[摘 要]目的 探究血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸在超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷早期診斷、病情及預(yù)后評(píng)估中的價(jià)值。方法 選取2020年1月至2022年12月河北省秦皇島市婦幼保健院收治的超早產(chǎn)兒128例為研究對(duì)象,其中60例超早產(chǎn)腦損傷患兒設(shè)為研究組,68例健康超早產(chǎn)兒設(shè)為對(duì)照組,采用格拉斯哥昏迷分級(jí)法(GCs)評(píng)估研究組患兒腦損傷程度,并將其分為輕度組23例、中度組19例及重度組18例;研究組患兒經(jīng)治療后根據(jù)預(yù)后情況分為預(yù)后良好組43例和預(yù)后不良組17例。酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測(cè)血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1水平;電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫法測(cè)定血清中葉酸水平;Spearman分析神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸相關(guān)性及兩者與腦損傷程度的相關(guān)性;采用受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸水平對(duì)早期診斷及預(yù)后的診斷價(jià)值。結(jié)果 研究組血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)水平低于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t值分別為6.894、8.947,Plt;0.001);輕度組、中度組、重度組血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)水平依次降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F值分別為18.051、64.521,Plt;0.001);Spearman相關(guān)分析顯示,血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)水平與腦損傷程度均呈負(fù)相關(guān)性(r值分別為-0.624、-0.539,Plt;0.05),血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1與葉酸表達(dá)水平呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.567,Plt;0.05);預(yù)后良好組血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)水平高于預(yù)后不良組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t值分別為8.685、9.419,Plt;0.001);血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸及聯(lián)合診斷超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷發(fā)生的曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.864、0.821、0.934,聯(lián)合診斷效能更好(Z值分別為2.869、3.603,P<0.05);血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸及聯(lián)合預(yù)測(cè)超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷患兒預(yù)后不良的AUC分別為0.848、0.871、0.979,聯(lián)合預(yù)測(cè)效能更好(Z值分別為2.616、2.688,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷患者血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸水平降低,與腦損傷程度呈負(fù)相關(guān),兩者對(duì)超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷早期診斷、不良預(yù)后發(fā)生具有一定的診斷價(jià)值。
[關(guān)鍵詞]神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1;葉酸;超早產(chǎn)兒;腦損傷;診斷;預(yù)后
Doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5293.2025.03.008
[中圖分類號(hào)]R174.1""" [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A
[文章編號(hào)]1673-5293(2025)03-0054-06
Clinical values of serum neuregulin-1 and folic acid for early diagnosis,evaluation of disease
condition and prediction of prognosis of brain injury in extremely preterm infants
JIANG Shuping,ZHU Hongbin,WU Shaojun,ZHANG Ling,YANG Huichan,GAO Caiyun,WEI Xuexu
(Department of Neonatology,Qinhuangdao Municipal Maternal and
Child Health Hospital,Hebei Qinhuangdao 066000,China)
[Abstract] Objective To investigate clinical values of serum neuregulin-1 and folic acid for early diagnosis,evaluation of disease condition and prediction of prognosis of brain injury in extremely preterm infants. Methods A total of 128 extremely preterm infants who admitted to Qinhuangdao Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Hebei province from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as study subjects.60 extremely preterm infants with brain injury were assigned to study group,and 68 healthy extremely preterm infants were divided into control group.Glasgow coma scale (GCs) was applied to evaluate degree of brain injury of extremely preterm infants in the study group,further they were stratified into mild brain injury group (n=23),moderate brain injury group (n=19) and severe brain injury group (n=18).After treatment,these extremely preterm infants in the study group were divided into good prognosis group (n=43) and poor prognosis group (n=17) according to prognoses of the extremely preterm infants.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect serum level of neuregulin-1,and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) was applied to detect serum level of folic acid.Spearman correlation analysis was applied to analyze correlation between neuregulin-1 and folic acid,and correlations of the two indexes with severity of brain injury of the extremely preterm infants.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze diagnostic and predictive values of serum levels of neuregulin-1 and folic acid for early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Results The expression levels of serum neuregulin 1 and folic acid in the study group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (t=6.894 and 8.947 respectively,both Plt;0.001).The expression levels of neuregulin 1 and folic acid in serum of the extremely preterm infants in the mild brain injury group,the moderate brain injury group and the severe brain injury group decreased successively,and the differences were statistically significant (F=18.051 and 64.521 respectively,both Plt;0.001).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of neuregulin 1 and folic acid in serum were both negatively correlated with degree of brain injury (r=-0.624 and -0.539 respectively,both Plt;0.05),and neuregulin 1 and folic acid were positively correlated each other (r=0.567,Plt;0.05).The expression levels of neuregulin 1 and folic acid in serum of the extremely preterm infants in the good prognosis group were higher than those in the poor prognosis group,and the differences were statistically significant (t=8.685 and 9.419 respectively,both Plt;0.001).The areas under the curve (AUCs) of serum neuregulin 1,folic acid and combination of the two indexes for diagnosing brain injury of the extremely preterm infants were 0.864,0.821 and 0.934 respectively,indicating that the diagnostic efficacy of the combination of the two indexes was better (Z=2.869 and 3.603 respectively,both Plt;0.05).The AUCs of serum neuregulin 1,folic acid and the combination of the two indexes for predicting poor prognosis of the extremely preterm infants with brain injury were 0.848,0.871 and 0.979 respectively,indicating that the
predictive efficacy of the combination of the two indexes was better (Z=2.616 and 2.688 respectively,both Plt;0.05). Conclusion The serum levels of neuregulin-1 and folic acid of the extremely preterm infants with brain injury descend,and the two indexes are negatively correlated with degree of brain injury.So,the two indexes have certain diagnostic values for early diagnosis and prediction of poor prognosis of these extremely preterm infants with brain injury.
[Key words] "neuregulin-1;folic acid;extremely preterm infant;brain injury;diagnosis;prognosis
早產(chǎn)在全球發(fā)病率較高,由于大腦不成熟、圍產(chǎn)期窒息、產(chǎn)前感染/炎癥、慢性缺氧等不良因素可誘發(fā)腦損傷,繼而導(dǎo)致患兒死亡或遺留神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)后遺癥,其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與出生時(shí)的發(fā)育程度成反比[1]。腦損傷是超早產(chǎn)兒(妊娠lt;28周)的常見并發(fā)癥,給家庭和社會(huì)帶來沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)[2]。因此,尋找能夠早期診斷超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷,同時(shí)可以評(píng)估病情、改善預(yù)后的生物標(biāo)志物具有重要意義。神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1是一種神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)因子,研究表明,內(nèi)源性神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1可減輕急性腦損傷動(dòng)物模型中的腦組織損傷(急性缺血性中風(fēng),神經(jīng)毒素暴露相關(guān)腦損傷),起神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用[3]。葉酸是一種必需的B族維生素,在DNA合成和細(xì)胞分裂中發(fā)揮作用,以支持生長(zhǎng)和胎兒發(fā)育[4]。研究表明,葉酸缺乏可導(dǎo)致胎兒神經(jīng)管缺陷和貧血,也可導(dǎo)致高同型半胱氨酸血癥,進(jìn)而增加腦血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[5]。鑒于超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷患者血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸水平與超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷早期診斷、疾病嚴(yán)重程度及不良預(yù)后報(bào)道較少,本研究將對(duì)此進(jìn)行探討。
1對(duì)象與方法
1.1研究對(duì)象
選取2020年1月至2022年12月河北省秦皇島市婦幼保健院收治的128例超早產(chǎn)兒為研究對(duì)象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①胎齡lt;28周;②單胎妊娠;③孕期無嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①先天性畸形、遺傳因素導(dǎo)致腦損傷;②中樞神經(jīng)疾?。虎圩≡浩陂g感染低血糖腦病或膽紅素腦病。所有研究對(duì)象的家屬均知情同意,本研究獲得本院倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn)(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):QHDFY-20230310A05)。
根據(jù)顱腦磁共振成像(magneticresonance imaging,MRI)和超聲檢查結(jié)果分為研究組(超早產(chǎn)腦損傷患兒60例)和對(duì)照組(健康超早產(chǎn)兒68例)。研究組男29例,女31例;平均胎齡(26.98±2.34)周;平均體質(zhì)量(0.98±0.15)kg;生產(chǎn)方式:順產(chǎn)28例、剖宮產(chǎn)32例。對(duì)照組男30例,女38例;平均胎齡(26.87±2.15)周;平均出生體重(0.99±0.17)kg;生產(chǎn)方式:順產(chǎn)32例、剖宮產(chǎn)36例。兩組基本資料差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05),具有可比性。
根據(jù)格拉斯哥昏迷分級(jí)法(Glasgow coma scale,GCs)從睜眼(分?jǐn)?shù)范圍1~4)、語言(分?jǐn)?shù)范圍1~5)和運(yùn)動(dòng)(分?jǐn)?shù)范圍1~6)評(píng)估研究組患兒腦損傷程度[6]。GCs越低腦損傷越嚴(yán)重,分為輕度組23例(GCs≥13分)、中度組19例(GCs≥9分)及重度組18例(GCslt;9分)。
1.2研究方法
1.2.1血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸水平檢測(cè)
空腹采集研究對(duì)象的靜脈血靜置30 min,采用xinyan22-013高速離心機(jī)(上海欣言生物科技有限公司),3 000r/min離心20 min,分離出上清,樣本放置Forma 89000系列立式超低溫冰箱(廣州東銳科技有限公司)保存。酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)檢測(cè)血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1水平,ELISA試劑盒(SBJ-H0510)購(gòu)于南京森貝伽生物科技有限公司;電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫法(electrochemiluminescence immunoassay,ECLIA)測(cè)定血清中葉酸水平,葉酸測(cè)定試劑盒(YDLC-15427)購(gòu)于上海羽哚生物科技有限公司。
1.2.2預(yù)后評(píng)估
研究組患兒根據(jù)預(yù)后情況分為預(yù)后良好組43例和預(yù)后不良組17例。糾正胎齡40周采用Bayley嬰幼兒發(fā)展量表(Bayley Scales of Infant andToddler Development-Ⅱ Edition,BSID-Ⅱ)評(píng)估患兒運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)育指數(shù)及智力發(fā)育指數(shù),運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)育指數(shù)及智力發(fā)育指數(shù)都≥70分為發(fā)育正常,任意一項(xiàng)lt;70分為發(fā)育異常。預(yù)后良好組患兒表現(xiàn)為基本生命體征平穩(wěn)、體重快速增長(zhǎng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)育指數(shù)及智力發(fā)育指數(shù)都≥70分;預(yù)后不良組患兒救治無效死亡或運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)育指數(shù)及智力發(fā)育指數(shù)其中一項(xiàng)lt;70分。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
用SPSS 25.0軟件分析數(shù)據(jù)。計(jì)數(shù)資料用例數(shù)(n)和百分比(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x-±s)表示,兩組間行t檢驗(yàn); Spearman相關(guān)分析神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸之間的相關(guān)性及兩者與腦損傷程度的相關(guān)性;繪制受試者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲線分析血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸水平對(duì)超早產(chǎn)腦損傷患兒早期診斷和預(yù)后預(yù)測(cè)的臨床價(jià)值。Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1對(duì)照組和研究組血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)比較
研究組血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)水平低于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t值分別為6.894、8.947,Plt;0.001),見表1。
2.2不同腦損傷程度患者血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)比較
輕度組、中度組、重度組血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)水平依次降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F值分別為18.051、64.521,Plt;0.001),見表2。
2.3血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸相關(guān)性及兩者與腦損傷程度的相關(guān)性
Spearman相關(guān)分析顯示,血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)水平與腦損傷程度均呈負(fù)相關(guān)性(r值分別為-0.624、-0.539,Plt;0.05),血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1與葉酸表達(dá)水平呈正相關(guān)性(r=0.567,Plt;0.05)。
2.4預(yù)后良好組和預(yù)后不良組血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)水平比較
預(yù)后良好組血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)水平高于預(yù)后不良組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t值分別為8.685、9.419,Plt;0.001),見表3。
2.5血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)對(duì)超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷的診斷價(jià)值
以超早產(chǎn)兒是否發(fā)生腦損傷(是=1,否=0)為狀態(tài)變量,以血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸水平為檢驗(yàn)變量繪制ROC曲線。結(jié)果顯示,血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1診斷腦損傷發(fā)生的曲線下面積(area under curve,AUC)為0.864(95%CI:0.792~0.918),敏感度為90.00%,特異度為75.00%,截?cái)嘀禐?9.26pg/mL;葉酸診斷腦損傷發(fā)生的AUC為0.821(95%CI:0.744~0.833),敏感度為83.33%,特異度為70.59%,截?cái)嘀禐?.17ng/mL;兩者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的AUC為0.934(95%CI:0.876~0.970),敏感度為82.67%,特異度為88.24%,聯(lián)合診斷效能更好(Z值分別為2.869、3.603,P<0.05),見圖1和表4。
2.6血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸表達(dá)對(duì)腦損傷患兒預(yù)后的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值
以超早產(chǎn)腦損傷患兒預(yù)后情況(預(yù)后不良=1,預(yù)后良好=0)為狀態(tài)變量,以血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸水平為檢驗(yàn)變量繪制ROC曲線。結(jié)果顯示,血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1診斷不良預(yù)后發(fā)生的AUC為0.848(95%CI:0.732~0.928),敏感度為76.47%,特異度為83.72%,截?cái)嘀禐?4.96pg/mL;葉酸診斷不良預(yù)后發(fā)生的AUC為0.871(95%CI:0.760~0.944),敏感度為94.12%,特異度為74.42%,截?cái)嘀禐?.62ng/mL;兩者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的AUC為0.979(95%CI:0.904~0.995),敏感度為90.12%,特異度為93.02%,聯(lián)合診斷效能更好(Z值分別為2.616、2.688,P<0.05),見圖2和表5。
3討論
3.1血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1對(duì)超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷影響的分析
超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷的臨床癥狀和體征不明顯,目前頭顱超聲、核磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)等神經(jīng)影像學(xué)在檢測(cè)和評(píng)估超早產(chǎn)兒神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷方面起著關(guān)鍵作用,但頭顱超聲由于技術(shù)因素和身體限制可能導(dǎo)致圖像欠佳,導(dǎo)致診斷不正確,而MRI掃描時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、新生兒配合困難,導(dǎo)致其使用受到限制[7]。近年來一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn),血液生物標(biāo)志物可用來診斷超早產(chǎn)腦損傷和預(yù)測(cè)神經(jīng)發(fā)育結(jié)局[8]。神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1通過ErbB受體酪氨酸激酶家族的作用觸發(fā)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo),參與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育和神經(jīng)元損傷的恢復(fù)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1在急性卒中期間對(duì)大腦皮層和白質(zhì)(包括胼胝體和穹窿)均具有顯著的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用[9]。神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1參與維持血腦屏障完整性和腦微血管細(xì)胞活力,并且在血紅素誘導(dǎo)的損傷和缺血的情況下具有細(xì)胞保護(hù)作用[10]。神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1也被證明能夠調(diào)節(jié)Bcl-2等抗凋亡蛋白的表達(dá),抑制細(xì)胞凋亡和促炎反應(yīng),并可抑制單核細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)、炎性細(xì)胞因子產(chǎn)生和星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化[11]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1在超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷患者血清中低表達(dá),并隨著腦損傷程度的加重,血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1水平顯著降低,并與腦損傷程度呈負(fù)相關(guān)性。血管性癡呆患者的血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1水平下降,神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1與認(rèn)知功能、神經(jīng)功能和預(yù)后具有明顯相關(guān)性[12]。
3.2葉酸對(duì)超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷影響的分析
葉酸是一種水溶性B族維生素,與中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的功能和發(fā)育密切相關(guān),在受孕前后攝入足夠的葉酸可降低后代出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)管缺陷的概率[13]。葉酸已被證明可以降低首次卒中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并改善其不良預(yù)后[14]。葉酸通過抑制N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸受體(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor,NMDAR)的過度激活,增強(qiáng)突觸功能來改善認(rèn)知功能障礙并改善缺血性腦損傷[15]。葉酸狀態(tài)不足與神經(jīng)退行性疾病和腦血管疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加之間存在關(guān)系[16]。賈碧野等[17]于2016年研究發(fā)現(xiàn),急性缺血性腦卒中患者血清中葉酸水平降低,低水平的葉酸含量可作為急性缺血性腦卒中潛在的預(yù)后評(píng)估標(biāo)志物。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷患者血清中葉酸水平降低,并隨著腦損傷程度的加重,血清中葉酸水平依次降低,并與腦損傷程度呈負(fù)相關(guān)性。
3.3血清神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸對(duì)超早產(chǎn)兒預(yù)后影響的分析
本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),預(yù)后不良患者血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1水平降低,神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1對(duì)超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷不良預(yù)后發(fā)生具有一定的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。結(jié)果提示血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1表達(dá)水平降低可能是超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷的標(biāo)志,對(duì)腦損傷的早期診斷、病情和預(yù)后評(píng)估具有重要參考價(jià)值。預(yù)后不良患者血清中葉酸水平降低,葉酸對(duì)超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷早期診斷、不良預(yù)后發(fā)生也具有一定的臨床價(jià)值,本研究聯(lián)合ROC曲線分析,神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1和葉酸聯(lián)合診斷AUC為0.979,均高于各自單一診斷,表明神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1聯(lián)合葉酸檢測(cè)的價(jià)值優(yōu)于單獨(dú)檢測(cè),為及時(shí)治療、緩解病情提供一定參考。
綜上所述,超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷患者血清中神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸水平降低,與腦損傷程度呈負(fù)相關(guān)性,兩者對(duì)超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷早期診斷和預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)后不良均具有一定的臨床價(jià)值。但本研究依然存在不足之處,神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白1、葉酸與超早產(chǎn)兒腦損傷的發(fā)生發(fā)展的具體作用機(jī)制尚不清楚,仍需在細(xì)胞和動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中進(jìn)一步闡明,這也是后續(xù)研究的方向。
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[專業(yè)責(zé)任編輯:艾 婷]
[中文編輯:郭樂倩;英文編輯:楊周岐]