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      探討冠心病PCI術(shù)后心肌肌鈣蛋白I升高的臨床價值

      2017-07-17 15:34:31盤慶飛黃賢何秀麗
      中國實用醫(yī)藥 2017年18期
      關(guān)鍵詞:冠心病

      盤慶飛 黃賢 何秀麗

      【摘要】 目的 探討冠心病經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入治療(PCI)術(shù)后心肌肌鈣蛋白I(cTnI)值升高對患者臨床預(yù)后的影響。方法 選擇接受PCI術(shù)的119例冠心病患者, 監(jiān)測PCI手術(shù)前后cTnI的水平, PCI術(shù)前cTnI水平正常者56例(47.1%), 術(shù)前cTnI水平升高者63例(52.9%);PCI術(shù)后cTnI升高者33例(27.7%)。按cTnI的水平將患者分為cTnI術(shù)前術(shù)后均正常組(Group Ⅰ組, 51例), cTnI術(shù)前正常術(shù)后升高組(Group Ⅱ組, 5例), cTnI術(shù)前術(shù)后升高組(Group Ⅲ組, 30例)。記錄PCI術(shù)后各組間心臟事件的發(fā)生率并進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果 Group Ⅰ組中心律失常發(fā)生率為7.8%(4/51), Group Ⅱ組為60.0%(3/5), Group Ⅲ組為56.7%(17/30);而三組急性心力衰竭的發(fā)生率分別為3.9%, 40.0%, 46.7%;住院期間三組均無死亡病例;Group Ⅱ組 和Group Ⅲ組急性心力衰竭和心律失常的發(fā)生率明顯高于Group Ⅰ組(P<0.05), 由此可以得出PCI術(shù)后cTnI升高與住院期間患者心臟時間的發(fā)生率明顯相關(guān)。Group Ⅲ組和Group Ⅱ組30 d

      內(nèi)死亡率高于Group Ⅰ組, 差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。PCI術(shù)后隨訪1年, Group Ⅲ組二次返院率和死亡率高于Group Ⅰ組(P<0.05);Group Ⅲ組和Group Ⅱ組再次PCI率和行CABG率高于Group Ⅰ (P<0.05)。結(jié)論 cTnI對于預(yù)測PCI術(shù)后心臟事件的發(fā)生有一定的價值。

      【關(guān)鍵詞】 冠心?。唤?jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入治療;心肌肌鈣蛋白I

      DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.18.010

      【Abstract】 Objective To explore the impact of elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) value after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on clinical prognosis of patients. Methods A total of 119 coronary heart disease patients undergoing PCI were selected to monitor the levels of cTnI before and after PCI, and there were

      56 cases (47.1%) with normal cTnI level before PCI, 63 cases (52.9%) with increased cTnI level before PCI, and 33 cases (27.7%) with increased cTnI level after PCI. They were divided by cTnI levels into normal cTnI before and after operation group (Group Ⅰ, 51 cases), normal cTnI before operation and elevated cTnI after operation group (Group Ⅱ, 5 cases) and elevated cTnI before and after operation (Group Ⅲ, 30 cases). Record and analysis were made on incidence of cardiac events in groups after PCI. Results Group Ⅰ had incidence of arrhythmia as 7.8% (4/51), which was 60.0% (3/5) in Group Ⅱ and 56.7% (17/30) in Group Ⅲ. Three groups had incidence of acute heart failure respectively as 3.9%, 40.0% and 46.7%, and no death case showed during hospitalization. Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ had obviously higher incidence of acute heart failure and arrhythmia than Group Ⅰ (P<0.05), and it can be concluded that cTnI elevation after PCI is significantly correlated with the incidence of cardiac events during hospitalization. Group Ⅲ and Group Ⅱ had higher death rate within 30 d than Group Ⅰ, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Follow-up after PCI for 1 year showed that Group Ⅲ had higher second hospital return rate and death rate than Group Ⅰ (P<0.05). Group Ⅲ and Group Ⅱ had higher second PCI rate and CABG rate than Group Ⅰ (P<0.05). Conclusion cTnI shows certain value for prediction of occurrence of cardiac events after PCI.

      【Key words】 Coronary heart disease; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Cardiac troponin I

      經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入治療(percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI)是指經(jīng)心導(dǎo)管技術(shù)疏通狹窄甚至閉塞的冠狀動脈血管, 從而改善心肌血流灌注的治療方法[1, 2]。對于慢性穩(wěn)定型冠心病有較大范圍心肌缺血證據(jù)的患者, PCI術(shù)是緩解癥狀的有效方法之一。但作為有創(chuàng)操作, PCI術(shù)難免會造成微血管的損傷, 伴隨而來的則是血管內(nèi)皮功能受損, 炎癥過程被激活, 進(jìn)一步造成不穩(wěn)定動脈粥樣硬化斑塊的脫落, 而這一系列的病理生理變化勢必會導(dǎo)致微血管的栓塞, 從而引發(fā)相關(guān)臨床并發(fā)癥[3-5]。心肌肌鈣蛋白I(cardiac troponin I, cTnI)在監(jiān)測心肌損傷方面有著較高的靈敏度和特異度[6]。本研究的目的為評估cTnI升高對PCI術(shù)后患者短期臨床事件發(fā)生率的影響。

      1 資料與方法

      1. 1 一般資料 選擇2012年1月~2014年6月在深圳市寶安區(qū)石巖人民醫(yī)院和羅湖區(qū)人民醫(yī)院因心絞痛和(或)心肌缺血成功接受PCI手術(shù)的119例患者, 其中女25例(21.0%), 男94例(79.0%);穩(wěn)定型心絞痛39例(32.8%), 不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛16例(13.4%), 非ST段抬高的心肌梗死(NSTEMI)40例(33.6%), ST段抬高的心肌梗死(STEMI)24例(20.2%)。PCI術(shù)前cTnI水平正常者56例(47.1%), 術(shù)前cTnI水平升高者63例

      (52.9%);PCI術(shù)后cTnI升高者33例(27.7%)。將患者分為cTnI術(shù)前術(shù)后均正常組(Group Ⅰ組, 51例), cTnI術(shù)前正常術(shù)后升高組(Group Ⅱ組, 5例), cTnI術(shù)前術(shù)后升高組(Group Ⅲ組, 30例)。

      1. 2 方法 分別于PCI術(shù)前1 h、術(shù)后24 h采集患者靜脈血, 由醫(yī)院檢驗科采用ARCHITECT i-2000 SR全自動免疫分析儀(美國雅培)檢測血清cTnI水平。cTnI臨界值為1.5 ng/ml。PCI術(shù)成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn):殘余狹窄<30%, 且梗死相關(guān)血管TIMI 血流分級達(dá)3 級。術(shù)后即開始進(jìn)行隨訪觀察, 時間為1個月。對出現(xiàn)心律失常、住院期間死亡、急性心力衰竭、二次返院、再次PCI、冠狀動脈搭橋術(shù)(CABG)和死亡事件的發(fā)生率等予以記錄。

      1. 3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 采用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計分析。計量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差( x-±s)表示, 采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2檢驗。P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      PCI術(shù)前cTnI水平正常者56例(47.1%), 術(shù)前cTnI水平升高者63例(52.9%);PCI術(shù)后cTnI升高者33例(27.7%)。Group Ⅰ組中心律失常發(fā)生率為7.8%(4/51), Group Ⅱ組為60.0%(3/5), Group Ⅲ組為56.7%(17/30);而三組急性心力衰竭的發(fā)生率分別為3.9%, 40.0%, 46.7%;住院期間三組均無死亡病例;Group Ⅱ組和Group Ⅲ組急性心力衰竭和心律失常的發(fā)生率明顯高于Group Ⅰ組(P<0.05), 由此可以得出PCI術(shù)后cTnI升高與住院期間患者心臟時間的發(fā)生率明顯相關(guān)。Group Ⅲ組和Group Ⅱ組30 d內(nèi)死亡率高于Group Ⅰ組, 差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。PCI術(shù)后隨訪1年, Group Ⅲ組二次返院率和死亡率高于Group Ⅰ組(P<0.05);Group Ⅲ組和Group Ⅱ組再次PCI率和行CABG率高于Group Ⅰ(P<0.05)。見表1。

      3 小結(jié)

      現(xiàn)有研究認(rèn)為PCI術(shù)后心肌肌鈣蛋白I升高, 提示介入治療可能引起心肌損傷[6-8]。本研究討論了PCI術(shù)前術(shù)后cTnI水平的變化對于PCI術(shù)后心臟事件的評估價值, 對于PCI術(shù)前術(shù)后cTnI水平均正?;颊?, 其心臟事件的發(fā)生率較低, 而PCI術(shù)后cTnI水平升高, 則心臟事件的發(fā)生顯著增加, 這種顯著性差異在PCI術(shù)前cTnI水平升高的患者中更為明顯。因此cTnI對于預(yù)測PCI術(shù)后心臟事件的發(fā)生有一定價值, PCI術(shù)前cTnI水平較高, 則術(shù)后發(fā)生心臟事件的可能性更大。

      參考文獻(xiàn)

      [1] Banning AP, Baumbach A, Blackman D, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention in the UK: recommendations for good practice 2015. 2015, 101(Suppl_3):1.

      [2] 李丕寶, 徐慶國, 姚艷粉, 等. 急性心肌梗死急診經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入治療圍術(shù)期死亡原因探討. 中國綜合臨床, 2013;29(10): 1055-1057.

      [3] Auguadro C, Scalise F, Manfredi M, et al. The prognostic role of troponin I elevation after elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2015, 16(3):149-155.

      [4] Hall TS, Hallén J, Krucoff MW, et al. Cardiac troponin I for prediction of clinical outcomes and cardiac function through 3-month follow-up after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal, 2015, 169(2):257-265.

      [5] 盤慶飛, 黃賢, 何秀麗, 等. 冠心病PCI術(shù)后肌鈣蛋白I的變化及其臨床意義. 中國實用醫(yī)藥, 2016, 11(4):24-25.

      [6] Feldman DN, Kim L, Rene AG, et al. Prognostic value of cardiac troponin-I or troponin-T elevation following nonemergent percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv , 2011, 77(7):1020-1030.

      [7] Zhang M, He H, Wang ZM, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of minor elevated cardiac troponin levels for percutaneous coronary intervention-related myocardial injury: a prospective, single-center and double-blind study. J Biomed Res , 2014, 28(2):98-107.

      [8] Lee T, Yonetsu T, Koura K, et al. Impact of coronary plaque morphology assessed by optical coherence tomography on cardiac troponin elevation in patients with elective stent implantation. Circ Cardiovasc Interv, 2011, 4(4):378-386.

      [收稿日期:2017-03-20]

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