摘 要:培養(yǎng)發(fā)展學生核心素養(yǎng)是落實立德樹人根本任務的必然要求,高中英語教學最終是要促成學生核心素養(yǎng)的發(fā)展。落實英語學習活動觀,是有效形成英語學科核心素養(yǎng)的重要途徑?,F(xiàn)實英語教學中,教師容易僅拘泥于教材,按部就班,無法靈活多變創(chuàng)造性地運用手中的材料。本文從一則聽力材料的二度利用著手,詳細展示了如何踐行英語學習活動觀,通過確立目標任務和優(yōu)化學習方式,讓學生在活動中獲取語言知識,提升思維品質、學習能力及語言運用能力。
關鍵詞:英語核心素養(yǎng);英語學習活動觀;聽力材料
《普通高中英語課程標準(2017年版)》明確了英語課程育人總目標,即培養(yǎng)具有家國情懷、國際視野和跨文化溝通能力的社會主義建設者和接班人,同時提煉出了要培養(yǎng)學生的英語學科核心素養(yǎng),即學生的語言能力、文化品格、思維品質和學習能力??v觀近幾年高考全國卷I,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)試題更多從能力立意向素養(yǎng)立意轉變。高中英語教學,既存在著應對新高考變革之態(tài)勢,又擔負著實現(xiàn)育人目標的重任,所以在教學過程中,要求教師積極探索核心素養(yǎng)實現(xiàn)的路徑,要把實踐育人目標融合到英語知識與技能、過程與方法、情感態(tài)度與價值觀教育中去。新課標開創(chuàng)性地提出了“英語學習活動觀”,并指出它有助于學科核心素養(yǎng)的有效形成。英語學習活動觀是指在英語教學過程中,教師通過設置精確的主題任務,學生在主題任務的引領下,通過閱讀、理解、分析、運用、遷移、創(chuàng)新等一系列英語學習活動,讓學生運用故有的知識積累,基于各種類型的語篇環(huán)境,在分析和解決問題的過程中,助力語言知識的學習、語言技能的提升、文化內涵的理解、多元思維的培養(yǎng)、正確價值取向的形成和學習策略的運用。這種學習活動是豐富學生語言知識、發(fā)展語言技能,提升思維品質、增強文化意識、培養(yǎng)學習能力、形成核心素養(yǎng)的活動,具有很強的實踐性、綜合性和關聯(lián)性的特點。
現(xiàn)實中的高中英語教學,大多數(shù)教師仍未形成英語學習活動觀,拘泥于教材,教材有什么,就教什么,按部就班,照本宣科,無法靈活多變創(chuàng)造性地運用手中的材料。在聽力課教學過程中,教師沒有考慮聽力文本材料的體裁、背景、作者的意圖、材料對學生的知識與能力、情感態(tài)度價值觀的教育意義等,而都是直接播放錄音,學生按要求完成各項聽力任務;講解時教師只引導學生從文本內容表層意思去理解選出正確的答案,而沒能真正讓學生學會聽的過程與方法,更沒有創(chuàng)造性地對材料進行深度解讀與利用,以致學生無法從聽力材料中獲取足夠的語言信息,養(yǎng)成關鍵的能力與品質,形成英語學科核心素養(yǎng)。聽力教學應充分調動學生的積極性與主動性,讓學生積極參與課堂,發(fā)揚學生自主、合作、探究、創(chuàng)新的精神,以培養(yǎng)他們聽說讀寫的語言運用能力、綜合思維能力和分析解決問題的能力。下面結合本人的一個課例來說,以《2017年泉州市英語質量檢查二》聽力第10段錄音原文為例:
錄音原文如下:
In ancient times, merchants passed silk, gold, fruit, and glass along the Silk Road in more than one direction. They earned their living by traveling the famous Silk Road, which was not a simple trading network. It started from eastern China, across Central Asia and the Middle East, and ended in Europe. It was used from about 200 BC to about AD 1300, when sea travel offered new routes. However, the Silk Road was made up of many routes, not one smooth path. The routes crossed mountains and deserts and had many dangers of hot sun, deep snow and even battles. The Silk Road got its name from its most prized product. The traders carried more than just silk. Gold, silver, and glass from Europe were found a lot in the Middle East and Asia. Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded salt and other valuable goods. Chinese merchants traded paper, which produced an immediate effect on the West. Apples traveled from central Asia to Rome. The people along the Silk Road did not share just goods. They also shared their beliefs. Well, after this lecture, you are supposed to preview the next passage about the Maritime Silk Road, that is, the Silk Road on the sea.
這篇文章主要講述了“一帶一路”倡議的相關內容,這是我國對外開放的又一重大舉措,它構架了亞歐非大陸及附近海洋的互聯(lián)互通,形成了沿線各國互聯(lián)互通伙伴關系,有利于促進我國對外經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和對內供給的改革,提高我國對外經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平,同時也有利于促進沿線國家和地區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和人文交流。泉州是古代海上絲綢之路的重要起點,在“一帶一路”倡議的建設中,具有舉足輕重的地位。加深對這則材料的理解,有助于學生加深了解沿線國家的自然地理、經(jīng)濟社會、人文歷史、風俗習慣、價值理念;培養(yǎng)學生熱愛家鄉(xiāng)、報效祖國的思想,加深對本國文化理解認同,形成跨文化交際的能力;同時也有利于培養(yǎng)學生優(yōu)秀的文化品格,理解和尊重多元文化,堅持各民族文化一律的原則,感悟和鑒賞中外文化差異,博采他國文化之精華,形成中華文化自信。那如何更好地利用這則材料呢?我的做法如下:
(一) 濃縮改寫,培養(yǎng)學生的語言能力
課前將這則材料分發(fā)學生,要求學生在熟讀、理解的基礎上將這篇文章改寫成100詞左右的短文。學生在語篇分析的過程中,通過分析、比較、歸納、概括等思維訓練,加深對文本深層理解,理出線索,歸納出作者的寫作意圖,學生運用所學知識濃縮改寫,有助于培養(yǎng)學生書面表達能力和綜合概括能力,理性表達自己的觀點思想。
優(yōu)秀文稿展示:
The Silk Road dates back to 200 BC, including the Northern and Southern Silk Roads on the land and the Silk Road on the sea. It served as the ancient trade routes connecting Asian Continent with European Continent. In ancient times, merchants earned their living by trading goods. However, the Silk Road was not smooth with mountains, deserts and various dangerous regions all the way. But exchange and communication continued between the East and the West because of the peoples wishes for peace. The countries along the Silk Road exchanged not just valuable goods but also cultures and beliefs, which made great contributions to the development of Asia and Europe.
(二) 改正為錯,提升學生的思維品質
常規(guī)的英語教學及考試中,改錯題要求學生將文中錯誤之處挑出并改正。學生習慣于把錯改正,在思維上形成一個定勢。而在教學中,我們可以讓學生嘗試改正為錯,熟悉改錯題常規(guī)設置思路,培養(yǎng)逆向思維品質。在上面優(yōu)秀文稿的基礎上,要求學生設置10個常見錯誤并配上答案。
學生設置10個錯誤的成果展示:
The Silk Road dated(dates) back to 200 BC, including the Northern and Southern Silk Roads on the land and the Silk Road on the sea. (也有學生將這句改成:The Silk Road dated(dating) back to 200 BC, includes the Northern and Southern Silk Roads on the land and the Silk Road on the sea.) It serve(served) as the ancient trade routes connecting Asian Continent with European Continent. In ancient time(times), merchants earned our(their) living by trading goods. However, the Silk Road was not smoothly(smooth) with mountains, deserts and various dangerous regions all the way. So(But) exchange and communication continued between the East and the West because∧(of)the peoples wishes for peace. The countries along with(with刪除) the Silk Road exchanged not just valuable goods but also cultures and beliefs, which made an(a) great contribution to the develop(development) of Asia and Europe.
(三) 師生合作,改寫文體,培養(yǎng)學生的學習能力
課堂上老師與學生一起將文章修改成三段介紹“一帶一路”倡議的說明文,根據(jù)說明文的寫作特點,分別介紹名稱、路線、作用,提升到現(xiàn)在的主題,然后讓學生找出形容詞或副詞、動詞、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞,并進行考點設題。
師生擴寫文稿展示:
The Silk Road, with a history of more than 2,000 years, is a historically important international trade route in China and the Mediterranean(地中海). In ancient times silk took up a large part of trade along this road, and the road got its name from this most prized product—silk. However, it was in 1877 that the road was named the Silk Road by a German geographer.
This ancient road starts from Changan, runs by way of the Hexi Corridor(河西走廊) and reaches Dun Huang, where it divides into three: the Southern Route, Central Route and Northern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)), and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.
The road linking the East to the West helped to develop and increase the trades among the countries along the road. Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded salt and other valuable goods while Chinese merchants traded paper. All these show us the Silk Road is a great way to promote exchange, cooperation, friendship and peace.
學生成果展示:
The Silk Road, with a history of more than 2,000 years, is a 1 (historical) important international trade route in China and the Mediterranean(地中海). In ancient times silk took up a large part of trade along this road, and the road got 2 (it) name from this most prized product—silk. However, it was in 1877 3 the road was named the Silk Road by a German geographer.
This ancient road starts from Changan, 4 (run) by way of the Hexi Corridor(河西走廊)and reaches Dun Huang, 5 it divides into three:the Southern Route, Central Route and Northern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)), and then they extend as 6 as Pakistan, India and even Rome.
The road 7 (link) the East to the West helped to develop and increase the trades among the 8 (country) along the road. Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded salt and other 9 (value) goods while Chinese merchants traded paper. All these show us the Silk Road is a great way 10 (promote) exchange, cooperation, friendship and peace.
參考答案及解析:
1. historically 2. its 3. that(強調句) 4. runs(并列謂語動詞) 5. where(定語從句) 6. far...(as far as遠到……) 7. linking(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語) 8. countries(輔音字母+y結尾的可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式) 9. valuable(形容詞) 10. to promote或of promoting
(四) 課后拓展,培養(yǎng)學生文化品格
圍繞“一帶一路”倡議的主題,布置學生課后進行拓展閱讀,上網(wǎng)查找沿線國家地區(qū)的文化歷史、風土人情等,就某一方面用英文寫一篇介紹相關國家或地區(qū)的作文;用英語傳播中華文化,講述中國故事;出一份相關的英語手抄報;交一個外國朋友,用英語進行溝通;學一首外文歌曲;編一出英語情景劇等。通過上述活動來培養(yǎng)學生的文化品格,讓學生能習得并積累中外文化知識,理解和尊重外國文化,在與外國文化的交往中吸取精華,增強民族文化自信心,形成跨文化交際的能力。
上文師生一起參與按要求對所給材料進行再次開發(fā)利用的設題活動,真正體現(xiàn)了英語學習活動觀,培養(yǎng)學生的文化品格與思維品質,英語學習能力和語言能力;又提高了學生應試能力,活躍了課堂氛圍,改變了以往老師滿堂灌的教學模式。總之,高中英語教學應立足學生的實際,尊重學生主體,堅持落實英語學習活動觀,充分調動學生的積極性和主動性,創(chuàng)造性地使用教材進行深度教學,以培養(yǎng)發(fā)展學生英語學科核心素養(yǎng)。
參考文獻:
[1]王薔.從綜合語言運用能力到英語學科核心素養(yǎng)——高中英語課程改革的新挑戰(zhàn)[J].英語教師,2015(16).
[2]宮一民.淺論基于核心素養(yǎng)的高中英語閱讀教學[J].中國高新區(qū),2018(4).
作者簡介:
王倫輝,福建省晉江市,福建省晉江市養(yǎng)正中學。