袁曉紅

that與what的區(qū)別

1. that只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子的任何成分，可以引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句。

①主語從句：常用it做形式主語，that引導(dǎo)真正的主語或者直接用that引導(dǎo)主語從句。

It made his parents disappointed that he was addicted to playing computer games.

他沉迷于電腦游戲使父母很失望。

That she was late for class again made the teacher very angry.

她上課又遲到使老師很生氣。

②賓語從句：當(dāng)一個(gè)句子引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)that可省略；it作形式賓語，that引導(dǎo)真正的賓語時(shí)不能省略；that從句一般不充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，偶爾可以作except的賓語。

She said （that） she was going to Shanghai and that she could returned after several months.

她說她準(zhǔn)備去上海并且要過幾個(gè)月之后才回來。

I have made it clear that I disagreed to the decision.

我已清楚表明我不同意這個(gè)決定。

The article is well written except that there are some spelling mistakes.

除了一些拼寫錯(cuò)誤之外，這篇文章寫得很好。

③表語從句

The good news is that they won the football game.

好消息是他們贏了這場(chǎng)足球賽。

2. what在名詞性從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語和表語，意義上相當(dāng)于the thing（s） that， 同樣可以引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句。

①主語從句：引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)來決定。

What we badly need are those equipments.

我們急需的是那些設(shè)備。

What delighted us most was that he performed extremly well in the competition.

讓我們最高興的是他在競(jìng)賽中表現(xiàn)得好極了。

②賓語從句：可以在句中作介詞賓語

I have no idea of what he has said at the meeting.

我不知道他在會(huì)議上說過什么。

A. modern city was set up on what used to be a wasteland.

一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的城市建在曾經(jīng)是一塊廢地的地方。

③表語從句

This is what I want to tell you about.

這就是我想要告訴你的。

Whether與if 的區(qū)別

1. 作“是否”講，在ask， know， tell， doubt， wonder， see， ask， find out等詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，if和whether可以互換。

I dont know whether/if he will attend the wedding.

我不知道他是否會(huì)參加婚禮。

We doubt whether/if the news is true.

我們懷疑這消息是否是真的。

2. 在下列情況下常用whether而不用 if：

①引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

Whether he comes makes no difference. （主語從句）

他來不來都不重要。

The question is whether the experiment is worth doing. （表語從句）

問題是這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是否值得做。

We have some doubt whether he can finish the task on time. （同位語從句）

我們懷疑他是否能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。

②作介詞賓語。

I havent settled the question of whether I will help him.

是否要幫他，我還沒有決定。

③與不定式連用。

Whether to go outing hasnt been decided.

是否去郊游還沒有決定。

④與or或or not連用，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

Whether I succeed or fail， I dont care.

無論成功還是失敗，我都不在乎。

Whether you like it or not， youll have to do it.

這件事不管你喜不喜歡，你必須做。

⑤在discuss之后引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

We have discussed whether we should attend the meeting.

我們已經(jīng)討論了我們?cè)摬辉搮⒓舆@個(gè)會(huì)議。

that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別

1. that作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中可做主語、賓語和表語，作賓語和表語時(shí)?？墒÷浴?/p>

All that must be done has been done. （主語從句）

必須做的都已經(jīng)做了。

The news （that） he told me shocked me. （賓語從句）

他告訴我的消息使我很震驚。

She is no longer the girl （that） she was ten years ago. （表語從句）

她不再是十年前的那個(gè)女孩。

2. that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子的任何成分，一般不能省略。

We have strong belief that we will succeed.

我們堅(jiān)信我們會(huì)成功。

The fact has worried many scientists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

近年來，全球氣候變暖的事實(shí)使很多科學(xué)家感到擔(dān)憂。

[練習(xí)]

1. Its obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.

A. as B. which C. whether D. that

2. News came from the school office ， Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.

A. which B. what C. that D. where

3. The painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate its price would be.

A. that B. which C. what D. /

4. you dont like him is none of my business.

A. What B. That C. If D. Whether

5. Professor Li took up scientific research for decades， and this is he devoted all his life to.

A. which B. what C. where D. that

6. Tina was hesitating about the job as she didnt know the company was an established one.

A. whether B. what C. that D. until

7. After working on the Maths problem for hours， he found he thought was the key to it.

A. what B. that C. where D. which

8. you agree it or not， Ill go to Beijing to look for a job.

A. If B. Whether C. What D. That

9. I have no idea to see a film with her.

A. that B. which C. if D. whether

10. I dont know she will go or not.

A. if B. whether C. that D. what

[參考答案]

1～5 DCCBB 6～10 AABDB