劉鵬
反身代詞又稱自身代詞,它是一種表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞。它由第一人稱、第二人稱的形容詞性物主代詞和第三人稱的人稱代詞賓格加詞尾-self或-selves構(gòu)成:
一、作及物動詞或介詞的賓語,表示動作返回到主語本身。例如:
I want to build myself a country house. 我想給自己建一座鄉(xiāng)間別墅。
但在表示位置的一些介詞之后常用代詞賓格代替反身代詞。例如:
He closed the door after him. 他隨手關(guān)上了門。
二、作主語或賓語的同位語,常置于與之同位的詞后面,也可在句末。例如:
I myself opened the windows./ I opened the windows myself. 讓我自己開的窗戶。
三、反身代詞有時(shí)可以用作主語或表語。例如:
Both my sister and myself wanted to work there. 我妹妹和我自己都想去那兒工作。
四、一般不用作定語。例如:
錯(cuò)誤:Those are themselves bikes. 那些是他們自己的自行車。
正確:Those are their own bikes./ Those are bikes of their own.
當(dāng)one指人時(shí),其相應(yīng)的反身代詞通常用oneself,在美國英語中也可用himself。例如:
One should not live for oneself/ himself alone. 一個(gè)人不應(yīng)該只為自己活著。
五、反身代詞常和某些動詞連用。例如:enjoy, help, teach, learn, look after, hurt, dress等。
enjoy oneself 玩得開心 help oneself to... (招待用語)隨便吃……
teach oneself/ learn by oneself 自學(xué) look after oneself 照顧自己
hurt oneself 傷著自己 dress oneself 自己穿衣服
六、反身代詞還可以用于介詞短語。例如:
(1) by oneself 自己(不要?jiǎng)e人幫助)一個(gè)人干
I can do it by myself. 我可以自己來干。
(2) for oneself 替自己,為自己
He has a right to decide for himself. 他有權(quán)自己決定。
(3) in oneself 本身
This is not a bad idea in itself. 這主意本身并不錯(cuò)。
(4) between ourselves 私下說的話(不可告訴別人)
All this is between ourselves. 這些都不能告訴別人。
(5) among themselves 他們之間
They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他們之間進(jìn)行了熱烈的討論。
(6) to oneself 供自己用
I want a little time to myself. 我想有一點(diǎn)自己支配的時(shí)間。