張玉慧 宋為民 孫莉 馬芹 曉軍 丁香 石桂秀
[摘要] 目的 檢測(cè)類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎患者血清25羥維生素D水平并分析影響其水平的相關(guān)因素。 方法 收集亳州市人民醫(yī)院2017年3~12月類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎就診患者及體檢健康人群各82例,測(cè)定其血清25羥維生素D水平,并采集患者一般資料、體重指數(shù)、日曬時(shí)間、類風(fēng)濕因子、抗環(huán)瓜氨酸多肽抗體、抗核抗體、血鈣、疾病活動(dòng)度(DAS28)、壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)或腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)等臨床資料,進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)。 結(jié)果 97.6%的類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎患者存在血清25羥維生素D不足或缺乏,類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎患者的血清25羥維生素D含量低于健康人群(P < 0.01);病程不足2年的類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎患者25羥維生素D水平高于病程2年以上者(P < 0.05);男性類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎患者25羥維生素D水平明顯高于女性(P < 0.05);類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎患者25羥維生素D水平與女性(r = -0.291,P < 0.01)、平均日曬時(shí)間(r = 0.237,P < 0.05)、病程(r = -0.322,P < 0.01)、血鈣水平(r = 0.300,P < 0.01)、壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)(r = -0.348,P < 0.01)、腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)(r = -0.238,P < 0.05)和DAS28(r = -0.258,P < 0.05)相關(guān)。 結(jié)論 類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎患者普遍存在25羥維生素D不足或缺乏。女性、平均每日日曬時(shí)間小于30 min、病程長、低血鈣、高DAS28、高壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、高腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)可能是其預(yù)測(cè)因素。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎;維生素D;疾病活動(dòng)度;相關(guān)因素
[中圖分類號(hào)] R593.22? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2019)02(b)-0142-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its related factors. Methods Eighty-two cases of? patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 82 cases of healthy controls were collected from Bozhou People′s Hospital from March to December 2017, the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was measured, and the general characteristics, body mass index, sun exposure time, rheumatoid factor, cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, calcium, disease activity score (DAS28), tender joint count and swollen joint count were collected. Results The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level insufficiency and deficiency was detected in 97.6% of rheumatoid arthritis patients. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in rheumatoid arthritis patients were lower than that in healthy control (P < 0.01). Patients with rheumatoid arthritis with a course of less than 2 years had a higher level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D than patients with a course of more than 2 years (P < 0.05). Among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in male were significantly higher than in female (P < 0.05). In rheumatoid arthritis patients, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was significantly associated with female (r = -0.291, P < 0.01), average sun exposure time (r = 0.237, P < 0.05), course (r = -0.322, P < 0.01), calcium level (r = 0.300, P < 0.01), tender joint count (r = -0.348, P < 0.01), swollen joint count (r = -0.238, P < 0.05) and DAS28 (r = -0.258,P < 0.05). Conclusion 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency and deficiency is quite common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Female, average daily sun exposure time less than 30 minutes, longer course, hypocalcemia, higher DAS28, more tender joint count and swollen joint count might be the predictors.
[Key words] Rheumatoid arthritis; Vitamin D; Disease activity; Related factor
類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是最常見的炎性關(guān)節(jié)病,是以對(duì)稱性、侵蝕性、多個(gè)小關(guān)節(jié)的慢性炎癥為主要臨床表現(xiàn)的自身免疫性疾病,世界范圍內(nèi)患病率為0.5%~1.0%[1]。其發(fā)病機(jī)制主要是巨噬細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞、成纖維細(xì)胞、軟骨細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞等多種細(xì)胞參與的免疫紊亂。近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn),維生素D(VD)除了維持人體鈣、磷等礦物質(zhì)的平衡外,還發(fā)揮著重要的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用[2-3]。本研究調(diào)查了RA患者血清25羥維生素D[25-hydroxyvitamin D,25(OH)D]水平及其相關(guān)影響因素?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集亳州市人民醫(yī)院2017年3~12月RA患者(RA組)和同期健康對(duì)照人群(對(duì)照組)各82例。所有RA患者均符合2009年ACR/EULAR關(guān)于RA的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4],排除嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全及惡性腫瘤患者。
1.2 方法
采集患者一般信息、體重指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)、平均每日日曬時(shí)間≥30 min(日曬)情況、病程、壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)(tender joint count,TJC)和腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)(swollen joint count,SJC)、血沉和C反應(yīng)蛋白、疾病活動(dòng)度(disease activity score,DAS28)、25(OH)D水平、血鈣水平、類風(fēng)濕因子(rheumatoid factor,RF)、抗環(huán)瓜氨酸多肽(cyclic citrullinated peptide,CCP)抗體、抗核抗體(anti-nuclear antibody,ANA)、合并癥(如間質(zhì)性肺病和冠心病等)、既往糖皮質(zhì)激素(glucocorticoid,GC)累積劑量等信息。DAS28采用計(jì)算公式:DAS28=0.56× +0.28× +0.36×ln(CRP+1)×1.10+1.15。25(OH)D≥30 ng/mL被定義為25(OH)D正常,20 ng/mL≤25(OH)D<30 ng/mL被定義為25(OH)D不足,25(OH)D<20 ng/mL被定義為25(OH)D缺乏。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn)或方差分析;偏態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù)間距)[M(Q)]表示,組間比較采用非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);25(OH)D水平與其他各指標(biāo)相關(guān)性分析采用Pearson(連續(xù)性變量)或Spearman(分類變量)相關(guān)性分析進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 RA患者與健康對(duì)照人群的部分一般資料比較
兩組性別、年齡、漢族占比、BMI、充分日曬者占比比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。RA組血清25(OH)D水平低于健康對(duì)照組(P < 0.01)。見表1。RA患者中,25(OH)D水平不足者27例,缺乏者53例,不足與缺乏者總占比97.6%;健康對(duì)照人群中,25(OH)D水平不足者31例,缺乏者32例,不足與缺乏者總占比76.83%。
2.2 早期與非早期RA患者年齡及血清25(OH)D水平比較
以病程24個(gè)月為界,< 24個(gè)月的RA患者為早期組,≥24個(gè)月的RA患者為非早期組。早期組與非早期組平均病程分別為[5.2(2,10)]個(gè)月和[146.2(60, 240)]個(gè)月。早期組年齡低于非早期組(P < 0.01),早期組血清25(OH)D水平高于非早期組(P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 不同性別RA患者血清25(OH)D水平及日曬時(shí)間比較
本研究納入的RA患者中,女性占80.49%。男性RA患者血清25(OH)D水平高于女性(P < 0.05);男性平均每日日曬時(shí)間>30 min者占比高于女性(P < 0.05)。見表3。
2.4 低齡與高齡RA患者的部分資料比較
將< 50歲的RA患者作為低齡組,將≥50歲的RA患者作為高齡組,低齡組病程短于高齡組(P < 0.01);兩組25(OH)D水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表4。
2.5 不同血清25(OH)D水平RA患者的部分資料比較
按照血清25(OH)D水平將82例RA患者分為正常組、不足組及缺乏組,正常組2例(2.4%),不足組27例(32.9%),缺乏組53例(64.6%)。三組的女性、日曬時(shí)間>30 min者占比、血鈣水平及壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。不足組及缺乏組血鈣水平均低于正常組(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。見表5。
2.6 血清25(OH)D水平與各指標(biāo)相關(guān)性
本研究82例RA患者25(OH)D水平與女性(r = -0.291,P < 0.01)、日曬(r = 0.237,P < 0.05)、病程(r = -0.322,P < 0.01)、血鈣水平(r = 0.300,P < 0.01)、TJC(r = -0.348,P < 0.01)、SJC(r = -0.238,P < 0.05)、DAS28(r = -0.258,P < 0.05)相關(guān),與血沉(r = -0.013,P > 0.05)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(r = -0.025,P > 0.05)、RF(r = -0.092,P > 0.05)、抗CCP抗體(r = -0.095,P > 0.05)、ANA(r = 0.103,P > 0.05)、合并間質(zhì)性肺?。╮ = 0.106,P > 0.05)、合并冠心?。╮ = 0.022,P > 0.05)、既往GC累積劑量(r = -0.007,P > 0.05)無明顯相關(guān)性,女性、平均每日日曬時(shí)間<30 min、病程長、低血鈣、高TJC、高SJC、高DAS28的RA患者血清25(OH)D水平更低。
3 討論
VD是一種類固醇類物質(zhì),通過與VD受體結(jié)合,不僅能調(diào)節(jié)鈣磷代謝,還能夠發(fā)揮重要的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用。RA是一種以慢性、持續(xù)性、侵蝕性關(guān)節(jié)炎為主要臨床表現(xiàn)的自身免疫疾病。近年來許多關(guān)于RA與VD關(guān)系的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),RA患者普遍存在VD缺乏的現(xiàn)象[5-9],本研究結(jié)果亦印證了該現(xiàn)象。高達(dá)97.6%的RA患者存在25(OH)D水平不足或缺乏,但是健康人群也普遍存在VD不足或缺乏的情況。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與VD水平相關(guān)的因素很多。與男性比較,女性VD缺乏現(xiàn)象更加普遍[10-11]。充足并適當(dāng)?shù)淖贤饩€照射皮膚是獲取VD的重要來源,平均日曬時(shí)間[12]、季節(jié)[13]、長袖的著裝習(xí)慣[14]、戶外旅行[14]、膚色[15]等都是影響皮膚來源VD的因素。另外,吸煙、肥胖(BMI≥28 kg/m2)、老齡都是25(OH)D缺乏的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)[13,16]。日本一項(xiàng)對(duì)4793例RA患者的大樣本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),VD缺乏的相關(guān)因素包括女性、年輕、高HAQ殘疾評(píng)分、低血清總蛋白、低血清總膽固醇、高血清堿性磷酸酶水平和非甾體抗炎藥應(yīng)用[7]。本研究分析了25(OH)D水平與性別、年齡、民族、BMI、平均日曬時(shí)間、RA病程、血鈣、RF、抗CCP抗體、ANA等諸多因素的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)僅與性別、平均日曬時(shí)間、病程、血鈣水平、DAS28、TJC、SJC相關(guān),女性、平均每日日曬時(shí)間<30 min、高DAS28、病程長、低血鈣、高TJC、高SJC可能是RA患者25(OH)D缺乏的預(yù)測(cè)因素。
盡管我們發(fā)現(xiàn)RA普遍存在VD缺乏現(xiàn)象,VD在RA中的作用并不明確,VD缺乏是否是導(dǎo)致RA的發(fā)病因素,還是RA導(dǎo)致VD缺乏,目前仍未闡明。很多研究認(rèn)為VD缺乏與疾病活動(dòng)度呈負(fù)相關(guān)[6,16-18],與結(jié)締組織病相關(guān)肺間質(zhì)病變的肺功能減退相關(guān)[19],VD水平與RA治療應(yīng)答呈正相關(guān)[8,17,20]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)VD與RA的疾病活動(dòng)度DAS28、SJC有關(guān),但與病程、TJC、血沉和CRP等炎癥指標(biāo)、類風(fēng)濕因子、抗CCP抗體、抗核抗體、是否合并間質(zhì)性肺病和冠心病、既往糖皮質(zhì)激素累積劑量等因素?zé)o相關(guān)關(guān)系。意大利的一項(xiàng)臨床研究表明,補(bǔ)充VD有利于減輕RA的炎癥,改善疾病活動(dòng)度,調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)皮功能,有望降低心血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[21],由此可見VD可能在RA的病因病機(jī)中起了重要作用,但該研究僅納入了29例VD缺乏的RA患者,病例數(shù)少,結(jié)論尚待進(jìn)一步大樣本驗(yàn)證。
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(收稿日期:2018-03-08? 本文編輯:羅喬荔)