許貴祥

【摘 要】 初中英語閱讀教學(xué)不但要注意指導(dǎo)學(xué)生把握文章表層意思，還要對學(xué)生進(jìn)行深層閱讀思維能力，幫助他們拓展思路，生成語感，掌握閱讀技巧，提高人文素養(yǎng)，從而真正掌握英語基本技能。本文中筆者通過案例分析探索如何在初中英語閱讀教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的深層思維能力。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 英語閱讀 ?深層閱讀 ?邏輯思維

一、問題的提出

作為信息的輸入環(huán)節(jié)，閱讀在英語學(xué)習(xí)中有著不可替代的作用，它是我們培養(yǎng)語感，形成語言能力的基本條件。但是，“學(xué)而不思則罔”，如果我們只讓學(xué)生去死記硬背，也是對教育資源和時間的浪費(fèi)，因此，我們還要注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在閱讀中的深層思維能力。當(dāng)下的對閱讀理解能力的考查，側(cè)重的是理解能力，不是只能讀下來就行，這是一項(xiàng)重要的英語技能考查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對學(xué)生的英語可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力進(jìn)行有效校準(zhǔn)與指引。這就要求教師在閱讀教學(xué)過程中，不但要注意指導(dǎo)學(xué)生把握文章表層意思，還要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生深層閱讀思維的能力。下面我們對如何在初中英語閱讀教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的深層思維能力進(jìn)行討論與探索。

二、在英語閱讀教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力的策略

（一）捋順文本結(jié)構(gòu)，厘定主要線索。

我們要想理解作者的寫作內(nèi)容，就要在閱讀過程中掌握作者的寫作綱領(lǐng)和框架，這樣才能提綱挈領(lǐng)，掌握作者的寫作意圖和思維路線。具體實(shí)踐中，我們可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在閱讀過程中養(yǎng)成分析標(biāo)題、捋順文本結(jié)構(gòu)的好習(xí)慣，也可以通過辨識文章體裁進(jìn)行內(nèi)容厘定;再細(xì)節(jié)的話還可以通過捕捉過渡承接的語篇和詞句進(jìn)行段落擴(kuò)展;或者通過尋找段落主題句，來尋找文章脈絡(luò)。比如，在英語閱讀教學(xué)時如果我們只強(qiáng)調(diào)讓學(xué)生通讀和背誦，那最多也就是訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的語感，而筆者讓學(xué)生的閱讀過程中分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，找到文章的寫作順序，一些相關(guān)問題就迎刃而解了。

University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world and its one of the top universities in the world. There is no clear date when the university started， but teaching began at Oxford in some forms in 1096 and developed quickly from 1167.

There are 39 independent colleges at Oxford， attracting students and learned men from across the world. There are over 100 libraries for the students and learned men to use. At University of Oxford， they also provide a number of money for the best students. Of course， if you want to study here， first you have to reach a certain level of English language.

College life at Oxford is very exciting but busy. The groups of college provide a friendly and welcoming home for students while the college are strict with students about their studies. Many Chinese students are studying here. The number of Chinese students at the university has grown quickly over the past 10 years.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出能回答所提問題或完成所給句子的最佳答案。

1. What do you have to do first if you want to ask fir studying at Oxford？ You have to ______.

A. be independent

B. pass an English language level test

C. study English hard

D. be the best students

2. Hows the college life at Oxford？ Its full of ______ and has __ ? __.

A. excitement; much school work to do

B. excitement; no school work to do

C. attraction; no school work to do

D. attraction; a little school work to do

3. Whats the best title for the passage？

A. The College Life

B. The Famous Learners at Oxford

C. The Chinese Students at Oxford

D. The University of Oxford

在上述閱讀理解中，筆者除了要求學(xué)生完成上述題目之外，還要根據(jù)段落中的關(guān)鍵詞，諸如：“when / where / who / how /what / feelings”，等來判斷文章的的閱讀及理解重點(diǎn)。如此，就使得學(xué)生一目了然、很快就把握了文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，然后再從特殊到一般進(jìn)行推理和普及，有效提升學(xué)生閱讀英語材料和分析實(shí)際問題的能力，而這都將極大地促進(jìn)其邏輯思維品質(zhì)。

The loneliest chimp （黑猩猩） in the world just got the best surprise—a hug from a new friend. Ponso has been by himself for nearly three years， finding himself alone after his wife and children died on the island where they were abandoned by a medical testing company many years ago.

For years a nearby villager named Germain has been Ponsos only company， visiting him so often to bring bananas and bread—the chimps only source of food on the tiny island. It was clear how much Ponso missed companionship when he was recently visited by Chimpanzee Conservation Centre Director Estelle Raballand. The chimp immediately embraced Estelle Raballand in a huge hug and laughed as she reached out for him， with his smile from ear to ear.

For those who know Ponsos backstory， his immediate ease and trust in humans might be surprising. Ponso was one of 20 chimps， all between the ages of 7 to 11 years old， relocated to an island off the Ivory Coast after being used for testing by the New York Blood Centre. After the tests were completed in 2005， the lab reportedly transferred the chimps to a string of islands， occasionally dropping off food and water because there was none in the chimps new homes.

Disease and hunger soon left only Ponso， his mate and their two children standing. But at the end of 2013 they died within days of each other and Ponso was now completely alone.

A group called SOS PONSO is trying to raise money for the poor lonely chimp， already achieving its goal of $20， 000—all of which will be used for Ponsos care.

1. What do we know about the chimp Ponso？

A. He was deserted by his family.

B. He suffers from loneliness greatly.

C. He came to the island for a test.

D. He found many sources of food.

2. How did Ponso feel about the visit of Estelle Raballand？

A. Frightened. ? ? B. Confused.

C. Embarrassed. ? ? ? D. Excited.

3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？

A. How Ponso came to the island.

B. Why Ponso was used for a test.

C. The chimps new settlement.

D. The medical test about chimps.

4. What can be inferred from the text？

A. Germain wont visit Ponso any more.

B. A new lab will be built on the island.