唐海波,胡小華,劉敏
(1西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬口腔醫(yī)院,四川瀘州646000;2四川護(hù)理職業(yè)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院;3遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬口腔醫(yī)院)
miR-214在舌鱗癌組織中的表達(dá)及其對癌細(xì)胞順鉑敏感性的影響
唐海波1,2,胡小華3,劉敏1
(1西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬口腔醫(yī)院,四川瀘州646000;2四川護(hù)理職業(yè)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院;3遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬口腔醫(yī)院)
目的 觀察miR-214在舌鱗癌組織中的表達(dá)情況及其對舌鱗癌細(xì)胞系順鉑敏感性的影響,并探討其可能機(jī)制。方法 采用實時熒光定量PCR檢測50例份舌鱗癌組織、20例份癌旁組織、10例份正常舌黏膜組織及順鉑耐藥舌鱗癌細(xì)胞系TCA8113/DDP、親本舌鱗癌細(xì)胞系TCA8113中的miR-214。將miR-214模擬物及其陰性對照轉(zhuǎn)染TCA8113,將miR-214阻遏物及其陰性對照轉(zhuǎn)染TCA8113/DDP,采用實時熒光定量PCR檢測細(xì)胞中的miR-214,CCK-8實驗檢測順鉑對細(xì)胞的半數(shù)抑制濃度(IC50),Western blot檢測細(xì)胞中的β-catenin、MDR1蛋白。結(jié)果 舌鱗癌組織中miR-214的相對表達(dá)量高于癌旁組織、正常舌黏膜組織(P均<0.01)。TCA8113/DDP中miR-214相對表達(dá)量高于TCA8113細(xì)胞(P<0.01)。轉(zhuǎn)染miR-214模擬物TCA8113細(xì)胞中的miR-214、β-catenin蛋白、MDR1蛋白表達(dá)水平及順鉑對其的IC50均高于陰性對照細(xì)胞(P均<0.05)。轉(zhuǎn)染miR-214阻遏物TCA8113/DDP細(xì)胞中的miR-214、β-catenin蛋白、MDR1蛋白表達(dá)水平及順鉑對其的IC50均低于陰性對照細(xì)胞(P均<0.05)。結(jié)論 miR-214在舌鱗癌組織中高表達(dá),下調(diào)(上調(diào))miR-214的表達(dá)能夠提高(降低)人舌鱗癌細(xì)胞對順鉑藥物的敏感性,其機(jī)制可能與對Wnt/β-catenin信號通路的調(diào)控有關(guān)。
舌腫瘤;舌鱗癌;微小RNA-214;腫瘤耐藥性;Wnt/β-catenin信號通路;β-catenin蛋白;多藥耐藥1蛋白
口腔癌是頭頸部常見的惡性腫瘤之一,舌癌是最常見的口腔癌,且以鱗癌為主。目前以手術(shù)切除結(jié)合放化療的綜合治療是舌癌的主要治療方式,手術(shù)前或手術(shù)后輔以鉑類為基礎(chǔ)的聯(lián)合化療是目前舌癌化療的首選一線方案,在舌癌的治療中起著重要的作用。但是由于舌癌耐藥性的產(chǎn)生,舌癌綜合治療效果受限[1]。順鉑是舌癌患者常用的化療藥物,目前越來越多舌癌患者對順鉑產(chǎn)生耐藥,因此研究其耐藥的相關(guān)因素及機(jī)制,尋找能夠有效逆轉(zhuǎn)耐藥的治療靶點是提高臨床舌癌綜合治療效果的關(guān)鍵。miR-214是體內(nèi)重要的miRNA之一,在多種惡性腫瘤中高表達(dá),通過PTEN/AKT、Wnt/β-catenin和酪氨酸激酶信號通路等多種信號通路參與惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展及侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移[2~4]。多藥抗性基因MDR1編碼的P-糖蛋白屬于ATP 結(jié)合盒轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白家族,能夠利用ATP水解所釋放的能量將部分化療藥物泵出細(xì)胞外,從而導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞對多種化療藥物產(chǎn)生耐藥性。近期研究[5~7]報道m(xù)iR-214與惡性腫瘤的化療耐藥也密切相關(guān),但目前尚無miR-214與舌癌順鉑耐藥的相關(guān)性研究報道。本研究觀察了miR-214在舌鱗癌組織中的表達(dá)情況及其對舌鱗癌細(xì)胞系順鉑敏感性的影響,并探討其可能的機(jī)制。
1.1 標(biāo)本來源收集 2012年1月~2015年1月在西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬口腔醫(yī)院及遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬口腔醫(yī)院接受手術(shù)治療的50例份舌鱗癌組織及20例份癌旁組織,并收集同期10例份因舌外傷或舌部良性病變行門診手術(shù)切除的周圍正常舌黏膜組織。將所有收集的組織在離體20 min內(nèi)置于液氮速凍,-80 ℃保存?zhèn)溆?。所有舌癌患者術(shù)前均未接受放化療或生物免疫治療。標(biāo)本的病理診斷由兩位病理科高年資醫(yī)生盲法閱片明確。50例舌癌患者中男28例、女22例,年齡28~70歲、平均51.7歲;組織學(xué)分類:高分化20例,中低分化30例;國際抗癌聯(lián)盟(UICC)TNM分期:Ⅰ、Ⅱ期24例,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期26例。有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移23例,無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移27例。
1.2 細(xì)胞及試劑人舌鱗癌細(xì)胞系 TCA8113購自中國科學(xué)院典型培養(yǎng)物保藏細(xì)胞庫,人舌鱗癌順鉑耐藥細(xì)胞系TCA8113/DDP由北京同仁醫(yī)院實驗室惠贈。miR-214模擬物及其陰性對照、miR-214阻遏物及其陰性對照均購自廣州銳博生物科技公司;RNA提取試劑TRIzol及Lipofectamine2000購自美國Invitrogen公司;實時熒光定量PCR試劑盒購自北京Promega公司;miR-214引物及內(nèi)參U6引物由上海生工公司設(shè)計合成;活細(xì)胞計數(shù)(CCK-8)檢測試劑盒購自上海東仁化學(xué)科技公司;β-catenin、MDR1和GAPDH抗體以及HRP標(biāo)記羊抗鼠IgG均購自美國Abcam公司。
1.3 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及轉(zhuǎn)染 TCA8113和TCA8113/DDP均培養(yǎng)在含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基中,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中常規(guī)傳代。取對數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞消化后,接種于6孔板,以脂質(zhì)體Lipofectamine2000作為轉(zhuǎn)染試劑,嚴(yán)格按說明書操作將miR-214模擬物及其陰性對照轉(zhuǎn)染TCA8113,將miR-214阻遏物及其陰性對照轉(zhuǎn)染TCA8113/DDP。
1.4 組織和細(xì)胞中miR-214檢測 采用實時熒光定量PCR法。使用TRIzol試劑從組織和細(xì)胞中提取總RNA,取300 μg RNA,分次逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA第一鏈,由PCR引物及第一鏈為模板進(jìn)行PCR,反應(yīng)條件為95 ℃ 1 min變性,95 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 20 s,70 ℃ 15 s,共40個循環(huán)。以U6作為內(nèi)參基因。實驗重復(fù)3次,采用2-ΔΔCt法計算組織和細(xì)胞中miR-214的相對表達(dá)量。
1.5 順鉑對細(xì)胞半數(shù)抑制濃度(IC50)檢測 采用CCK-8法。取轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞消化后,接種于96孔板常規(guī)培養(yǎng)過夜,隨后取順鉑溶液進(jìn)行等比稀釋,使得終濃度分別為1.25、2.5、5、10、20 μg/mL后加入細(xì)胞中繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)。以加細(xì)胞和培養(yǎng)基而不加順鉑者作為空白對照。繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h后,向每孔加入10 μL CCK-8溶液,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)箱孵育2 h,用酶標(biāo)儀測定450 nm處的吸光度(A)值,計算細(xì)胞生長抑制率,抑制率(%)=(1-A實驗組/A空白對照)×100%。根據(jù)細(xì)胞生長抑制率計算順鉑對細(xì)胞的IC50,每組細(xì)胞設(shè)6個復(fù)孔,實驗重復(fù)3次。
1.6 細(xì)胞中β-catenin、MDR1檢測 采用Western blot法。收集轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞,加入蛋白裂解液后靜置冰上30 min,充分勻漿裂解提取總蛋白,BCA法測定蛋白樣品濃度。每個標(biāo)本取90 μg蛋白上樣,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠上電泳,5%脫脂牛奶室溫封閉1 h,加入適當(dāng)濃度一抗,4 ℃過夜,次日洗膜后,加入HRP標(biāo)記的二抗,室溫孵育1 h,洗膜后將膜置于ECL中,于凝膠成像系統(tǒng)中曝光并采集圖像,結(jié)果以其與管家基因GAPDH含量的比值表示,實驗重復(fù)3次。
2.1 舌鱗癌組織、癌旁組織、正常舌黏膜組織中miR-214表達(dá)比較 舌鱗癌組織、癌旁組織、正常舌黏膜組織中miR-214的相對表達(dá)量分別為5.67±0.66、0.98±0.13、1.03±0.11,舌鱗癌組織中miR-214的相對表達(dá)量高于癌旁組織、正常舌黏膜組織﹙P均<0.01﹚,癌旁組織與正常舌黏膜組織中miR-214的相對表達(dá)量比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.2 TCA8113/DDP、TCA8113細(xì)胞中miR-214表達(dá)比較 TCA8113/DDP、TCA8113細(xì)胞中miR-214相對表達(dá)量分別為8.11±1.51、1.07±0.09,TCA8113/DDP中miR-214相對表達(dá)量高于TCA8113細(xì)胞(P<0.01﹚。
2.3 順鉑對轉(zhuǎn)染miR-214模擬物及其陰性對照TCA8113細(xì)胞的IC50比較 轉(zhuǎn)染miR-214模擬物及其陰性對照TCA8113細(xì)胞中miR-214的相對表達(dá)量分別為5.11±0.24、1.01±0.04,兩者比較P<0.01。順鉑對轉(zhuǎn)染miR-214模擬物及其陰性對照TCA8113細(xì)胞的IC50值分別為(7.89±0.10)、(2.54±0.04)μg/mL,兩者比較P<0.05。
2.4 順鉑對轉(zhuǎn)染miR-214阻遏物及其陰性對照TCA8113/DDP細(xì)胞IC50比較 轉(zhuǎn)染miR-214阻遏物及其陰性對照TCA8113/DDP細(xì)胞中miR-214的相對表達(dá)量分別為0.34±0.03、1.06±0.06,兩者比較P<0.01。順鉑對轉(zhuǎn)染miR-214阻遏物及其陰性對照TCA8113/DDP細(xì)胞的IC50值分別為(3.10±0.06)、(8.69±0.11)μg/mL,兩者比較P<0.05。
2.5 TCA8113/DDP、TCA8113細(xì)胞中β-catenin和MDR1蛋白表達(dá)比較 轉(zhuǎn)染miR-214模擬物及其陰性對照TCA8113細(xì)胞中β-catenin蛋白的相對表達(dá)量分別為1.13±0.10、0.28±0.09,MDR1蛋白的相對表達(dá)量分別為1.28±0.14、0.11±0.06,兩者比較P均<0.01。轉(zhuǎn)染miR-214阻遏物及其陰性對照TCA8113/DDP細(xì)胞中β-catenin蛋白的相對表達(dá)量分別為0.24±0.11、0.72±0.13,MDR1蛋白的相對表達(dá)量分別為0.13±0.08、0.87±0.10,兩者比較P均<0.01。
舌癌是口腔頜面部最為常見的惡性腫瘤,其發(fā)病率呈逐年上升趨勢,盡管目前采用擴(kuò)大根治手術(shù)結(jié)合放化療治療,但總體治療效果仍然欠佳。鉑類藥物是目前治療舌鱗癌的一線化療藥物之一,但遺憾的是,許多患者對鉑類藥物耐藥,腫瘤細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生化療耐藥性常導(dǎo)致治療失敗,因此研究其耐藥的相關(guān)因素及機(jī)制,尋找能夠有效逆轉(zhuǎn)耐藥的治療靶點意義重大。
miRNA是人體內(nèi)一類非編碼雙鏈RNA,通過與靶基因mRNA的3′UTR互補結(jié)合,在轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平調(diào)控靶基因的表達(dá),已被證實miRNA在腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中扮演著促癌基因或者抑癌基因的角色,并且近年來越來越多研究[8]表明miRNA的異常表達(dá)與腫瘤細(xì)胞的化療藥物耐藥有關(guān)。
miR-214是miRNA家族重要成員之一,在細(xì)胞發(fā)育、細(xì)胞衰老及血管形成等生理過程中發(fā)揮著重要的作用[9,10]。近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-214在多種惡性腫瘤中表達(dá)異常,與腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展關(guān)系密切。miR-214在鼻咽癌[2]、惡性黑色素瘤[11]及胰腺癌[4]等腫瘤中表達(dá)明顯增高,起著類似癌基因的作用,而在乳腺癌[12]、胃癌[13]等腫瘤中表達(dá)明顯降低,起著類似抑癌基因的作用。本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-214在舌鱗癌組織中高表達(dá),結(jié)果與Scapoli等[14]的研究結(jié)果一致。近期研究[15~17]報道,miR-214與惡性腫瘤的順鉑耐藥有關(guān)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-214在順鉑耐藥舌鱗癌細(xì)胞系TCA8113/DDP中表達(dá)明顯高于親本舌鱗癌細(xì)胞系TCA8113,推測miR-214可能參與舌鱗癌細(xì)胞對順鉑耐藥。進(jìn)一步通過細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染技術(shù)上調(diào)TCA8113細(xì)胞系中miR-214的表達(dá)發(fā)現(xiàn),順鉑對細(xì)胞IC50明顯增高,說明上調(diào)TCA8113細(xì)胞系中miR-214的表達(dá)能夠降低細(xì)胞對順鉑的敏感性。同時,下調(diào)TCA8113/DDP細(xì)胞系中miR-214的表達(dá)發(fā)現(xiàn)順鉑對細(xì)胞IC50明顯降低,說明下調(diào)TCA8113/DDP細(xì)胞系中miR-214的表達(dá)能夠增加細(xì)胞對順鉑的敏感性。
β-catenin是經(jīng)典Wnt通路的關(guān)鍵基因,Wnt/β-catenin通路主要通過激活β-catenin在核內(nèi)的功能來調(diào)節(jié)靶基因。細(xì)胞內(nèi)β-catenin的積聚是Wnt信號通路異常激活的特征,可以激活許多下游靶基因[18]。Wnt/β-catenin通路與順鉑耐藥的關(guān)系已得到大量研究證實,Wnt/β-catenin通路中與耐藥有關(guān)的下游靶基因包括MDR1、MRP1、MRP2、ITF-2、MMP-7、COX-2、c-myc、cyclinD1、bcl-2等[19~22]。已有研究[23,24]表明,miR-214在惡性腫瘤中對細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為的調(diào)控與Wnt/β-catenin通路有關(guān)。miR-214在舌癌中順鉑耐藥是否與Wnt/β-catenin通路有關(guān)尚不明確。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)上調(diào)TCA8113細(xì)胞系中miR-214的表達(dá),細(xì)胞中β-catenin和MDR1的表達(dá)也明顯升高,下調(diào)TCA8113/DDP細(xì)胞系中miR-214的表達(dá),細(xì)胞中β-catenin和MDR1的表達(dá)也明顯降低,說明miR-214對舌鱗癌細(xì)胞順鉑敏感性的影響機(jī)制與對Wnt/β-catenin信號通路的調(diào)控有關(guān),但miR-214調(diào)控Wnt/β-catenin信號通路的具體機(jī)制尚需在后續(xù)的實驗中進(jìn)一步研究。
綜上所述,miR-214在舌鱗癌組織中高表達(dá),下調(diào)(上調(diào))miR-214的表達(dá)能夠提高(降低)人舌鱗癌細(xì)胞對順鉑藥物的敏感性,其機(jī)制可能與對Wnt/β-catenin信號通路的調(diào)控有關(guān)。
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Expression of miR-214 in tongue squamous-cell carcinoma and itseffects on cisplatin resistance
TANGHaibo1,HUXiaohua,LIUMin
(1TheAffiliatedOralHospitalofSouthwestMedicalUniversity,Luzhou646000,China)
Objective To explore the expression of miR-214 in tongue squamous-cell carcinoma (TSCC) and its effects on cisplatin resistance in tongue squamous-cell carcinoma cells, and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods The expression level of miR-214 was detected by real-time PCR in 50 samples of TSCC tissues, 20 samples of para-carcinoma tissues,10 samples of normal tongue mucosa tissues, TCA8113/DDP cells and TCA8113 cells. The TCA8113 cells were transfected with miR-214 mimics (miR-214 mimics group) or mimics-NC (mimics-NC group), and the TCA8113/DDP were transfected with miR-214 inhibitor (miR-214 inhibitor group) or inhibitor-NC (inhibitor-NC group). The expression level of miR-214 was detected by real-time PCR, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of DDP by CCK8 and the expression level of β-catenin and multidrug resistance (MDR) 1 protein by Western blotting.Results The expression of miR-214 in the TSCC tissues was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues and normal tongue mucosa tissues (allP<0.05). The expression level of miR-214 in the TCA8113/DDP cells was significantly higher than that in TCA8113 cells (P<0.05). After TCA8113 cells were transfected with miR-214 mimics, the IC50value and expression levels of miR-214, β-catenin and MDR1 in the miR-214 mimics group were significantly higher than those in the mimics-NC group (allP<0.05). After TCA8113/DDP cells were transfected with miR-214 inhibitor, the IC50value and expression levels of miR-214, β-catenin and MDR1 in the miR-214 inhibitor group were significantly lower than those in the inhibitor-NC group (allP<0.05).Conclusion The expression of miR-214 is highly expressed in the tongue squamous-cell carcinoma, the down-regulation(up-regulation) of miR-214 can effectively increase (decrease) the sensitivity of tongue squamous-cell carcinoma cells to cisplatin, and this effect of miR-214 may be partly due to its regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.
tongue neoplasms; tongue squamous-cell carcinoma; mocro RNA-214; drug resistance of tumor; Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway; β-catenin protein; multidrug resistance 1 protein
四川省科技廳-瀘州市科技局-瀘州醫(yī)學(xué)院聯(lián)合項目(LY-51);貴州省科教青年英才培養(yǎng)工程[黔省專合字(2012)192號]。
唐海波(1983-),男,碩士研究生,主治醫(yī)師,主要研究方向為口腔頜面部腫瘤治療。E-mail: tanghaibokqk@yeah.net
劉敏(1965-),女,碩士研究生導(dǎo)師,教授,主任醫(yī)師,主要研究方向為口腔種植。E-mail: dr_liumin@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2017.02.003
R739.86
A
1002-266X(2017)02-0010-04
2016-09-20)