必修4第2單元重點(diǎn)詞語精講精練

劉本龍

1. circulate vt. & vi. 循環(huán);流傳

【經(jīng)典例句】

Merchandise can now circulate freely among the EU countries. 商品現(xiàn)在可以在歐盟各國自由流通。

Blood circulates through the body. 血液在體內(nèi)循環(huán)。

【思維拓展】

（1） circular adj.圓形的;循環(huán)的;n. cir- culation 循環(huán);流通;發(fā)行量

（2） circulation 作“（報(bào)紙、雜志等的）發(fā)行量”解時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。

2. therefore adv. 因此，所以

therefore= for that reason = consequently，常用于連接兩個(gè)并列分句，其前加and或分號。

【經(jīng)典例句】

He was ill， and therefore could not come. 他病了，所以未能來。

He has broken his leg， and therefore he can t walk. 他摔壞了腿，因此不能走路了。

We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car. 我們的錢不夠，因此買不成這輛新車。

3. equip vt. & vi. 配備;裝備

【經(jīng)典例句】

Owners of restaurants would have to equip them to admit disabled people. 餐廳老板將必須在餐廳里配備能夠接納殘疾人的設(shè)施。

Your education will equip you to earn a good living. 你所受的教育會使你過上富裕的生活。

We equip our children with a good education. 我們使孩子們受到良好的教育。

【思維拓展】

（1） equipment n. 裝備;設(shè)備

常用搭配：

office equipment 辦公設(shè)備 / sports equipment 運(yùn)動(dòng)器械

（2） equip with 配備……

4. confuse vt. 使迷惑;使為難

【經(jīng)典例句】

Her expression confused me. 她的表情使我困惑。

I think it s a serious mistake to confuse books with life. 我認(rèn)為把書本同生活混為一談是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。

This is an attempt to confuse form and / with substance. 這是企圖把形式同實(shí)質(zhì)混淆。

【思維拓展】

（1） confusion n. 混亂;紊亂;混亂狀態(tài)

（2） 常用搭配：confuse with / and 混淆;把……混同;辨別不清。

I m always confusing John with / and Paul. 我一直分不清約翰和保羅。

【易混辨析】

confused 和confusing的區(qū)別：兩者都是形容詞。confused指“困惑的;迷惑不解的;被弄糊涂的”，表示人的內(nèi)心感受;confusing“使人困惑的;令人迷惑的;使人混亂的”，表示事物的狀態(tài)。

5. regret vt. （對……）遺憾;惋惜 n. 遺憾;惋惜

【經(jīng)典例句】

If you go now， you ll regret it. 假若你現(xiàn)在就走，一定會后悔。

I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉，那個(gè)工作已經(jīng)有人做了。

【思維拓展】

regret to say / tell / announce / inform 遺憾地說 / 告訴 / 宣布 / 通知;regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事;regret that 遺憾/后悔……;to one s regret 令某人后悔的是

6. reduce vt. 減少;縮減;簡化

【經(jīng)典例句】

The job losses will reduce the total workforce to 7，000. 職位減少后，在職工人總數(shù)將減至7000人。

He finally corrected his misstatement and offered to reduce the fee. 他終于糾正了自己的錯(cuò)誤說法，提出要減少費(fèi)用。

The plan is designed to reduce some of the company s mountainous debt. 該計(jì)劃旨在減少公司堆積如山的債務(wù)。

The agency should reduce turnaround time by 11 per cent. 該代理機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)削減11%的周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間。

【思維拓展】

reduce to 使……變?yōu)椋ǜ〕叽缁蚋唵涡问剑?，使成為某種狀態(tài);reduce by （以……的比例、程度）減少。

7. comment vi. & vt. 表達(dá)意見;作出評論 n. 評論;議論

【經(jīng)典例句】

The scandal caused a lot of comment. 這件丑聞遭到很多議論。

It was just a passing comment， he didn t go on about it. 那只是一筆帶過的評論，他沒有繼續(xù)論述。

Mr. Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment. 利奇先生休假了，不方便作出評論。

【思維拓展】

comment on / about sth. / sb. 對某事/某人評論;make comments / no comment on sth. / sb. 對某事/某人評論/不進(jìn)行評論

8. keep free from / of ?= protect sb. / sth. from 使……免受（影響/傷害）;使……不含（有害物）

【經(jīng)典例句】

We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我們應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離毒品。

I hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol. 我希望你不抽煙不喝酒。

One should keep one s reputation free from all slurs. 人應(yīng)該保持名譽(yù)不受責(zé)備。

Keep all corridors， stairs and exit routes free from obstacles. 保證走廊、樓梯和撤離通道暢通。

9. thanks to 幸虧;由于;因?yàn)?/p>

【經(jīng)典例句】

Thanks to your help， much trouble was saved. 多虧你的幫助，減少了許多麻煩。

Thanks to the bad weather， the match had been cancelled. 多虧這個(gè)倒霉天氣，比賽取消了。

【思維拓展】

thanks to = because of / owing to / due to / on account of / as a result of

10. rid sb. / sth. of... 使某人/某物擺脫……

【經(jīng)典例句】

Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饑荒。

The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科醫(yī)生把他的壞牙拔掉，使他免遭痛苦。

【思維拓展】

be rid of 擺脫;get rid of 擺脫，除掉，去掉;rid a house of mice 清除室內(nèi)老鼠;rid oneself of debt 還清債務(wù)

11. be satisfied with ?= be content with 對……表示滿足或滿意

【經(jīng)典例句】

I was not satisfied with the result. 我對那個(gè)結(jié)果感到不滿意。

You ve done well at school. I m very satisfied with you. 你在學(xué)校干得不錯(cuò)，我對你很滿意。

【思維拓展】

sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人滿意;be satisfied with sth. 對……表示滿足或滿意;be satisfied to do = be satisfied that 對做……感到滿意;a satisfied smile 滿意的微笑;a satisfied customer 感到滿意的顧客;feel a sense of satisfaction 感到滿足;to one s satisfaction 使某人滿意的是;far from satisfactory 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿足;it is satisfying （to do sth.） 做某事是令人滿意的;a satisfactory explanation / performance令人滿意的解釋/演出;get / obtain satisfaction from one s work 從自己的工作中得到滿足

12. would rather 寧愿，寧可

【經(jīng)典例句】

I d rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路也不愿意坐公共汽車。

He would rather shoot himself than com- promise his principles. 他寧愿一槍打死自己也不愿違背自己的原則。

【思維拓展】

would rather do A （than do B） = would （prefer to） do A （rather than do B） 寧愿做甲事（而不做乙事）;would rather sb. did sth. 寧愿某人做某事（從句用虛擬語氣）

13. build up 逐漸建立;逐漸增強(qiáng)體質(zhì);開發(fā)

【經(jīng)典例句】

You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白質(zhì)以增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。

He is now trying to build up a fine reputation. 他正在努力逐步贏得好的聲譽(yù)。

14. lead to 導(dǎo)致

【經(jīng)典例句】

The group proceeded with a march they knew would lead to bloodshed. 這個(gè)團(tuán)體繼續(xù)示威游行，他們知道這將導(dǎo)致流血事件的發(fā)生。

This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage. 這樣可能會導(dǎo)致身體虛弱和肌肉萎縮。

【思維拓展】

lead to further discussion 引出進(jìn)一步討論;lead to disaster 導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難;lead to doing sth. 導(dǎo)致做了某事;lead sb. to do sth. 引導(dǎo)某人做某事

【鞏固訓(xùn)練】

一、請根據(jù)漢語提示寫出單詞的正確形式。

1. The road signs__________（使糊涂） the driver.

2. The only way to do that is to__________（減少） expenses.

3. The__________（斗爭） for independence was long and hard.

4. The factory must increase its__________（產(chǎn)量）.

5. They__________（用掉） all their strength in trying to climb out.

6. Our army is well__________（裝備）.

7.______________________________ ??（非常抱歉），

I am unable to accept your invitation.

二、單項(xiàng)選擇。

1. I wouldn t think of__________them at this hour of the night.

A. believing B. confusing

C. disturbing D. expanding

2. Metals__________when they are heated.

A. expand B. reduce

C. increase D. add

3. Blood__________through the body.

A. circulates B. stays

C. remains D. drives

4. His brave deeds in the__________earned him everlasting glory.

A. fields B. summary

C. battle D. comment

5. The lazy girl is dreaming of marrying a millionaire and__________won t do any work.

A. so B. unless

C. although D. therefore

6. —Do you regret__________100 dollars for the painting？

—No， I would gladly have paid__________ ?for it.

A. to pay; twice so much

B. paying; twice as much

C. to have paid; as much twice

D. having paid; so much twice

三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換，根據(jù)A句句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)木湫突蚨陶Z完成B句，使其句意相同或相近，每空一詞。

1. A： Compared with maths I like English better. B： I__________English__________maths.

2. A： Even if he dies he won t give in.

B： He__________ ???die__________give in.

3. A： We should save the sick free from pain.

B： We should__________the sick__________pain.

4. A： He doesn t like to live a comfortable life.

B： He doesn t__________ ???living a com- fortable life.

5. A： Dr. Yuan has spent all his time on his research.

B： Dr. Yuan has__________all his time__________his research.

四、完成句子，每空一詞。

1. Sheep__________ ???（以……為食） grass.

2. Since he came to this class， he hasn t played__________ ???（不再） as he did before.

3.__________ ???（由于） his hard work， he achieved great success.

4. The policeman__________ ?（搜查） the thief__________ ?the lost money.

5. Please__________ ???（參閱） your dictionaries if you meet new words.