)
Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
I will treasure whatever you give me.
考點(diǎn)七:區(qū)別Whoever, whatever, whichever與no matter who, no matter what, no matter which
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只能用Whoever, whatever, whichever連接詞
引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句既可以用連詞Whoever, whatever, whichever又可以用連詞no matter who, no matter what, no matter which
It is very hard for Mary to work there, for whatever she does cant satisfy her boss.
The book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.
連接副詞(連接副詞的作用:a. 連接 b.做從句中的狀語(yǔ))
when/where/why/ how/ how many/how much….
Can you explain why you were late this morning?
考點(diǎn)九:However+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
However difficult it is, we should try our best.
考點(diǎn)十: 區(qū)分because與why
because與why均可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,但含義不同。because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明理由。而why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句是在前面已說(shuō)明了理由的情況下加以小結(jié)。
He was ill. That is why he was late for school.
The reason why he was late was that he was ill.
學(xué)好名詞性從句,學(xué)生需要扎實(shí)做好名詞性從句基本用法的復(fù)習(xí);學(xué)會(huì)從結(jié)構(gòu)和句意兩方面分析定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句,尤其是定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。還需加強(qiáng)名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞各自意義,用法,特點(diǎn)的辨析以及加強(qiáng)長(zhǎng)、難句的分析和理解練習(xí)。