牛琳 黃遙 唐威 胡簫
病例報(bào)告
右足腱鞘巨細(xì)胞瘤合并左踝毛細(xì)血管瘤一例
牛琳 黃遙 唐威 胡簫
巨細(xì)胞瘤;血管瘤,毛細(xì)管;腱;足
腱鞘巨細(xì)胞瘤(giant cell tumour of tendon sheath,GCTTS)是一組起源于關(guān)節(jié)滑膜、滑囊和腱鞘的病變,至今病因不明,好發(fā)于手指,發(fā)生于足部者少見。毛細(xì)血管瘤主要見于嬰幼兒皮膚、皮下或黏膜組織,是一種良性的血管性病變,發(fā)生于成年人及下肢者少見。國內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)尚未見足部 GCTTS 合并毛細(xì)血管瘤的報(bào)道。筆者經(jīng)治 1 例右足 GCTTS 合并左踝毛細(xì)血管瘤病變,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
患者,男,59 歲,因右足背部腫物 9 年余及左外踝腫物 1 年余入院?;颊?9 年前無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)右足背腫物,約黃豆大小,無痛性,逐漸增大。1 年前新發(fā)現(xiàn)左外踝腫物,約黃豆大小,無痛性,逐漸增大。為進(jìn)一步治療就診于我院,影像學(xué)檢查:(1)雙足 X 線片:右足背第 2~3 跖骨區(qū)可見軟組織腫物影,大小約 5.0 cm×3.5 cm,邊界清楚,骨質(zhì)未見明確破壞征象;(2)右足 MRI:右足背部腫物,以第 2~3 跖骨為中心,局部與第 2 跖骨關(guān)系密切,大小約 4.5 cm×3.2 cm×2.6 cm,T1WI 低信號(hào),T2WI / FS 中高信號(hào),增強(qiáng)掃描不均勻明顯強(qiáng)化,可見足底動(dòng)脈分支進(jìn)入,考慮惡性腫瘤可能大;左足 MRI:左踝部腫物,局部突起于皮下,大小約 2.7 cm×2.7 cm×1.8 cm,邊界清楚,T1WI 稍低信號(hào),T2WI / FS 中高信號(hào),增強(qiáng)掃描呈漸進(jìn)式強(qiáng)化,考慮為良性或潛在惡性病變。
治療過程:首先在局麻下行“右足背腫物、左外踝腫物切開活檢術(shù)”,病理提示:左踝部腫物為毛細(xì)血管瘤,右足背腫物形態(tài)符合 GCTTS。遂在全麻下行“左外踝腫瘤、右足背腫瘤切除術(shù)”,術(shù)中見右足背前方第 2、3、4 跖骨表面有一腫物隆起,大小約 6 cm×5 cm×4 cm,包膜完整,質(zhì)韌,未累及皮膚,包繞第 2、3 趾長(zhǎng)伸肌腱和第 2、3 趾短伸肌及其肌腱,深面貼臨第 2、3 跖骨和第2、3 跖趾關(guān)節(jié)囊,并向深面突入第 2、3 跖骨間隙。左外踝腫物:大小約 4.0 cm×3.0 cm×2.0 cm,分葉狀,包膜完整,質(zhì)韌,位于左外踝前方第 3 腓骨肌腱和趾長(zhǎng)伸肌腱深面,并包繞前者,腫瘤深面貼鄰跟距關(guān)節(jié)囊、距舟關(guān)節(jié)囊和跟周關(guān)節(jié)囊。
左踝部腫物免疫組化提示:CD31(1+),CD34(血管 +),CD68(1+),S-100(-),NF(-),SMA(-),Ki-67(<5%),術(shù)后病理回報(bào):左外踝腫物考慮毛細(xì)血管瘤,右足背腫物考慮 GCTTS(圖 1、2)。
圖1 右足腱鞘巨細(xì)胞瘤 a:右足X 線片示第 2~3 跖骨區(qū)軟組織腫物影,邊界清楚,未見明確骨質(zhì)破壞征象;b:T1WI 低信號(hào);c:T2WI / FS 中高信號(hào);d:AXT1+ C 增強(qiáng)掃描不均勻明顯強(qiáng)化Fig.1 Tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the right foot a: X-ray showed that a circumscribed tumor between second and third metatarsal bone areas, with no obvious bone destruction; b: The transverse T1-weighted MR image showed low signal intensity; c: The transverse T2-weighted -FS MR image showed slightly hyper signal intensity;d: The transverse T1enhanced-MRimage showed obvious inhomogeneous enhancement
圖2 左踝毛細(xì)血管瘤a:左踝部腫物,T1WI 稍低信號(hào);b:T2WI / FS 中高信號(hào);c~d:增強(qiáng)掃描呈漸進(jìn)式明顯強(qiáng)化Fig.2 Capillary hemangioma of the left foot a: A lesion of the left ankle, with slightly low signal intensity in transverse T1-weighted MR image; b: The transverse T2-weighted-FS MR image showed slightly hyper signal intensity; c - d: The enhanced-MR image showed obvious gradual enhancement
GCTTS 于 1941 年被首次報(bào)道,該病通常是一種起源于腱鞘、滑囊和關(guān)節(jié)滑膜的良性腫瘤,發(fā)病機(jī)制及病因目前尚不明確,有學(xué)者認(rèn)為其可能與脂質(zhì)類代謝異常、關(guān)節(jié)反復(fù)外傷積血、慢性炎癥等有關(guān)。根據(jù)發(fā)病部位及生物學(xué)行為的不同,GCTTS 分為局灶型和彌漫型兩種,局灶型最為常見,約占總數(shù)的 85%,好發(fā)于 30~50 歲,男女比例為 2∶3,通常表現(xiàn)為無痛性、生長(zhǎng)緩慢的腫塊,絕大多數(shù)發(fā)生于指、趾關(guān)節(jié)附近,最常見于手指,發(fā)生于足部者少見[1-5]。毛細(xì)血管瘤是良性的血管性病變,好發(fā)于頭頸部,主要見于嬰幼兒皮膚、皮下或黏膜組織,發(fā)生于成年人及下肢者少見,而發(fā)生于足部者文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道更不足10 例[6]。本例為男性,59 歲,同時(shí)患有右足部 GCTTS 及左踝部毛細(xì)血管瘤,十分罕見。
影像學(xué)方面,GCTTS 傳統(tǒng) X 線片檢查價(jià)值有限,約50% 的患者可見軟組織腫物影,偶爾可伴發(fā)骨質(zhì)破壞、骨膜反應(yīng)等,但無法顯示關(guān)節(jié)滑膜以及關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)的情況,而CT 檢查對(duì)于骨質(zhì)受累的顯示要優(yōu)于其它影像檢查方法,MRI 因?yàn)橛休^高的軟組織分辨率,有助于 GCTTS 的診斷,部分病例呈現(xiàn)出 T1、T2特征性低信號(hào),多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為這與含鐵血黃素的順磁性效應(yīng)有關(guān),由于 GCTTS 是富含毛細(xì)血管的腫物,腫瘤反復(fù)出血可導(dǎo)致含鐵血黃素沉積,進(jìn)而呈現(xiàn)出特異性的 MRI 信號(hào)[3,7]。毛細(xì)血管瘤 CT 表現(xiàn)為邊界清楚的低密度腫物,增強(qiáng)掃描明顯強(qiáng)化,MRI 表現(xiàn)為T1低信號(hào),T2高信號(hào)[8],但關(guān)于軟組織毛細(xì)血管瘤的影像學(xué)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道較少,多數(shù)病變因發(fā)病部位表淺常行手術(shù)切除而確診。本例右足病變骨 X 線片可見軟組織腫物影,未見明確骨質(zhì)破壞征象,MRI 未出現(xiàn)特征性 T2信號(hào),表現(xiàn)不典型;左踝部病變 MRI 表現(xiàn)為 T1低信號(hào),T2中高信號(hào),增強(qiáng)掃描強(qiáng)化較為明顯,可符合血管瘤表現(xiàn)。
免疫組化方面,GCTTS 由于富含多種細(xì)胞成分因而表現(xiàn)多樣,如 desmin、CD68、CD163 及 CD45 等染色均可呈陽性。而毛細(xì)血管瘤由于富含血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,而表達(dá)多種特異性內(nèi)皮標(biāo)志如 CD34 和 CD31 等。本例右足病變未行免疫組化染色,左踝部病變 CD31(+)、CD34(血管 +),與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道相符[9]。
盡管兩者均為良性病變,但完整的手術(shù)切除是必不可少的。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道 GCTTS 術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率從 4%~44% 不等,完整切除者復(fù)發(fā)率為 7.70%,次全切除者復(fù)發(fā)率為 66.75%,因此完整切除已經(jīng)成為該病公認(rèn)的最好的治療方式,可以顯著降低復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[7]。而皮膚或軟組織的毛細(xì)血管瘤因常見復(fù)發(fā),也需要完整的手術(shù)切除[10]。
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(本文編輯:李貴存)
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the right foot with capillary hemangioma of the left foot: 1 case report
NIU Lin, HUANG Yao, TANG Wei, HU Xiao. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, PRC
HUANG Yao, Email: huangyao93@163.com
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor is a benign soft tissue tumor arising from the synovia of the fibrous tissues surrounding the joints, tendon sheaths, mucosal bursas. It is mostly found in the hand and wrist and rarely observed in the foot. Capillary hemangiomas are benign vascular lesions, most often found in the cutaneous,subcutaneous, or mucosal tissues in the childhood. The report of capillary hemangiomas in the foot is especially uncommon and the number of papers is less than 10. In this case, we presented an elderly man who was diagnosed with tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the right foot and capillary hemangioma of the left foot. He had masses for 9 year on the back of the right foot and 1 year in the left external ankle without any reasons. He received surgical excision of masses, which is the imperative treatment strategy and could reduce the recurrence rate. Also, we presented a brief literature review of the tenosynovial giant cell tumor and capillary hemangioma.
Giant cell tumors; Hemangioma, capillary; Tendons; Foot
10.3969/j.issn.2095-252X.2016.08.017 中圖分類號(hào):R738.5
100021 北京,中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院腫瘤醫(yī)院影像診斷科
黃遙,Email: huangyao93@163.com
(2016-02-05)