江蘇 陳傳光
冠詞是置于名詞之前,說明名詞所表示的人或事物的一種虛詞。冠詞也可以說是名詞的一種標(biāo)志,它不能離開名詞而單獨(dú)存在。
在英語中,冠詞可以分為定冠詞和不定冠詞兩種。
不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式,a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前;an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前。不定冠詞的用法如下:
1.第一次提到某人(事物)且并非特指時(shí),用不定冠詞作介紹作用。例如:
Han Mei's parents paid a visit to England recently.
Helen is studying in a middle school in China.
2.用在單數(shù)普通名詞前指一類人(事物),但不具體說明何人(事物)。例如:
A car runs faster than a bus.
She is an English teacher.
3.用在單數(shù)名詞前,表示“一”,是數(shù)的概念,但沒有one強(qiáng)烈。例如:
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4.用在表示時(shí)間或度量單位的名詞前,有“每一”的意思。例如:
The car is running 80 kilometers an hour.
5.用于某些習(xí)慣用語中。例如:
a few、a little、a lot of、a number of、in a hurry、a long time ago、an hour or two、once upon a time、have a rest、have a cold、take a look at、take a walk、for a while等。
英語中的定冠詞只有一個(gè),即the。其用法如下:
1.特指某人(事物),或指雙方都知道的人(事物),或上文提到過的人(事物)。例如:
Who is the boy?
I bought a bike yesterday. The bike is red.
2.用在世界上獨(dú)一無二事物的名詞前;用在江、河、湖和海、山脈等名詞前;用在序數(shù)詞前;用在表示樂器的名詞前;用在形容詞最高級(jí)前;用在方位詞前。例如:
The teacher told us the moon moves round the sun.
The Changjiang River is the longest river in the world.
3.用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前面,表示“夫婦”或“一家人”。例如:
The Blacks are interested in watching football games.
The Wangs have moved into the new flat.
4.用在有后置定語的名詞前,表示特指。例如:
The girl in red has got her arm broken.
I'll pass it to the soldier under the tree.
5.用在某些形容詞前表示“一類人”。例如:
The weak, like the strong, have their own place in the world.
People, both the poor and the rich like watching TV.
6.用于某些習(xí)慣用語中。例如:
in the morning、in the end、in the middle of、at the moment、on the right / left、on the other side of、go to the cinema、the Summer Palace、the Great Wall、the USA等。
1.復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞表示一般意義而不表示具體的人或物時(shí),不用冠詞。例如:
Water is needed by all the living things.
Ducks swim very well.
2.名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格時(shí),不用冠詞。例如:
I will buy this computer for my brother if I have any money.
3.泛指節(jié)日、季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前不用冠詞。例如:
Teachers' Day、Children's Day、in May、at Christmas、in summer等。
4.在三餐、棋類、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱前,以及稱呼語、職位頭銜名詞前不用冠詞。例如:
He went to school without breakfast.
Boys prefer playing football to playing the violin.
5.不用冠詞的習(xí)慣用語。例如:
at noon、at night、at first、by bus、on foot、go to school、go to bed、in hospital、stay in bed、at home、day and night、face to face、from morning till night、husband and wife等。
1.—What_____useful book it is!—Yeah,it tells you how to play the guitar.
A.an B.a C.the D./
【2018·內(nèi)江中考題】
【答案與解析】B a用于輔音音素開頭的單詞前,an用于元音音素開頭的單詞前。useful的第一個(gè)音素為輔音,要用a。
2.Hawking, one of_____most famous scientists, passed away in March.
【2018·鎮(zhèn)江中考題】
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
【答案與解析】C 固定結(jié)構(gòu):one of the+形容詞的最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,意為“最……的……之一”。故選C項(xiàng)。
3.I spend hour playing drums everyday.
【2018·綏化中考題】
A.a; the B.an; / C.an; the
【答案與解析】C 不定冠詞用在表示時(shí)間的名詞前,有“每一”的意思,an hour意為“一個(gè)小時(shí)”;樂器類前要加定冠詞the。故選C項(xiàng)。
4.—I'm thirsty, Mom.
—Here is_____bottle of water for you.
【2018·淮安中考題】
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案與解析】A 不定冠詞用在單數(shù)名詞前,表示“一”,是數(shù)的概念,a bottle of water意為“一瓶水”。故選A項(xiàng)。
5.We should have_____breakfast every day to keep healthy.
【2018·青島中考題】
A.a B.an C./ D.the
【答案與解析】C 表示三餐的名詞前不用冠詞。故選C項(xiàng)。
6.There will be_____talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon.
【2018·宿遷中考題】
A.the B.an C.a D./
【答案與解析】C 表示泛指的數(shù)量“一”時(shí),應(yīng)用不定冠詞a或an。其后的talk的第一個(gè)音素是輔音音素,應(yīng)用冠詞a。故選C項(xiàng)。
根據(jù)句意,在需要的地方填入適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~。
1.This is_____way we walk to school. That is_____way we draw with markers.
2.In_____morning, I have_____breakfast. Then I go to_____school.
3.This is_____good way we wear our clothes on_____Sunday morning.
4.My bicycle is broken. I need_____new chain.
5.I have_____friend named Jenny Smith.She goes to school on foot.
6.This eraser is on_____sale._____eraser is one yuan.
7.That is a new book._____book is for Miss Green.
8.My uncle isn't_____old man, and he likes playing_____football.
(答案見第64頁)