王宏宇

摘要：主謂一致是英語語法中比較簡單易懂的知識點(diǎn)，是指謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。本文就這一語法項(xiàng)目從四個(gè)方面展開了討論，以便讓學(xué)生更好地記憶。

關(guān)鍵詞：英語語法；主謂一致；解題方法

中圖分類號：G632.0 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A 文章編號：1992-7711（2014）01-0119

一、用單數(shù)的情況

1. 有些集體名詞（總稱意義的），謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

furniture， clothing， jewellery， luggage， machinery， pottery

eg： Much of the jewellery was missing.

2. 名詞所有格后的名詞常被省，指工廠、人家、店鋪等，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

eg： The barbers/My uncles is on the other side of the street.

3. to do， doing作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

eg： To help you is my pleasure.

4.合成代詞some/any/no/every+thing/body/one作主語及each， every one， no one， either， neither， another， the other作主及either/neither/each/every/many a/more than one+名作主，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。（none 單復(fù)數(shù)均可）

eg： More than one student has seen the film.

eg： Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.

5. 由連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語，若名詞前有each， every， no， many a 修飾，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

eg： No teacher and no student is here.

6. 表時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量、度量衡等的數(shù)詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

eg： Five minutes is enough.

eg： Ten dollars is too dear.

但如強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，謂語動詞用復(fù)。eg： One hundred cents are a dollar.

二、用復(fù)數(shù)的情況

1. people， police， cattle， folk， youth等作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

eg： The police were searching for him.

2. trousers， glasses， shoes， clothes， shorts， scissors， jeans， compasses， chopsticks謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)（但若前有單位詞，由單位詞定）

eg： These trousers are made in China.

eg： This pair of trousers is made in China.

三、單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定

1. 集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語用單；作為成員，謂語用復(fù)。常見的集體名詞有：enemy， family， public， class， team， school， club， army， government， group， audience， company， committee， crowd， crew， couple， jury， party， population， union

eg： Our class is a united one， and our class are football lovers.

eg： The population of China is large and 80 of the population of China are farmers.

2. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主，謂語動詞根據(jù)意義而定，常見的名詞有：deer， fish， sheep， means， species， series， works， crossroads， fishes

eg： The species of fish are numerous.

eg： This species of rose is strange.

3. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作專有名詞、書名、劇名、報(bào)刊名、國家名等作主，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；但山脈、群島、瀑布、海峽的名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

eg： The New York Times sells well.

eg： The United States was founded in 1776.

eg： The Philipines lie to the southeast of China.

4. 以S結(jié)尾的表學(xué)科的單數(shù)名詞，謂語用單；若學(xué)科名詞前有the/ones，表某人在某學(xué)科能力成績方面存在問題，謂語用單數(shù)。

eg： Physics is a different subject.

eg： His physics are weak.

5. the+adj 表一類人，謂語用復(fù)；表一類物，謂語用單。

eg： The old are well looked after.

eg： The new will replace the old.

eg： The young standing at the door is my brother.

6. 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)及the rest， some， most， half， any， part， all， the remainder， plenty of， enough+of+名語作主，謂語根據(jù)名語數(shù)而定。

eg： A part of the land is devoted to agriculture.

eg： A part of the fields are watered.

eg： All were silent. 大家都一言不發(fā)。

eg： All was silent. 萬籟俱寂。

7. 主語后有with， along with， together with， as well as， but， except， besides， like， rather than， including， combined with， accompanied by， in addition to， no less than等詞時(shí)，謂語與主語一致。

eg： The father， rather than the brothers， is responsible.

eg： He no less than you is wrong.

8. and 連接兩個(gè)名詞表同一個(gè)人或物，謂語用單；指不同人或物，謂語用復(fù)。

eg： The writer and poet has been there.

eg： The writer and the poet have been there.

eg： Truth and honesty is the best policy.

eg： War and peace is a constant theme in history.

9. what 引導(dǎo)主語從句，謂語常用單數(shù)；但若從句的賓語或表語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

eg： What you said is right.

eg： What we need is a good book./ What we need are good books.

10. 由kind， form， type， sort， species， series， quantity of +名詞作主，謂語動詞取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

eg： This kind of men is honest. / All kinds of books are good.

eg： Men of this kind are honest.

11. 定語從句的先行詞前有one of 時(shí)，定語從句中謂語動詞看先行詞；若有the only修飾，從句謂動詞用單數(shù)。

eg： He is one of the students who study hard.

eg： He is the only one of the students who studies hard.

12. such， the same， the former， the latter， the following 等視其指代內(nèi)容而定。

eg： Such is our plan.

eg： Such are his books.

eg： Of pigs and cows， the former are less valuable.

四、就近一致原則

1. or， either...or ， neither...nor， not only...but also， not...but連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語，謂語就近一致。

2. There， Here 引導(dǎo)的句子。

eg： There are two books.

eg： Here comes the bus.

eg： There is a book and two knives on the desk.

注意： One and a half+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂單

More than one+名詞單數(shù)，謂單

Many a+名詞單數(shù)，謂單

One or two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂復(fù)

以上的分類解釋比較清楚明了，筆者希望對認(rèn)為此處比較難理解的學(xué)生會有所幫助，以取得更好的成績。

（作者單位：黑龍江省雞西市第一中學(xué) 158100）