楊毅峰 黃健 邸申 劉曉龍 葉楠
【摘要】 目的:觀察膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者應(yīng)用體外沖擊波聯(lián)合站樁訓(xùn)練的效果及炎癥水平分析。方法:選取2018年5月-2019年11月內(nèi)蒙古醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院94例膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者,按隨機數(shù)字表法將其分為兩組,其中對照組47例采取體外沖擊波治療,聯(lián)合組47例采取站樁訓(xùn)練+體外沖擊波治療。對比兩組患者治療前后的臨床癥狀、炎癥水平[C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、白細胞介素-4(IL-4)]、臨床療效及治療期間的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率。結(jié)果:兩組患者治療前壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),兩組患者治療后壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)及腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)均較治療前減少(P<0.05),聯(lián)合組治療后的壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)及腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)均低于對照組(P<0.05);治療前,兩組IL-4、CRP比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),治療后兩組的IL-4、CRP均較治療前降低(P<0.05),聯(lián)合組治療后的IL-4、CRP均低于對照組(P<0.05)。聯(lián)合組治療總有效率高于對照組(P<0.05)。聯(lián)合組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為21.28%,對照組為14.89%,兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率對比,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:站樁訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合體外沖擊波治療膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者能明顯改善臨床癥狀,有效調(diào)節(jié)患者炎癥水平且不會增強不良反應(yīng)、安全可靠。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎 體外沖擊波 C反應(yīng)蛋白 白細胞介素
Analysis of the Effect and Inflammation Level of Combined Extracorporeal Shock Wave Post Training in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients/YANG Yifeng, HUANG Jian, DI Shen, LIU Xiaolong, YE Nan. //Medical Innovation of China, 2023, 20(10): -119
[Abstract] Objective: To observe the effect of combined extracorporeal shock wave post training in patients with knee osteoarthritis and analyze the level of inflammation. Method: A total of 94 patients with knee osteoarthritis in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from May 2018 to November 2019 were randomly divided into two groups according to a random number table method, of which 47 patients in the control group received extracorporeal shock wave therapy and 47 patients in the combination group received station post training + extracorporeal shock wave therapy. The clinical symptoms, inflammatory levels [C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-4 (IL-4)], clinical efficacy and the total incidence of adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Result: There was no statistical significance in the number of tender joints and swollen joints between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05), the number of tender joints and swollen joints between the two groups after treatment were reduced compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), the number of tender joints and swollen joints in the combination group after treatment were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistical significance in IL-4 and CRP between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, IL-4 and CRP in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, IL-4 and CRP in the combined group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of combination group were higher than that of control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 21.28% in the combination group and 14.89% in the control group, there was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Station posting training combined with extracorporeal shock wave can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with knee osteoarthritis. It can effectively regulate the level of inflammation in patients with knee osteoarthritis without increasing adverse reactions, safe and reliable.
[Key words] Knee osteoarthritis Extracorporeal shock wave C reactive protein Interleukin
First-author's address: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010010, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2023.10.027
膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者關(guān)節(jié)疼痛常發(fā)生于晨間,活動以后疼痛減輕,但是活動過多,疼痛又會加重;其次關(guān)節(jié)僵硬出現(xiàn)在早晨起床的時候或者白天關(guān)節(jié)長時間保持一定體位以后。膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎對患者的骨骼系統(tǒng)具有強破壞性,活動的時候有摩擦感或者咯嗒聲,并且嚴重者可以有肌肉萎縮及關(guān)節(jié)畸形[1-3]。沖擊波治療是一種全新的治療腰椎間盤突出癥的方法,有利于緩解肌肉功能衰退,從而緩解患者疼痛的癥狀,但治療后患者會出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)的并發(fā)癥[4]。站樁訓(xùn)練應(yīng)用于膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者,可改善臨床癥狀,減輕機體炎癥反應(yīng),但其治療效果有待進一步加強、不良反應(yīng)情況需進一步改善[5]。但是目前人們關(guān)于膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者應(yīng)用體外沖擊波聯(lián)合站樁訓(xùn)練的效果及炎癥水平的研究較少,因此本研究特選取94例患者分析上述問題,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2018年5月-2019年11月在內(nèi)蒙古醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院進行治療的膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者94例,納入標準:符合膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎診斷標準[6];基礎(chǔ)信息齊全。排除標準:伴惡性腫瘤、傳染性疾病、血液系統(tǒng)疾??;關(guān)節(jié)嚴重畸形至喪失勞動力;嚴重肝腎功能受損;伴藥物濫用史、藥物過敏史;自然失訪、無法配合完成本研究。用隨機數(shù)字表法分為對照組(n=47)和聯(lián)合組(n=47)。本研究獲本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準,患者簽署知情同意書。
1.2 方法 對照組給予體外沖擊波治療,設(shè)備:發(fā)散式體外沖擊波治療機(德國STORZ;型號:MP100),通過確定痛點,進一步標記患者的解剖位置,通過定位沖擊,設(shè)定電壓5~6 kV,沖擊頻率11~22 Hz,沖擊壓力1.0~2.5 bar,沖擊量600~
2 500/次,1次/周,4次/1個療程,共3個療程。聯(lián)合組在對照組的基礎(chǔ)上給予站樁訓(xùn)練,膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者雙手叉腰站立,雙腳分開至雙膝屈曲,大腿、小腿之間的角度控制在135°,膝關(guān)節(jié)地面投影不超腳尖,1次站樁時間1.5 min、休息2 min,重復(fù)8次為1組,1 d早晚各練習(xí)2組,1周練習(xí)6 d,連續(xù)治療3個月。
1.3 觀察指標與判定標準 (1)對比兩組患者治療前后的臨床癥狀:早晨觀察并記錄患者的腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)。(2)對比兩組患者治療前后炎癥因子情況:采集清晨空腹靜脈血3 mL,離心(3 000 r/min,5 min,10 cm),分離得到血清;采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(基蛋生物科技股份有限公司)檢測白介素-4(IL-4)與C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP),試劑盒購自上??祈樕锟萍加邢薰?。(3)對比兩組患者臨床療效,采用關(guān)節(jié)疾病活動度28評分(DAS28)評價療效:DAS28評分降低≥2且≤5.1記為痊愈,治療后患者DAS28評分降低>1.2記為顯效,0.6≤DAS28評分降低≤1.2記為有效,DAS28評分降低<0.6或DAS28評分>5.1記為無效,總有效率=(顯效例數(shù)+有效例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%[7]。(4)對比兩組患者治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況:惡心、腫痛、頭痛、腹瀉等。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理 以上患者的臨床治療數(shù)據(jù)均用SPSS 26.0版軟件分析與處理,其中計數(shù)資料用率(%)表示,行字2檢驗;計量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用獨立樣本t檢驗,組內(nèi)比較采用配對t檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組一般資料比較 對照組男28例,女19例;年齡38~67歲,平均(52.65±2.85)歲;病程3~
12個月,平均(7.96±1.14)個月。聯(lián)合組男30例,女17例;年齡38~75歲,平均(52.60±2.65)歲;病程3~17個月,平均(8.11±1.18)個月。兩組一般資料對比,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
2.2 兩組治療前后的臨床癥狀比較 治療前兩組患者壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)對比,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后,兩組患者壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)以及腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)均減少,且聯(lián)合組均低于對照組(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.3 兩組治療前后IL-4以及CRP水平比較 治療前,兩組IL-4、CRP對比差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),兩組治療后的IL-4、CRP均較治療前降低(P<0.05),聯(lián)合組治療后的IL-4、CRP均低于對照組(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.4 兩組臨床療效比較 聯(lián)合組治療總有效率高于對照組(字2=4.065,P=0.044),見表3。
2.5 兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況比較 兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率對比,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(=0.646,P=0.421),見表4。
3 討論
膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎是以軟骨病變?yōu)橹?,皸裂潰瘍而產(chǎn)生的軟骨破壞引起疼痛、功能障礙的退行性疾病。骨關(guān)節(jié)炎,通常是年齡性的變化,女性30歲以后,軟骨開始退變,男性40歲以后軟骨開始退變。隨著年齡變化,軟骨出現(xiàn)皸裂、毛糙,逐漸到小潰瘍、淺潰瘍、大潰瘍、深潰瘍,是一個逐步進展的過程[8-10]。單一治療無法改善膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎癥狀,故臨床常聯(lián)合治療膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎。體外沖擊波能量分散于病變的各個部位,有利于促進患者組織的消腫,從而改善膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎癥狀[11-13]。站樁訓(xùn)練能提高患者康復(fù)的穩(wěn)定性,達到預(yù)防、治療的目的[14]。二者聯(lián)用治療膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎雖能達到一定的效果,但患者臨床效果及炎癥水平情況仍需進一步改善。
本研究中,治療后兩組患者壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)及關(guān)腫脹節(jié)數(shù)均減少,且聯(lián)合組壓痛關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)及腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)均比對照組更少(P<0.05);兩組治療后的IL-4、CRP均降低,聯(lián)合組治療后的IL-4、CRP均低于對照組(P<0.05),聯(lián)合組治療總有效率高于對照組(P<0.05),說明站樁訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合體外沖擊波治療膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者能明顯改善臨床癥狀,效果顯著,能有效調(diào)節(jié)患者炎癥水平。沖擊波治療膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎,提高神經(jīng)纖維的刺激,有利于減少患者的疼痛刺激;有利于減少人體釋放P物質(zhì)的含量,發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)痛作用,明顯改善臨床癥狀。研究表明,膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者早期伴有軟骨下骨骨量降低的癥狀,站樁訓(xùn)練有利于讓氣血自然流動,在膝關(guān)節(jié)微屈狀態(tài)下維持靜態(tài)站立姿勢,能夠增加膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍肌群尤其是股四頭肌的力量,延長其存活時間[15]。由以上可知,站樁訓(xùn)練與體外沖擊波共同作用能夠穩(wěn)定骨關(guān)節(jié),改善臨床癥狀,效果顯著。站樁訓(xùn)練能提高股四頭肌的控制力,有利于關(guān)節(jié)功能的恢復(fù),降低炎癥因子。體外沖擊波是通過氣壓彈道射出的高速彈子的碰撞而產(chǎn)生的沖擊波,在抗炎、鎮(zhèn)痛方面有獨特優(yōu)勢[16-18]。治療期間,聯(lián)合組惡心、腫痛、頭痛、腹瀉等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為21.28%,對照組為14.89%,兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率對比,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,提示站樁訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合體外沖擊波治療膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者不會增強不良反應(yīng),安全可靠。
綜上所述,站樁訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合體外沖擊波治療膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者能明顯改善臨床癥狀,效果顯著;能有效調(diào)節(jié)患者炎癥水平且不會增強不良反應(yīng),安全可靠。
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(收稿日期:2023-02-14) (本文編輯:田婧)