任婷玉 廖奕浪 林芳楠 宋春麗 王大明 周義文
【摘要】 目的:探究肝纖維化標(biāo)志物和HBV-DNA聯(lián)合檢測(cè)在慢性HBV感染后疾病進(jìn)程中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。方法:回顧性分析2017年1月-2019年12月診斷為HBV攜帶者58例(對(duì)照組)、慢性乙型肝炎患者107例(慢性乙型肝炎組)、乙肝肝硬化患者34例(肝硬化組)的病歷資料,檢測(cè)并觀察三組的肝纖維化標(biāo)志物HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN和HBV-DNA載量,分析各指標(biāo)之間及各指標(biāo)與疾病進(jìn)程的相關(guān)性,并繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線。結(jié)果:肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN在對(duì)照組、慢性乙型肝炎組、肝硬化組中的含量依次增加,HBV-DNA載量在慢性乙型肝炎組中最高,其次是對(duì)照組;各指標(biāo)在各組中的檢測(cè)結(jié)果比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。血清肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN之間均呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.01),其中PCⅢ與Ⅳ-C之間為高度相關(guān)(rs=0.897,P<0.01)。血清肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN與HBV感染后疾病發(fā)展呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),其中HA與HBV感染后疾病進(jìn)程顯著相關(guān)(rs=0.548,P<0.01)。HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN、HBV-DNA單一檢測(cè)對(duì)應(yīng)AUC分別為0.925、0.929、0.916、0.899、0.630,聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)應(yīng)AUC為0.959。結(jié)論:HBV在慢性乙型肝炎患者中呈現(xiàn)較高水平的復(fù)制,在肝硬化階段復(fù)制水平降低。肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)在HBV感染后隨著疾病發(fā)展含量升高,其含量與疾病發(fā)展呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)之間也具有正相關(guān)關(guān)系,其中PCⅢ與Ⅳ-C含量高度相關(guān),HA含量與疾病進(jìn)程明顯相關(guān)。聯(lián)合檢測(cè)肝纖維化四項(xiàng)血清學(xué)標(biāo)志物與HBV-DNA載量可提高肝纖維化的診斷效能。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 乙型肝炎 肝纖維化 血清標(biāo)志物
Application Value of Serum Liver Fibrosis Markers and HBV-DNA in Disease Progression after Chronic Hepatitis B Disease/REN Tingyu, LIAO Yilang, LIN Fangnan, SONG Chunli, WANG Daming, ZHOU Yiwen. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(10): 0-033
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the application value of HBV-DNA and serological markers for liver fibrosis on disease progression in chronic HBV infected patients. Method: From January 2017 to December 2019, the data of 58 patients with HBV carriers (control group), 107 patients with chronic hepatitis B (chronic hepatitis B group), 34 patients with chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis (cirrhosis group) were analyzed retrospectively, the levels of HA, PCⅢ, Ⅳ-C, LN in liver fibrosis markers and HBV-DNA of the three groups were detected and observed, the correlation between the indicators and the disease progression was analyzed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. Result: The four indexes of liver fibrosis HA, PCⅢ, Ⅳ-C and LN increased in the control group, chronic hepatitis B group and cirrhosis group successively, HBV-DNA load was the highest in the chronic hepatitis B group, followed by the control group. There were significant differences in the detection results among the indicators in each group (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between four indexes of serum fibrosis HA, PCⅢ, Ⅳ-C and LN (P<0.01), PCⅢ was highly correlated with Ⅳ-C (rs=0.897, P<0.01). Serum liver fibrosis four indicators HA, PCⅢ, Ⅳ-C and LN were positively correlated with disease development after HBV infection (P<0.05), HA was significantly correlated with disease progression after HBV infection (rs=0.548, P<0.01). The AUC of HA, PCⅢ, Ⅳ-C, LN and HBV-DNA were 0.925, 0.929, 0.916, 0.899 and 0.630, respectively, the AUC of combined detection was 0.959. Conclusion: HBV replicates at a higher level in patients with chronic hepatitis B and decreases at the stage of cirrhosis.The four indexes of liver fibrosis increased with the development of the disease after HBV infection, and their content is positively correlated with the development of the disease. There is also a positive correlation between the four indexes of HA, PCⅢ, Ⅳ-C, and LN, among which the content of PCⅢ is highly correlated with the content of Ⅳ-C, and the content of HA is significantly correlated with the course of the disease. Combined detection of four serological markers of liver fibrosis and HBV-DNA load can improve the diagnostic efficiency of liver fibrosis.
[Key words] Hepatitis B Liver fibrosis Serum markers
First-authors address: Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.10.007
乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)屬嗜肝DNA病毒科,是慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的病原體[1],HBV感染已成為全球公共衛(wèi)生問題[2],而中國是乙肝高發(fā)國家,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)我國已有超過1億人攜帶HBV[3]。HBV的持續(xù)感染是導(dǎo)致肝炎后肝硬化和肝細(xì)胞癌發(fā)生最主要的因素之一[4],慢性HBV感染者比未感染者發(fā)生肝癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高出25~37倍[5]。部分HBV感染者將經(jīng)歷漫長的肝損傷,修復(fù),再損傷,進(jìn)而發(fā)生肝纖維化,如不及時(shí)干預(yù),最終可能在肝硬化的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)展為肝細(xì)胞癌[6]。肝細(xì)胞癌是最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,惡性程度高,確診后的5年生存率不到10%,其癌癥相關(guān)死亡率已高居世界第二[7]。絕大部分肝炎病毒相關(guān)的肝細(xì)胞癌患者都經(jīng)歷了病毒性肝炎導(dǎo)致的肝損傷至肝纖維化,再到肝硬化的長期病程。一旦發(fā)展到肝細(xì)胞癌,最有效的方式只有手術(shù)治療。由于早期診斷指標(biāo)的缺乏,微小的肝癌病灶往往很難被發(fā)現(xiàn),許多患者確診時(shí)往往已經(jīng)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,失去手術(shù)的機(jī)會(huì)。因此定期動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)估乙肝患者感染HBV后病情的發(fā)展變化在慢性乙型肝炎的臨床診治中顯得尤為重要。美國肝病學(xué)會(huì)(AASLD)2018年版慢性乙型肝炎預(yù)防、診斷和治療指南強(qiáng)調(diào)了HBV-DNA連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)和肝纖維化評(píng)估在慢性乙肝患者疾病控制中的重要性,并提出HBeAg陽性,HBV-DNA>20 000 IU/mL,且ALT<2倍正常值上限或HBeAg陰性,HBV-DNA>2 000 IU/mL,且ALT<2倍正常值上限的患者需要進(jìn)行肝穿刺活檢或進(jìn)行肝纖維化評(píng)估來確定是否開始抗病毒治療[8]。目前廣泛應(yīng)用的肝纖維化標(biāo)志物即肝纖維化四項(xiàng),是一種簡便易行的肝纖維化評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)[9],亞太肝病學(xué)會(huì)在2016年更新的指南中指出血清肝纖維化指標(biāo)在診斷和排除肝纖維化和肝硬化方面中等可信[10]。本研究擬聯(lián)合HBV-DNA載量與血清中肝纖維化標(biāo)志物透明質(zhì)酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前膠原蛋白(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型膠原(Ⅳ-C)和層粘連蛋白(LN),觀察其在乙肝相關(guān)疾病進(jìn)程中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2017年1月-2019年12月在南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)深圳醫(yī)院確診的107例慢性乙型肝炎患者為慢性乙型肝炎組;34例乙肝肝硬化患者為肝硬化組;選取同期58例HBV攜帶者作為對(duì)照組。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化診斷符合美國肝病學(xué)會(huì)(AASLD)2018年版慢性乙型肝炎預(yù)防、診斷和治療指南。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)除HBV外的肝炎病毒感染以及其他原因?qū)е碌母窝?(2)遺傳代謝性疾病;(3)嚴(yán)重的血液疾病、臟器疾病及其他部位惡性腫瘤;(4)已實(shí)施抗病毒治療;(5)病史及病例資料不明確。本研究通過醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 方法 研究對(duì)象空腹抽取靜脈血5 mL,
3 000 r/min離心10 min,分離血清。HBV-DNA載量測(cè)定采用熒光定量PCR法,試劑采用圣湘乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)核酸定量檢測(cè)試劑盒(PCR-熒光探針法),檢測(cè)結(jié)果做對(duì)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換后進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。儀器為美國伯樂公司的CFX96型熒光定量PCR儀。HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN四項(xiàng)肝纖維化指標(biāo)采用博奧賽斯化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析儀PETECK96-I及配套化學(xué)發(fā)光法試劑盒進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。嚴(yán)格按照試劑說明書和儀器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作規(guī)程檢測(cè)。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)與判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (1)曲線下面積(AUC)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①AUC≤0.7的指標(biāo)診斷價(jià)值較小;②0.7
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 25.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,偏態(tài)分布數(shù)據(jù)以M(P25,P75)表示,計(jì)量資料比較采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和檢驗(yàn)。繪制受試者工作特征曲線(ROC曲線)并計(jì)算曲線下面積(AUC)來評(píng)價(jià)HBV-DNA載量與血清肝纖維化四項(xiàng)HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN的診斷效能,采用Spearman相關(guān)性分析了解血清肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與HBV-DNA載量之間的相關(guān)性及各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與HBV感染后疾病進(jìn)程的相關(guān)性。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)和HBV-DNA載量水平比較 肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN在對(duì)照組、慢性乙型肝炎組,肝硬化組中的含量依次增加,HBV-DNA載量在慢性乙型肝炎中最高,其次對(duì)照組;各指標(biāo)在各組中的檢測(cè)結(jié)果比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)和HBV-DNA載量相關(guān)
性 血清肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN之間呈均呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.01),其中PCⅢ與Ⅳ-C之間為高度相關(guān)(rs=0.897,P<0.01),但HBV-DNA載量與肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)之間無相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。見表2。
2.3 HBV-DNA載量、肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與慢性乙肝疾病發(fā)展的相關(guān)性 血清肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN與HBV感染后疾病發(fā)展呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),其中HA與HBV感染后疾病進(jìn)程明顯相關(guān)(rs=0.548,P<0.01),見表3。
綜上所述,肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)具有較好的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值,尤其是HA與疾病進(jìn)展有較好的相關(guān)性,但部分項(xiàng)目如PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C的特異度較差,受到的影響因素較多。HBV-DNA的檢測(cè)穩(wěn)定且可靠,受影響因素少,在乙型肝炎的疾病監(jiān)測(cè)中發(fā)揮重要作用,但其單獨(dú)應(yīng)用在乙肝感染后疾病進(jìn)展中的診斷作用有限,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)將其與肝纖維化四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可提高檢測(cè)的特異度,提高診斷效能,有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)乙肝相關(guān)肝纖維化的無創(chuàng)診斷。
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(收稿日期:2020-12-30) (本文編輯:劉蓉艷)
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2021年10期