王玉玲
摘? ?要:為了便于記憶英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法“名詞性從句”,通過改寫學(xué)生熟悉的寓言《濫竽充數(shù)》,把例句融合在里面,通過復(fù)述簡(jiǎn)單的故事來(lái)幫助學(xué)生熟記語(yǔ)法知識(shí),還把故事制作成聲情并茂的情景劇動(dòng)畫,既增加課堂的趣味性,又便于學(xué)生課下反復(fù)觀看,進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。在學(xué)生復(fù)述、背誦故事和表演情景劇的同時(shí),通過給學(xué)生拍成照片和錄像留作紀(jì)念,學(xué)生積極在微信和朋友圈轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),使學(xué)校英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)氛圍更加濃厚,形成英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)大氣候。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語(yǔ)名詞性從句;學(xué)習(xí)趣味;聲情并茂
中圖分類號(hào):G633.41? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A? ?文章編號(hào):1009-010X(2021)29-0025-03
隨著我國(guó)“一帶一路”政策的推行,全社會(huì)倡導(dǎo)積極發(fā)展與沿線國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作伙伴關(guān)系,共同打造政治互信、經(jīng)濟(jì)融合、文化包容的利益共同體、命運(yùn)共同體和責(zé)任共同體。這就要求中職英語(yǔ)教學(xué)要順應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生熟練使用英語(yǔ)的能力。但是,職業(yè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生英語(yǔ)底子普遍差,大多數(shù)學(xué)生,尤其是男生,對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)不感興趣,聽力更差,還不喜歡開口說。尤其講語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容時(shí),他們普遍覺得枯燥,記不住那么多條條框框。職業(yè)教育英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的改革與創(chuàng)新迫在眉睫。
于是我們嘗試用名詞性從句例句編寫《濫竽充數(shù)》的故事來(lái)講解英語(yǔ)名詞性從句。
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)和教學(xué)方法創(chuàng)新
為了便于記憶英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法“名詞性從句”,我們改寫了學(xué)生熟悉的寓言《濫竽充數(shù)》,把例句融合在里面,通過復(fù)述簡(jiǎn)單的故事來(lái)熟記語(yǔ)法知識(shí),增加課堂趣味性。
二、英語(yǔ)名詞性從句結(jié)構(gòu)和教學(xué)
名詞性從句的概念:在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
(一)由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
that在句中無(wú)詞義,只起連接作用,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省略。除個(gè)別情況外,一般不能作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
1.Nobody realized(that)he was making no sound at all.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
沒有人意識(shí)到他根本沒有吹出聲音。
2.All the people thought (that)he was a good player. (賓語(yǔ)從句)
所有人都認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)好樂手。
3.The fact that he didn't understand how to play the yu wasn't found by the people.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
他不懂吹竽的事實(shí)沒有被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)。
4.The truth is that he didn't understand how to play the yu.(表語(yǔ)從句)
事實(shí)是他不懂吹竽。
5.That Nanguo didn't understand how to play the yu was obvious.(主語(yǔ)從句)
南郭不懂吹竽的事就明顯了。
(由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句置于句首,而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。)
6.It is obvious that Nanguo didn't understand how to play the yu.(主語(yǔ)從句)
南郭不懂吹竽的事就明顯了。
(二)由wh-words引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
連接代詞和連接副詞what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose, whichever等在句中既保留自己的疑問含義,又起連接作用。
7. Whoever wanted to come was welcome.(主語(yǔ)從句)
任何想來(lái)的人都受歡迎。
8.Nobody knew how much money he earned.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
沒有人知道他掙多少錢。
9.What he thought was interesting.(主語(yǔ)從句)
他的想法很有趣。
10.He wanted to listen to whichever piece of music he liked.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
他想聽他喜歡的任何一首曲子。
11.Why he liked that was a secret.(主語(yǔ)從句)
為什么他喜歡那樣是個(gè)秘密。
12.Where he went was a secret,too.(主語(yǔ)從句)
他去了哪里也是個(gè)秘密。
(三)由if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,whether通常用于正式的語(yǔ)體中,if多用于口語(yǔ)。If不能引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語(yǔ)從句,也不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,還不能和or not 連用
13.Whether he made any sound (or not) wasnt important.(主語(yǔ)從句)
他是否發(fā)出聲音不重要。
14.Nobody knew if(whether) he was making any sound.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
沒有人知道他是否發(fā)出聲音。
三、例句編寫的故事與巧記
改寫的《濫竽充數(shù)》英文版如下。
A New Story About
Being There Just To Make Up(補(bǔ)足,拼湊)The Number
During the Warring States Period (475~221BC), the King of the State of Qi was very fond of listening to yu ensembles(合唱曲).He often got together 300 yu players to form a grand music. The king treated his musicians very well. Whoever wanted to come was welcome. A man named Nanguo heard about that and he managed to become a member of the band, even though he was not good at playing the instrument at all. Whenever the band played for the king, Nanguo just stood in the line and pretended to play. Nobody realized (that) he was making no sound at all. (Nobody knew if (whether) he was making any sound.) Whether he made any sound wasnt important. As a result, all the people thought (that) he was a good player.
The fact that he didn't understand how to play the yu wasn't found by the people. (The truth is that he didn't understand playing the yu.) He enjoyed his treatment just as the other musicians did. Nobody knew how much money he earned. When the king died, his son became the new ruler. What he thought was interesting. He preferred solos(獨(dú)奏曲) so that he ordered the musicians to play the yu one by one. He wanted to listen to whichever piece of music he liked. Nobody knew who is the next person to play the yu. Why he liked that was a secret. Therefore, that Nanguo didn't know how to play the yu was obvious. (It was obvious that Nanguo didn't know how to play the yu.) He had to run out of the palace. Where he went was a secret, too.
《濫竽充數(shù)》中文版如下。
新編濫竽充數(shù)
在戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期,齊國(guó)的國(guó)王很喜歡聽吹竽合奏。他經(jīng)常讓三百名吹竽的人一起演奏,并給他們很好的待遇。任何想來(lái)吹竽的人都受歡迎。一個(gè)叫南郭的人聽說了,想方設(shè)法地變成了樂隊(duì)的一員,即使他根本不擅長(zhǎng)這種樂器。當(dāng)樂隊(duì)演奏時(shí),南郭只是站在隊(duì)伍里假裝吹。沒有人意識(shí)到他根本沒有出聲(沒有人知道他有沒有出聲)。他是否出聲不重要。結(jié)果,所有的人都認(rèn)為他是個(gè)好樂手。人們沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)他不懂吹竽的事實(shí)(真相是他不懂吹竽),他享受著同其他樂師一樣的待遇沒有人知道他掙了多少錢。當(dāng)國(guó)王死了,他的兒子成了新的統(tǒng)治者。新國(guó)王的想法很有趣,他更喜歡聽獨(dú)奏,所以他命令樂師一個(gè)一個(gè)地吹。他想聽任何一首他喜歡的音樂。沒有人知道誰(shuí)是下一個(gè)演奏的人。新國(guó)王為什么喜歡那樣是個(gè)秘密。因此,南郭不懂吹竽的事情就明顯了,他不得不逃出了宮殿,他去了哪里也是個(gè)秘密。
這個(gè)故事,學(xué)生大多從小耳熟能詳,這就給記住意思差不多的英語(yǔ)故事打下了基礎(chǔ)。以前講語(yǔ)法,例句只是用來(lái)理解規(guī)則的,例句之間不相關(guān)。而把例句編成故事,除了幫助學(xué)生理解規(guī)則外,也可以幫學(xué)生想起語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,并使這些規(guī)則潛移默化地融入學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言中。另外我們把故事制作成情景劇動(dòng)畫,聲情并茂,既增加了趣味,又便于學(xué)生課下反復(fù)觀看,進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。在學(xué)生復(fù)述、背誦故事和表演情景劇的同時(shí),給學(xué)生拍成照片和錄像留作紀(jì)念,學(xué)生積極在微信和朋友圈轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),使學(xué)校英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)氛圍更加濃厚,形成學(xué)習(xí)大氣候,所以這種講課方法一舉多得,值得嘗試。
【責(zé)任編輯 李曉旭】