王格 何樂(lè)儒
摘要:起落架擺振是指飛機(jī)在著陸滑跑時(shí)前起落架機(jī)輪(或主起落架機(jī)輪)所發(fā)生的偏離機(jī)輪中立位置,同時(shí)在側(cè)向和扭轉(zhuǎn)方向出現(xiàn)劇烈的相互耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)的振動(dòng)現(xiàn)象。在擺振設(shè)計(jì)中,應(yīng)該選擇合適的起落架參數(shù),使得在整個(gè)滑跑參數(shù)范圍內(nèi),機(jī)輪是擺振穩(wěn)定的,并具有充分的穩(wěn)定裕度。但是,單純地依靠起落架本身的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),往往不足以防止擺振。例如,穩(wěn)定距增大到一定程度可以防止擺振,但對(duì)起落架受載和轉(zhuǎn)彎操縱非常不利。迄今為止,防止擺振最有效的方法是減擺器裝置。該文對(duì)某型無(wú)人機(jī)前起落架進(jìn)行擺振分析,并驗(yàn)證減擺器的可行性。
關(guān)鍵詞:起落架擺振 減擺器裝置 減擺阻尼 無(wú)人機(jī)
中圖分類號(hào):V217 ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A ? 文章編號(hào):1672-3791(2021)12(a)-0000-00
Vibration Analysis of the Front Landing Gear of a Certain Type of UAV
WANG GeHE Leru
(Department of Aircraft, Chinese Flight Test Establishment, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710089 China)
Abstract: Landing gear shimmy refers to the deviation of the front landing gear wheel (or the main landing gear wheel) of the aircraft from the neutral position of the wheel when the aircraft is landing. The vibration phenomenon of violent mutual coupling movement occurs in the lateral and torsional directions. In the shimmy design, appropriate landing gear parameters should be selected so that the wheel is shimmy stable and has a sufficient stability margin within the range. However, relying on the structural parameters of the landing gear itself is often insufficient to prevent shimmy. For example, increasing the stability distance to a certain extent can prevent shimmy, but it is very unfavorable to the loading of the landing gear and the turning maneuvering. So far, the most effective way to prevent shimmy is the damper device. This article analyzes the front landing gear of a certain type of UAV and verifies the feasibility of the damper.
Key Words: Landing gear shimmy; Damper device; Damping;Unmanned aerial vehicle
擺振現(xiàn)象的研究起源于法國(guó)學(xué)對(duì)汽車前輪擺振[1]的研究,近些年航空業(yè)的發(fā)展使得飛機(jī)起落架的擺振問(wèn)題成為飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)中的熱點(diǎn)[2]。Moreland[3]和Smiley[4]分別針對(duì)彈性輪胎的力學(xué)性能對(duì)擺振影響提出了不同的輪胎變形假設(shè)——輪胎點(diǎn)接觸理論和張線理論,這兩種模型也成為了沿用至今的兩種經(jīng)典擺振輪胎理論。后來(lái)學(xué)者們認(rèn)識(shí)到除了輪胎的力學(xué)性能之外,機(jī)輪的間距[5]、側(cè)向剛度[6]、機(jī)輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量與支撐重量同樣影響起落架的穩(wěn)定性。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者開(kāi)展了一系列對(duì)飛機(jī)起落架擺振問(wèn)題的研究。Daniel J[7]通過(guò)自適應(yīng)特征結(jié)構(gòu)分配理論探索避免起落架擺振的方法。馮飛、常正與聶宏[8]采用分岔分析起落架的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與幾何參數(shù)對(duì)擺振穩(wěn)定性產(chǎn)生的影響,研究防擺阻尼[9]中各因素的作用,分析了擺振的極限環(huán)頻率、過(guò)渡狀態(tài)的擺振各自由度振動(dòng)頻率,建立了考慮機(jī)身運(yùn)動(dòng)與彈性的全機(jī)擺振動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。該文對(duì)某型無(wú)人機(jī)前起落架的進(jìn)行擺振分析計(jì)算,并驗(yàn)證減擺器的可行性。
2 ?結(jié)語(yǔ)
該文針對(duì)某型無(wú)人機(jī)前起落架進(jìn)行擺振分析,首先進(jìn)行了靜態(tài)壓縮載荷和動(dòng)態(tài)載荷下輪胎參數(shù)的計(jì)算,并以此推出了無(wú)因次參數(shù)和防擺必需的阻尼系數(shù),最終得出了前起落架的最小當(dāng)量線性阻尼公式,從起落架減擺所需阻尼和減擺器提供的阻尼進(jìn)行論證,具有2.03倍的安全系數(shù),表明該型無(wú)人機(jī)的前起落架和其減擺器的設(shè)計(jì)具有可行和可靠性。
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