張曉娟 錢亞麗
【摘要】目的:探討優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理在小兒重癥肺炎中的應(yīng)用及對睡眠質(zhì)量的影響。方法:70例重癥肺炎患兒均選自2017年1月—2019年1月兒科,將入組的患兒進(jìn)行隨機分組,各35例,對照組患兒給予常規(guī)病情護(hù)理,研究組患兒則聯(lián)合開展優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,對比兩組患兒癥狀體征改善時間、住院時間、睡眠質(zhì)量改善情況、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及家長滿意度。結(jié)果:研究組患兒癥狀體征改善時間及住院時間較對照組更短,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);干預(yù)前兩組患兒PSQI評分比較無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P>0.05),干預(yù)后研究組患兒的PSQI評分較對照組更低,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);研究組患兒并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率(5.71%)較對照組(22.86%)更低,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與對照組(77.14%)相比,研究組患兒家長滿意度(97.14%)更高,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理可有效改善患兒臨床癥狀與體征,縮短住院時間,改善睡眠質(zhì)量,降低并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率,患兒家長滿意度高,在小兒重癥肺炎護(hù)理中具有較高的推廣意義。
【關(guān)鍵詞】優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理;重癥肺炎;睡眠質(zhì)量;并發(fā)癥;家長滿意度
Application of high-quality nursing in children with severe pneumonia and its effect on sleep quality
ZHANG Xiaojuan, QIAN Yali
Dali County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi 715100, China
【Abstract】Objective: To explore the application of high-quality nursing in children with severe pneumonia and its effect on sleep quality. Methods: 70 children with severe pneumonia were selected from the pediatric department from January 2017 to January 2019, and the enrolled children were randomly divided into groups, 35 cases in each group. The children in the control group were given routine nursing, while the children in the study group were given high-quality nursing. The improvement time of symptoms and signs, hospitalization time, sleep quality improvement, complication rate and parent satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: The improvement time of symptoms and signs and hospitalization time of the children in the study group were shorter than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Before intervention, there was no significant difference in PSQI score between the two groups(P>0.05). In the post-intervention study, the PSQI score of the children in the study group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group (5.71%) was lower than that in the control group (22.86%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with the control group (77.14%), the parents of the children in the study group were more satisfied (97.14%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: High-quality nursing can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs of children, shorten hospitalization time, improve sleep quality, reduce the incidence of complications, and have high parental satisfaction of children, which has a high promotion significance in the nursing of children with severe pneumonia.
【Key Words】High-quality nursing; Severe pneumonia; Sleep quality; Complications; Parental satisfaction
重癥肺炎屬于呼吸系統(tǒng)較為嚴(yán)重的疾病類型,其病因與細(xì)菌、病毒等病原菌侵襲、機體反應(yīng)性改變及免疫機制密切相關(guān),好發(fā)于嬰幼兒群體,以發(fā)熱、咳嗽、肺部濕啰音、呼吸困難為主要表現(xiàn),具有起病急、病情進(jìn)展快的特點,一旦治療不及時則可誘發(fā)呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭等,甚至威脅到患兒生命安全[1]。對于小兒重癥肺炎目前臨床主要以藥物治療為主,但小兒作為特殊群體,常無法表達(dá)自身感受,加之面對陌生的環(huán)境及醫(yī)護(hù)人員常易出現(xiàn)抵觸、哭鬧行為,不利于治療的順利開展,因此在治療的基礎(chǔ)上配合有效的護(hù)理干預(yù)尤為必要[2]。優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理以滿足心理、生理需求為目的,護(hù)理中堅持以患兒為中心,對確保治療效果具有積極意義。為此本研究選取我院兒科70例重癥肺炎患兒,探討優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理的實施效果,現(xiàn)進(jìn)行如下報道。
1.1 一般資料
70例重癥肺炎患兒均選自2017年1月—2019年1月兒科,所有患兒均經(jīng)影像學(xué)及實驗室檢查確診,體溫在38.5℃以上,患兒家長充分知情后自愿參與該研究,且排除其他器官嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷者、具有呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病、意識障礙、精神疾病及研究中途退出者。將入組的患兒進(jìn)行隨機分組,各35例。對照組,男20例,女15例,年齡2~8歲,平均年齡(4.83±0.46)歲,體溫38.5℃~39.5℃,平均體溫(39.03±0.46)℃;研究組,男19例,女16例,年齡1~9歲,平均年齡(4.71±0.73)歲,體溫38.0℃~40.0℃,平均體溫(39.05±0.53)℃。兩組患兒在上述基本資料方面無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P>0.05),可進(jìn)行對比。
1.2 方法
對照組患兒給予常規(guī)護(hù)理,包括密切監(jiān)測患兒體溫及各項生命體征變化,指導(dǎo)患兒多飲水、合理飲食,遵醫(yī)囑用藥等。
研究組患兒聯(lián)合開展優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,具體為:(1)心理護(hù)理:以親切溫和的語言主動與患兒溝通,通過看動畫、做游戲、講故事的方式減少患兒的陌生感,獲取其信任感,緩解其陌生、緊張、害怕心理,使其對治療的配合程度更高。同時做好家長的知識宣教及心理疏導(dǎo),緩解其負(fù)面情緒,提高家長配合度。(2)病情監(jiān)護(hù):對于患者病情進(jìn)展情況和生命體征的變化要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)密監(jiān)測,定時監(jiān)測體溫,準(zhǔn)確記錄相關(guān)指標(biāo)。根據(jù)患兒體溫選擇物理降溫、應(yīng)用退熱藥物等,患兒出汗時囑家屬及時更換貼身衣物,注意保暖。當(dāng)患兒出現(xiàn)情緒、神志、行為、癥狀異常時需及時上報并給予對癥干預(yù)。(3)環(huán)境護(hù)理:確保病房溫濕度適宜,空氣清晰,室內(nèi)墻面、床上用品等選擇卡通主題,消除患兒陌生感。限制探視人數(shù),在患兒睡眠時盡可能避免護(hù)理操作。(4)呼吸道護(hù)理:密切監(jiān)測呼吸道情況,對口鼻分泌物進(jìn)行及時地清理,必要時行氣道濕化、吸痰等操作以保持呼吸道通暢,定時幫助患兒變換體位以提高其舒適度。(5)飲食護(hù)理:指導(dǎo)家長準(zhǔn)備高蛋白、高熱量、高維生素的食物,保持營養(yǎng)充足,囑患兒多飲水,促進(jìn)病情好轉(zhuǎn)。(6)健康教育:通過一對一溝通、指導(dǎo)家屬閱讀小兒肺炎知識手冊等方式運用自身專業(yè)知識向家屬介紹疾病相關(guān)知識,使家長對疾病的認(rèn)知程度得到提高,同時向其講解疾病相關(guān)護(hù)理要點、技巧,確?;純旱玫礁鼉?yōu)質(zhì)的治療及護(hù)理。(7)并發(fā)癥護(hù)理:嚴(yán)密監(jiān)測患兒癥狀變化,一旦發(fā)生驚厥需及時采用壓舌板置于上下齒間預(yù)防舌咬傷。拉起床擋,預(yù)防墜床。遵醫(yī)囑使用解熱、鎮(zhèn)靜藥物,控制滴速。若患者出現(xiàn)呼吸衰竭,則需進(jìn)行鼻導(dǎo)管或面罩吸氧。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
對比兩組癥狀體征改善時間、住院時間、睡眠質(zhì)量改善情況、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及家長滿意度。
1.4 評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.4.1 睡眠質(zhì)量改善情況比較,采用匹茲堡睡眠指數(shù)(PSQI)量表從睡眠持續(xù)性、睡眠紊亂、睡眠潛伏期、日間功能紊亂、習(xí)慣性睡眠效率、催眠藥物應(yīng)用、主觀睡眠質(zhì)量7個維度進(jìn)行評價,總分0~21分,睡眠質(zhì)量越好的患者其評分越低[3]。
1.4.2 護(hù)理滿意度:選擇紐卡斯?fàn)栕o(hù)理滿意度量表(NSNS)從非常不滿意、不滿意、一般滿意、滿意、非常滿意方面予以統(tǒng)計,采用李克特5級評分法,分別記為1分、2分、3分、4分、5分,總滿意=非常滿意+滿意+一般滿意[4]。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行χ2檢驗,計量資料采用(χ±s) 表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗,P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 癥狀體征改善時間及住院時間
研究組患兒癥狀體征改善時間及住院時間較對照組更短,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 睡眠質(zhì)量改善情況
干預(yù)前兩組患兒PSQI評分比較無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P>0.05),干預(yù)后研究組患兒的PSQI評分較對照組更低,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率
研究組患兒并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率(5.71%)較對照組(22.86%)更低,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3.