【摘要】文學作品The Nightingale and the Rose 是英國詩人奧斯卡·王爾德的代表作品,文風浪漫,翻譯文學作品應適當刪減關聯(lián)詞,保留原作的風格,注意傳達原作的感情色彩。
【關鍵詞】文學翻譯;關聯(lián)詞;風格
【作者簡介】傅梅珍,女,福建莆田人,福州大學外國語學院,碩士,研究方向:英語筆譯。
翻譯本作品時,主要注意以下幾點:首先,英文重形合,這篇作品中也是如此,多次出現(xiàn) “so”、“but”等邏輯詞,而中文重意合,無需過多的關聯(lián)詞。其次,還應注意保留原作的修辭。文學作品有較強的感情色彩,因此多用重復、排比、擬人的手法,一般情況下應保留此類修辭,但有時為了譯文的流暢度和可讀性,可適當刪減重復片段。
一、漢譯實踐
And when the moon shone in the heavens the nightingale flew to the rose tree, and set her breast against the thorn. All night long she sang, with her breast against the thorn, and the cold crystal moon leaned down and listened. All night long she sang, and the thorn went deeper and deeper into her breast, and her lifeblood ebbed away from her.
She sang first of the birth of love in the heart of a boy and a girl. And on the topmost spray of the rose tree there blossomed a marvelous rose, petal following petal, as song followed song. Pale was it, at first, as the mist that hangs over the river—pale as the feet of the morning, and silver as the wings of the dawn. As the shadow of a rose in a mirror of silver, as the shadow of a rose in a water-pool, so was the rose that blossomed on the topmost spray of the Tree.
(163 words excerpted from The Nightingale and the Rose)
月光照亮蒼穹,夜鶯飛向玫瑰樹,胸口抵在刺上。整整一夜,她都在歌唱,刺扎進她的胸口,連冰晶皓潔的月亮也俯身傾聽。整整一夜,她都在歌唱,刺也在胸口處扎得越來越深,鮮血漸漸淌盡。
她起初歌唱男女之間萌生的愛意。樹的頂端盛放著一朵無與倫比的玫瑰,花瓣一片接著一片掉落,她一首接著一首唱。一開始,她面色蒼白,宛如河上的薄霧,清晨的白輝,銀亮似黎明的曙光;既像銀鏡和水面上的玫瑰倒影,又似樹頂盛放的玫瑰。
(163字,節(jié)選自《夜鶯與玫瑰》)
二、譯文賞析
The Nightingale and the Rose 講述了一個動人的童話故事:一個學生愛上了一個女孩,女孩要求學生送一朵紅玫瑰才答應與之共舞。學生因找不到紅玫瑰而大哭,夜鶯聽聞其哭聲,覺得學生很重感情,因此愛上這個學生,決定用鮮血染紅玫瑰。節(jié)選即為夜鶯用自己的鮮血染紅玫瑰的一個片段,十分凄婉感人。
首先,文學作品應注意少用關聯(lián)詞,以免譯文拖沓啰嗦。如:“And when the moon shone in the heavens….”其中的“And”和“when”都可以直接省去不譯,譯為“月光照亮蒼穹…”。
其次,翻譯時應注意作者的語意重心。如:“All night long she sang,…”,倘若此句譯作“她整夜歌唱”,顯然譯文很流暢簡約,但無法傳達出原作的語意重心。作者把“All night long”放在句首,是為了強調(diào)夜鶯一整個晚上都在唱個不停,因此翻譯時應保留原文的組句順序,先譯“All night long”,再譯“She sang”。
其三,翻譯排比句時可適當刪減重復片段,使譯文流暢精簡。如:“As the shadow of a rose in a mirror of silver, as the shadow of a rose in a water-pool, so was the rose that blossomed on the topmost spray of the Tree.”例句中出現(xiàn)兩次“As the shadow of a rose”,倘若譯成“正如銀鏡中的玫瑰倒影,水面的玫瑰倒影”,十分拖沓,因此將“in a mirror of silver”和“in a water-pool”兩個介詞短語并排,刪去一個重復片段,譯作:“既像銀鏡和水面上的玫瑰倒影…”。
最后,選取合適的動詞與主語搭配。如“the thorn went deeper and deeper into her breast,”這里的“went”是系動詞,也是很常見的小詞,翻譯時應根據(jù)主語“the thorn”選取合適的動詞,譯成“扎”。
參考文獻:
[1]Nida,A.Eugene,Charles,R.Taber.The Theory And Practice of Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.2004:45.
[2]楊仕章.文化翻譯觀:翻譯諸悖論的統(tǒng)一[J].外語學刊,2000(4):35.