黃晶晶
【關(guān)鍵詞】英語(yǔ)教學(xué);參與意識(shí);參與能力
【中圖分類號(hào)】G623.31? 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】A? 【文章編號(hào)】1005-6009(2022)09-0077-02
為有效提高學(xué)生英語(yǔ)課堂的參與意識(shí)與能力,筆者結(jié)合自己的教學(xué)實(shí)踐總結(jié)了以下幾點(diǎn)做法。
1.巧妙導(dǎo)入,提升學(xué)生互動(dòng)意識(shí)。
導(dǎo)入是課的起始環(huán)節(jié)。有趣的導(dǎo)入不僅能吸引學(xué)生的注意力,還能提升學(xué)生的參與意識(shí)。如:在教授朗文英語(yǔ)3A Chapter 5 Things at home Part F的詩(shī)歌部分時(shí),筆者采用了說(shuō)唱的方式進(jìn)行導(dǎo)入。
T:Boys and girls. You know me a lot. Here is a rap about me. Do you want to sing with me?(教師做出自我介紹的動(dòng)作,與學(xué)生互動(dòng),一問(wèn)一答)
S:Yes,I do.(學(xué)生一起拍手回答)
T:I like marbles. They are smooth. I say marbles, you say smooth. Marbles.
S:Smooth.
T:I also like teddy bears, they are soft. Teddy bears.
S:Soft.
T:I like cameras,they are hard. Cameras.
S:Hard.
T:I am happy, because you are lovely. These are the things. We can feel.
S:We can feel.
通過(guò)說(shuō)唱的方式進(jìn)行導(dǎo)入,能讓課堂變得豐富多彩,能提升學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣和課堂互動(dòng)意識(shí)。
2.精心設(shè)問(wèn),激發(fā)學(xué)生參與熱情。
在英語(yǔ)課堂上,教師要設(shè)計(jì)有層次性的問(wèn)題,讓學(xué)生在參與活動(dòng)的過(guò)程中積極思考、主動(dòng)探究,激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)熱情。仍以Chapter 5 Things at home Part F的教學(xué)為例,這一部分主要教授一首韻律詩(shī)。詩(shī)的前一部分是“As soft as the bubbles, I have in my bath. As hard as the stones, I find on the path.”。教學(xué)時(shí),筆者首先展示一個(gè)盲盒,然后問(wèn)學(xué)生“Do you want to feel the things in my box?”,學(xué)生都想?yún)⑴c,此時(shí),教師邀請(qǐng)一個(gè)學(xué)生從盲盒里取出一個(gè)東西。
T:Look, what is it?
S:It’s a bubble machine.
T:What can you see?
S:Bubbles.(導(dǎo)入此單詞)
T:Let’s use our hands to feel them. How do they feel?
S:They are soft.
T:Oh,soft bubbles.Where can you see the bubbles?
這時(shí)學(xué)生說(shuō):in the park、in the classroom、in the bathroom。當(dāng)學(xué)生說(shuō)出詩(shī)中的地點(diǎn)時(shí),教師趁勢(shì)接過(guò)話題:“Oh, yes. I have bubbles in the bath. They are soft. We can also say‘As soft as the bubbles. I have in my bath.’Which sentences do you like better?”通過(guò)比較,學(xué)生能發(fā)現(xiàn)詩(shī)歌的韻律美。相同的方式可以用來(lái)教授剩下的詩(shī)句,學(xué)生再次從盲盒里摸東西。
T: What are these?
S: They are stones.(學(xué)生觸摸并與前面的bubbles進(jìn)行對(duì)比)
T:Are the stones soft? Like bubbles? Who wants to feel them? How do they feel ?
S:They are hard.
T:Where can you find the hard stones?
S:On the mountain,on the hill, on the path...
此時(shí),教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生用詩(shī)歌中的句型進(jìn)行表達(dá),即“As hard as the stones, I find on the path.”。在以上教學(xué)中,教師所提的問(wèn)題都是環(huán)環(huán)相扣的,精心的提問(wèn)有效激發(fā)了學(xué)生的參與熱情。
3.鼓勵(lì)質(zhì)疑,提高學(xué)生參與質(zhì)量。
課堂上,教師鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生大膽質(zhì)疑、學(xué)會(huì)質(zhì)疑,能進(jìn)一步提升學(xué)生的課堂參與度和參與質(zhì)量。如我們都了解some一般用于肯定句,在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中通常要換成any。在學(xué)習(xí)some和any這兩個(gè)單詞時(shí),對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),單個(gè)句型很難產(chǎn)生疑問(wèn),于是,筆者出示句型“There are some pears. Are there any pears? There aren’t any pears.”。學(xué)生很快發(fā)現(xiàn)some發(fā)生了變化,進(jìn)而引發(fā)思考:為什么some要變成any。當(dāng)學(xué)生總結(jié)出“雖然some和any都表示‘一些’的意思,都修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,但是some用于肯定句,否定句、疑問(wèn)句中用any”時(shí),筆者又呈現(xiàn)句子“Could I have some pears, please?”引發(fā)學(xué)生產(chǎn)生疑惑,為什么此處some不發(fā)生變化呢?學(xué)生通過(guò)自主思考,發(fā)現(xiàn)在疑問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求或建議時(shí)還是用some。學(xué)生的自主質(zhì)疑和思考,無(wú)疑提升了課堂參與的質(zhì)量。
4.組織課堂討論,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生參與效果。
課堂討論的過(guò)程是學(xué)生積極參與、暢所欲言、相互碰撞的過(guò)程。教師作為教學(xué)活動(dòng)的組織者和主導(dǎo)者,可借助討論這一活動(dòng),強(qiáng)化學(xué)生課堂參與的效果。如在教授譯林版《英語(yǔ)》三下Unit 7 On the farm時(shí),筆者設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)小組討論活動(dòng):如果你是農(nóng)場(chǎng)主,根據(jù)小動(dòng)物的體貌特征,為每個(gè)小動(dòng)物設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)介紹牌,可以使用“Welcome to our farm. This farm is...(small, clean).Look at these/those...(pigs,cows,ducks).They are...(thin,strong).They are...(hungry and tired,hardworking)all the time.”等句型。此時(shí),學(xué)生互相討論,課堂氣氛非?;钴S。
S1:Welcome to our farm. This farm is big and clean.
S2:Look at these cows,they are strong.
S3:They are hardworking all the time.
討論能有效提升學(xué)生課堂參與的效果,讓學(xué)生在自主、自由的狀態(tài)中提升語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力和綜合素養(yǎng)。
(作者單位:南京外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校仙林分校)
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