陳莉農等
[摘要] 目的 探討心肌損傷標志物檢測在新生兒缺氧缺血性腦?。℉IE)嚴重程度評估中的價值。 方法 采用病例-對照研究,選取本院2014年5~10月的271例HIE患兒,根據新生兒HIE診斷標準分為重度72例、中度86例、輕度113例,并以同期120例健康新生兒作為健康對照組,用全自動化學發(fā)光免疫分析法動態(tài)檢測各組血清心肌肌鈣蛋白I(cTnI)、肌紅蛋白(Myo)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)濃度,統(tǒng)計分析心肌損傷標志物變化與腦損傷的關系。 結果 患病12~24 h,cTnI以重度HIE組最高,為(1.56±1.33)μg/L;中度、輕度HIE組次之,分別為(0.63±0.47)、(0.26±0.17)μg/L,均明顯高于健康對照組 [(0.06±0.05)μg/L] (F=97.64,P<0.01)。271例HIE患兒心肌損傷發(fā)生率為40.96%,其中重度HIE組為87.50%,中度HIE組為46.51%,輕度HIE組為7.08%,3組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=119.22,P<0.01)。患病12 h內,重度、中度、輕度HIE組3種心肌損傷標志物均以Myo異常率最高;患病12~24 h,HIE各組cTnI、Myo、CK-MB異常率基本一致;患病2 d后,HIE各組Myo異常率均持續(xù)下降,cTnI和CK-MB異常率卻維持在較高水平達5~8 d。 結論 HIE患兒心肌損傷與腦損傷緊密相聯(lián)——腦損傷越重,心肌損傷也越重;檢測心肌損傷標志物有助于HIE嚴重程度的評估。
[關鍵詞] 新生兒缺氧缺血性腦??;心肌肌鈣蛋白I;肌紅蛋白;肌酸激酶同工酶
[中圖分類號] R722.1 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2015)08(c)-0132-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the value of myocardial damage markers in the severity assessment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates. Methods Case-control study was used,and 271 cases with HIE from May to October 2014 in our hospital were selected.According to the diagnostic criteria for HIE in neonates,the patients were divided into severe ones (72 cases),moderate ones (86 cases) and mild ones (113 cases).120 healthy neonates were selected as healthy control group at the same time.The concentration of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI),myoglobin (Myo) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB mass (CK-MB) were dynamically detected by fully automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay.The relationship between the change of myocardial damage marker and brain damage was statistically analyzed. Results When sick for 12 to 24 hours,the concentration of three HIE groups were higher when compared with healthy control group [(0.06±0.05) μg/L].The concentration of cTnI was the highest in severe HIE group [(1.56±1.33) μg/L],the secondly higher in moderate HIE group [(0.63±0.47) μg/L] and the thirdly higher in mild HIE group [(0.26±0.17) μg/L] (F=97.64,P<0.01).The incidence rate of HIE myocardial damage was 40.96%.Among them,the percentage in severe HIE group was 87.50%,in moderate HIE group was 46.51% and in mild HIE group was 7.08%,and there was significant difference among them (χ2=119.22,P<0.01).When sick less than 12 hours,abnormal rate of Myo was the highest in the three kinds of myocardial damage markers in the severe,moderate and mild HIE group.When sick for 12 to 24 hours,abnormal rate of cTnI,Myo and CK-MB in three HIE groups were basically consistent.When sick more than 2 days,abnormal rate of Myo in three HIE groups continued to decrease.And the abnormal rates of cTnI and CK-MB were maintained at a higher level for 5 to 8 days. Conclusion There is a close association between myocardial damage in neonates with HIE and brain damage—the more serious the brain damage of HIE newborns,the more serious the myocardial damage is.The detection of myocardial damage marker is helpful to the assessment of the HIE severity.
[Key words] Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates;Cardiac troponin I;Myoglobin;Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB
新生兒缺氧缺血性腦病(hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)是指圍生期窒息導致腦的缺氧缺血性損害,臨床可分重、中、輕度,腦組織以水腫、軟化、壞死和出血為主要病變,臨床主要表現為意識障礙、腦水腫、驚厥、肌張力變化、原始反射異常等一系列中樞神經系統(tǒng)的異常[1]。圍生期窒息是本癥的主要病因,缺氧缺血是本癥的重要本質[2],缺氧不僅可導致新生兒腦損傷,而且因呼吸循環(huán)功能不良,可引起心肌功能障礙[3-4]。為探討HIE心肌損傷與腦損傷的關系,本研究檢測了72例重度HIE、86例中度HIE、113例輕度HIE患兒血清心肌肌鈣蛋白I(cTnI)、肌紅蛋白(Myo)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)3種心肌損傷標志物的濃度,并以120例健康新生兒作為對照,現報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2014年5~10月在本院住院的HIE患兒271例,根據新生兒缺氧缺血性腦病診斷標準[5],診斷重度72例(61例痊愈、8例好轉、3例死亡),中度86例(83例痊愈、3例好轉),輕度113例(全部痊愈);男143例,女128例,胎齡(38.53±1.72)周;剖宮產145例,產道分娩126例。健康對照組120例,男64例,女56例,胎齡(39.11±1.65)周;剖宮產67例,產道分娩53例。HIE組與健康對照組的胎齡、男女構成比、分娩方式比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 材料
1.2.1 儀器 Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP全自動化學發(fā)光免疫分析儀(美國,西門子公司)。
1.2.2 3種心肌損傷標志物試劑、校準品 美國西門子公司配套產品。
1.2.3 3種心肌損傷標志物質控品 伯樂生命醫(yī)學產品(上海)有限公司產品。①低值質控品(批號23551)cTnI為(0.06±0.01)μg/L、Myo為(69.09±4.51)μg/L、CK-MB為(3.28±0.20)μg/L;②高值質控品(批號23553)cTnI為(9.65±0.90)μg/L、Myo為(303.24±20.00)μg/L、CK-MB為(50.16±2.52)μg/L。
1.3 樣品檢測與結果判斷
真空采血管采集HIE患兒<12 h、12~24 h、2~4 d、5~8 d、9~14 d靜脈血,對照者采集12~24 h靜脈血,1 h內分離血清,用Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP全自動化學發(fā)光免疫分析儀測定cTnI、Myo、CK-MB濃度,操作嚴格按標準操作程序執(zhí)行,所有質控結果均在控。cTnI、Myo、CK-MB分別以>0.10、>110.00、>5.00 μg/L為升高。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理
所有數據用SPSS 16.0 統(tǒng)計學軟件處理,計量資料用x±s表示,多組間比較采用One-way ANOVA 分析,當P<0.05 時再進行兩組間比較的SNK-q檢驗;計數資料用百分率表示,采用 χ2 檢驗,多個樣本率間的兩兩比較用卡方分割法[6],以P<0.05 為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 HIE組與健康對照組心肌損傷標志物檢測結果的比較
患病12~24 h,cTnI、Myo均以重度HIE組最高,中度、輕度HIE組次之,均明顯高于健康對照組(P<0.01);CK-MB以重度HIE組最高,中度HIE組次之,明顯高于輕度HIE組、健康對照組(P<0.01),而輕度HIE組與健康對照組的CK-MB比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(q=0.92,P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2 HIE患兒心肌損傷發(fā)生率及不同住院時間心肌損傷標志物異常率
271例HIE患兒心肌損傷發(fā)生率為40.96%(111/271),其中重度HIE組為87.50%(63/72),中度HIE組為46.51%(40/86),輕度HIE組為7.08%(8/113),3組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=119.22,P<0.01)?;疾?lt;12 h內,重度、中度、輕度HIE組3種心肌損傷標志物均以Myo異常率最高;患病12~24 h,HIE各組cTnI、Myo、CK-MB異常率基本一致;患病2 d后,HIE各組Myo異常率均持續(xù)下降,cTnI和CK-MB異常率卻維持在較高水平達5~8 d(表2)。
3 討論
HIE是指由各種原因引起的缺氧和腦血流量減少而導致的新生兒腦損傷,患兒常在患病后1周尤其頭3 d內出現一系列腦功能障礙表現,如煩躁不安或嗜睡、吐奶、尖叫、抽搐等癥狀,輕癥患者預后良好,病情危重者,病死率高,幸存者可留下后遺癥,如腦性癱瘓、智力低下、癲癇、耳聾、視力障礙等[7-8]。本組72例重度HIE患兒3人死亡,死亡率達4.17%,可見本病嚴重威脅著新生兒的生命和健康。
新生兒HIE心肌損傷是HIE常見的并發(fā)癥[9-10],HIE發(fā)生后因心肌缺血缺氧,心肌細胞能量代謝障礙,糖無氧酵解增加導致酸性代謝產物蓄積,細胞內酸中毒,使細胞膜結構破壞、通透性增加,細胞內cTnI、Myo、CK-MB釋放入外周血使其濃度升高[11]。本組HIE組患病12~24 h,cTnI、Myo均以重度HIE組最高,中度、輕度HIE組次之,均明顯高于健康對照組(P<0.01);CK-MB以重度HIE組最高,中度HIE組次之,明顯高于輕度HIE組和健康對照組(P<0.01)。HIE患兒心肌損傷發(fā)生率為40.96%,其中重度HIE組為87.50%,中度HIE組為46.51%,輕度HIE組為7.08%,3組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01),說明HIE患兒心肌損傷與腦損傷緊密相聯(lián),腦損傷越重,心肌損傷也越重,檢測心肌損傷標志物有助于HIE嚴重程度的評估,有利于及早采取相應的醫(yī)療措施。
臨床上用于診斷心肌損傷的標志物主要有Myo、cTnI和CK-MB[12]。Myo主要分布于心肌和骨骼肌中,是心肌損傷6 h內目前較好的早期標志物,在心肌受損后2~3 h即可出現在外周血中,峰值在疾病發(fā)生后6~9 h出現,陽性持續(xù)時間短[13]。cTnI是心肌纖維上專有的收縮蛋白,其絕對的心肌特異性完全可以區(qū)分心肌和骨骼肌的損傷,是目前診斷心肌損傷特異度最強和靈敏度較高的標志物[14-15],當心肌損傷4 h后,cTnI開始在血液中升高,陽性持續(xù)時間長[16]。CK-MB是CK 3種組織同分異構形式之一,主要位于心肌細胞中,當心肌細胞損傷后釋放進入外周血,在12 h達峰值[17-18]。在臨床觀察、了解心肌損傷后有無再損傷或損傷區(qū)域有無擴大時,Myo或CK-MB是較好的標志物。
本研究結果顯示,患病12 h內,重度、中度、輕度HIE組3種心肌損傷標志物均以Myo異常率最高;患病12~24 h,HIE各組cTnI、Myo、CK-MB異常率基本一致;患病2 d后,HIE各組Myo異常率均持續(xù)下降,cTnI和CK-MB異常率卻維持在較高水平達5~8 d,提示動態(tài)檢測心肌損傷標志物,有助于HIE患兒心肌損傷的早期診斷、療效評估及預后判斷。
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(收稿日期:2015-04-21 本文編輯:許俊琴)