吳納勤
摘要:認真學習語法知識,加強語言運用,夯實語言基礎(chǔ),形成扎實的語法基本功。引導學生理解語法填空題的命題特點,要求熟練掌握語法填空題常見的考點和具體的做題方法。形成正確的做題思維和強大的語感能力,只有進行反復訓練,不斷激發(fā)學習興趣,增強信心,鞏固所學,及時反饋,認真推敲體會,才能有效地提高解題綜合能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:語法填空;解題能力;有提示詞;無提示詞
中圖分類號:G632.0 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1992-7711(2017)03-0041
眾所周知,學生在做語法填空題時,會出現(xiàn)各種各樣的問題,難以得高分。做好這類題型,需要具備扎實的語法基本功,需要掌握語法填空題的命題特點和熟練運用解題方法,需要經(jīng)過強化訓練,才能有效地提高語法填空題的解題能力。
首先,要求學生認真學習語法知識,加強語言運用,夯實語言基礎(chǔ),形成扎實的語法基本功。
其次,引導學生理解語法填空題的命題特點。語法填空題要求閱讀一篇200字左右的短文,根據(jù)句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系完成10小題,每小題1.5分。一般說來,根據(jù)句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)確定詞性變化,根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定詞類選用。題型設(shè)計分分為兩類:1. 寫出括號中提示詞的正確形式(一般不超過三個詞)。2. 在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~。理解了語法填空題的命題特點,平時學習目標更加明確,學習語法更加認真,更加關(guān)注重要的單詞、短語和句型,記住常見的前綴、后綴變化。
最后,要求學生熟練掌握語法填空題常見的考點和具體的做題方法。通過選自高考題和平時練習中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的例句,歸納總結(jié)出常見的考點和具體的做題方法,讓學生逐步學會如何做好語法填空,明確解題步驟和方法,進一步強化解題能力。瀏覽全文,抓住大意,先處理較容易的,后做難度大的,最后核查校對,確保語法正確,語意貫通,符合邏輯。通過學生的自主學習和訓練,認真體會和掌握做題的方法,提高解題能力。
下面,我們共同探討語法填空題中常見的考點和具體的做題方法:
一、有提示詞
1. 動詞
(1)謂語動詞,判斷時態(tài)和語態(tài)
【2015全國卷2】...they warm up again for the night. This cycle (go) day after day.
答案:goes 考查時態(tài) 根據(jù)上下文,用一般現(xiàn)在時。
(2)非謂語動詞,判斷過去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,不定式。
【2016全國卷3】People probably cooked their food in large pots,
(use) twigs(樹枝) to remove it.
答案: using 考查非謂語動詞,people和use是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞using。
2. 名詞
【2016全國卷1】The nursery team switches him every few
(day) with his sister
答案:days 考查名詞,few后面接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。
3. 形容詞
【2016全國卷2】If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別) those of 1 (great)and less importance.
答案:greater 考查形容詞,根據(jù)and less可知用比較級。
4. 副詞
【2016全國卷3】Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs(樹枝) which (gradual)turned into chopsticks.
答案:gradually 考查副詞,副詞修飾動詞短語turned into。
5. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)化
【2015全國卷2】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings(土坯房)admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house
答案:ability 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化,形容詞able轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~ability。
二、無提示詞
1. 冠詞
【2014全國卷1】Now, years later, this river is one of ___ most outstanding examples of environmental clean-up.
答案: the 考查冠詞,定冠詞the用于形容詞的最高級前。
2.代詞
【2016全國卷1】I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been selected by mother. The nursery team switches him...
答案:his考查代詞,根據(jù)下文him指代小公熊貓,用形容詞性物主代詞his。
3. 連詞
【2014全國卷1】But the river wasnt changed in a few days
even a few months.
答案:or 考查連詞,or表示選擇關(guān)系。
4. 介詞
【2016全國卷3】Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands.
答案:with 考查介詞,with+表示具體工具的名詞。
真題演練
【2016全國卷1】Chengdu has dozens of new (上接第41頁)millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1 (attract).
So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where pocket money helps pay for research. I 2 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre center. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on the TV show in the mid—1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been selected by 8 mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day) with his sister so that the one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum - she never suspects.
答案:1. attraction 2. was allowed 3. officially 4. to 5. when 6. permitted 7. introducing 8. his 9. days 10. the
總之,在平時教學過程中,我們一定要積極地引導學生,只有不斷夯實語言基礎(chǔ),加強語言運用,具備扎實的語法基本功;只有洞察命題特點,熟練掌握常見的考點和具體的做題方法,形成正確的做題思維和強大的語感能力;只有進行反復訓練,不斷激發(fā)學習興趣、增強信心、鞏固所學、及時反饋、認真推敲體會,才能有效地提高解題綜合能力。
(作者單位:安徽省廬江裴崗中學 231500)