李斌 李軒 張瓊 趙文鵬
[摘要]目的觀察 Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)聯(lián)合痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)在治療Ⅲ~Ⅳ度混合痔中的臨床療效。方法納入2020年1—10月在武警甘肅省總隊(duì)醫(yī)院外二科收治的56例Ⅲ~Ⅳ度混合痔患者作為研究對(duì)象,將患者隨機(jī)分為觀察組(n=28)和對(duì)照組(n=28),觀察組采用 Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)聯(lián)合痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù),對(duì)照組采用傳統(tǒng) Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)。比較兩組術(shù)中指標(biāo)、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥及復(fù)發(fā)情況。結(jié)果兩組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05),觀察組術(shù)中出血量少于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05);兩組在術(shù)后第1、3、7天疼痛評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05);觀察組術(shù)后出血及肛緣水腫發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05);兩組患者術(shù)后尿潴留及1年復(fù)發(fā)率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。結(jié)論采用 Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)聯(lián)合痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)治療Ⅲ~Ⅳ混合痔與傳統(tǒng) Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)相比,能顯著減少術(shù)中出血量,減少術(shù)后出血及肛緣水腫發(fā)生率;聯(lián)合術(shù)式并不增加手術(shù)時(shí)間、患者術(shù)后疼痛程度及尿潴留發(fā)生率。
[關(guān)鍵詞]混合痔;痔切除術(shù); Milligan-Morgan;痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R657.1+8? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A?? [文章編號(hào)]2095-0616(2022)08-0133-05
Milligan-Morgan procedure combined with hemorrhoidal artery ligation in the treatment of Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree mixed hemorrhoids
LI? Bin??? LI? Xuan??? ZHANG? Qiong1????? ZHAO? Wenpeng1
1. Department of Surgery Ⅱ , Gansu Corps Hospital of the Chinese Armed Police Forces, Gansu, Lanzhou 730050, China;2. Department of Internal Medicine Ⅰ , Gansu Corps Hospital of the Chinese Armed Police Forces, Gansu, Lanzhou 730050, China
[Abstract] Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Milligan-Morgan procedure combined with hemorrhoidal artery ligation in the treatment of Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree mixed hemorrhoids. Methods A total of 56 patients with Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree mixed hemorrhoids admitted to the Department of Surgery Ⅱ in the Gansu Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces from January 2020 to October 2020 were included as study subjects. These patients were randomly divided into the observation group (n=28) and the control group (n=28). The observation group was treated with Milligan-Morgan procedure combined with hemorrhoidal artery ligation, while the control group was treated with traditional Milligan-Morgan procedure only. The two groups were compared in terms of intraoperative indicators, postoperative complications and relapse. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in surgical duration (P >0.05). The intraoperative bleeding volume in the observation group was less than that in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the pain level on the first, third and seventh postoperative days (P >0.05). The incidences of postoperative bleeding and anal edge edema in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the incidence of postoperative urinary retention and the 1-year relapse rate (P >0.05). Conclusion Compared with the traditional Milligan-Morgan procedure, the combination of Milligan-Morgan procedure and hemorrhoidal artery ligation can more significantly reduce intraoperative bleeding volume and the incidences of postoperative bleeding and anal edge edema in the treatment of Ⅲ-Ⅳ mixed hemorrhoids. In addition, such a combination does not increase the surgical duration as well as the pain level and the incidence of urinary retention after surgery.
[Key words] Mixed hemorrhoids; Hemorrhoidectomy; Milligan-Morgan; Hemorrhoidal artery ligation
痔是肛腸科最常見的良性疾病,根據(jù)中國(guó)成人常見肛腸疾病流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,我國(guó)痔病的患病率為49.14%,患病人數(shù)占所有肛腸疾病人數(shù)的98.09%[1]。Ⅲ~Ⅳ度內(nèi)痔大多為混合痔,常伴有出血、疼痛、肛內(nèi)腫物脫出、肛門墜脹感[2]。對(duì)患者日常生活及工作影響較大,保守治療常常效果不佳。根據(jù)2018年美國(guó)結(jié)直腸外科醫(yī)師學(xué)會(huì)痔病管理臨床實(shí)踐指南[3],非手術(shù)治療失敗的患者和Ⅲ/Ⅳ級(jí)痔患者推薦手術(shù)治療。為了達(dá)到更好的治療效果,減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥,本研究在行 Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)(Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, MMH)時(shí)先在直視下行痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)(hemorrhoid artery ligation, HAL),現(xiàn)將這種聯(lián)合術(shù)式與單純行 Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)患者進(jìn)行比較分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
納入2020年1—10月在武警甘肅省總隊(duì)醫(yī)院外二科收治的56例Ⅲ~Ⅳ混合痔患者作為研究對(duì)象,將患者隨機(jī)分為觀察組(n=28)和對(duì)照組( n=28)。觀察組男12例,女16例;年齡20~68歲,平均(37.5±11.4)歲;病程6個(gè)月至10年,平均(5.1±1.6)年;痔分度:Ⅲ度16例,Ⅳ度 12例。對(duì)照組男15例,女13例;年齡21~70歲,平均(42.1±12.3)歲;病程7個(gè)月至12年,平均(4.8±1.7)年;痔分度:Ⅲ度18例,Ⅳ度10例。兩組性別、年齡、病程及痔分度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( P >0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)?;颊咧獣员狙芯?jī)?nèi)容并簽署知情同意書。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合2010年修訂的《痔診斷和治療指南》[4];②年齡18~70歲;③臨床資料完整。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①伴有精神類疾病;②伴有活動(dòng)性炎癥腸病及直腸肛管惡性腫瘤;③合并重要臟器功能不全或凝血功能障礙;④妊娠或備孕者;⑤有嚴(yán)重腹瀉或便秘者;⑥既往有肛門直腸手術(shù)史。
1.2 方法
術(shù)前20∶00后禁食,腸道準(zhǔn)備。麻醉為腰麻。采用截石位,在臀部下放軟墊適當(dāng)抬高。
對(duì)照組:常規(guī)碘伏消毒術(shù)區(qū),鋪無菌巾單。適度輕柔擴(kuò)肛2~4指。觀察痔核大小及分布。初步規(guī)劃要保留的皮橋部位、數(shù)目及切口的位置。血管鉗夾痔核基底部向外牽拉,在痔核頂部鉗夾第2把血管鉗。牽拉兩把血管鉗充分暴露痔核,將基底部血管鉗向上提起,“V”型切開臨近肛緣皮膚,將痔與組織其下的肛門括約肌逐步分離,切除痔塊至齒狀線上方內(nèi)痔基底部,用2-0可吸收線縫扎并分離其頂端,避免將肛門內(nèi)括約肌縫入。切除大部分痔核,其余殘端還納肛內(nèi)。同樣的方法切除其余痔核,各個(gè)切口之間保留足夠皮橋,創(chuàng)面徹底止血。油紗包繞橡膠管做成排氣管塞入肛管。外固定敷料。
觀察組:在行外剝內(nèi)扎之前,通過半圓形肛門鏡觀察較大母痔,在齒狀線上方約2~4 cm 處用食指捫及較明顯痔動(dòng)脈搏動(dòng),用2-0可吸收縫線“8”字縫扎痔動(dòng)脈,縫合深度為黏膜下層。其余步驟同對(duì)照組。
術(shù)后處理:兩組術(shù)后處理相同。囑患者術(shù)后2 h 禁食禁飲,常規(guī)予以抗生素靜脈滴注1~2 d 預(yù)防感染。每日換藥1次,觀察傷口。用太寧栓(西安楊森制藥有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字 H20083150)、馬應(yīng)龍痔瘡栓(馬應(yīng)龍藥業(yè)集團(tuán)股份有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字 Z44021461)納肛。術(shù)后第2日開始坐浴,3次/d,便后加1次。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
(1)術(shù)中指標(biāo)。①手術(shù)時(shí)間:自消毒鋪巾完畢開始至肛周外固定敷料結(jié)束。②術(shù)中出血量:采用紗布稱重法進(jìn)行估算。(2)術(shù)后并發(fā)癥。①術(shù)后疼痛,疼痛程度依據(jù)視覺模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)[5]進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià):0分為無痛;1~3分為輕微疼痛,不需處理;4~6分為中度疼痛,尚能忍受,需口服鎮(zhèn)痛藥物;7~10分為重度疼痛,疼痛劇烈,影響休息,需肌內(nèi)注射止痛藥物。分別評(píng)價(jià)術(shù)后第1、3、7天術(shù)區(qū)疼痛程度。②術(shù)后出血。③術(shù)后肛緣水腫。④術(shù)后尿潴留。
(3)術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率:術(shù)后隨訪1年,記錄復(fù)發(fā)情況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
使用 SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差( x ± s)表示,采用 t 檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料用[n (%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn), P <0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間及術(shù)中出血量比較
兩組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。觀察組術(shù)中出血量低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組患者術(shù)后疼痛評(píng)分比較
兩組術(shù)后第1、3、7天疼痛評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較
觀察組的術(shù)后出血、肛緣水腫發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)。兩組在術(shù)后尿潴留發(fā)生率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。見表3。
2.4 兩組患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率比較
兩組術(shù)后隨訪1年,各有1例失訪病例,觀察組無復(fù)發(fā),對(duì)照組有1例復(fù)發(fā)。兩組復(fù)發(fā)率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=1.000)。
3討論
Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)是目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的 Ⅲ~Ⅳ度痔治療手術(shù)方式,療效確切、復(fù)發(fā)率低,但出血量多、疼痛明顯、恢復(fù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)[6]。目前 Milligan- Morgan 手術(shù)仍被認(rèn)為是Ⅲ或Ⅳ級(jí)混合痔手術(shù)的“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”[7]。痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)在1995年由 Morinaga 提出[8]。相比傳統(tǒng)手術(shù),痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)后患者疼痛輕、出血少、恢復(fù)快,但復(fù)發(fā)率高。Giordano 等[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)后1年以上痔的脫垂復(fù)發(fā)率為10.8%,出血復(fù)發(fā)率為9.7%,Ⅳ期痔的復(fù)發(fā)率更高。Ahmad 等[10] 認(rèn)為痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)在Ⅰ~Ⅱ度內(nèi)痔治療效果更好。單純痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)僅對(duì)出血性痔療效較好,對(duì)脫垂痔療效欠佳,痔核萎縮僅是血管斷流后所產(chǎn)生的病理性改變[11-12]。痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)多使用多普勒探頭定位并結(jié)扎痔動(dòng)脈。也可以不借助多普勒探頭僅通過手指觸診結(jié)扎痔動(dòng)脈。多篇文獻(xiàn)報(bào)告直視下痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)同多普勒引導(dǎo)下痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)相比,在癥狀改善方面以及疼痛、出血、脫垂等并發(fā)癥方面無顯著差異,且對(duì)設(shè)備要求低,操作相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單[10,13-14]。
Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)需要?jiǎng)冸x痔核,開放創(chuàng)面,同時(shí)存在多個(gè)切口,術(shù)中出血量較多。本研究在行 Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)時(shí)先在直視下行痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù),臨床觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),能明顯減少術(shù)中出血,同對(duì)照組相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)。而觀察組同對(duì)照組相比并沒有明顯增加手術(shù)時(shí)間,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)?;旌现绦g(shù)后出血多為少量滲血,只需按壓止血即可,如出現(xiàn)噴射狀出血,按壓無法止血,則需再次探查并縫合結(jié)扎出血點(diǎn)。Haksal等[15]報(bào)告206位行 Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)患者在術(shù)后前7天有24例有出血癥狀,其中2例再次行手術(shù)止血。本研究中觀察組有2例有術(shù)后出血癥狀,低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)。兩組中只有對(duì)照組有1例于術(shù)后第8天出現(xiàn)明顯噴射狀出血,再次手術(shù)探查并縫扎出血點(diǎn)。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)觀察組與對(duì)照組在術(shù)后第1、3、7天疼痛評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。觀察組雖然聯(lián)合兩種術(shù)式,并沒有增加患者術(shù)后疼痛。 Medina-Gallardo 等[16]的研究認(rèn)為 Milligan-Morgan 術(shù)后約22.2%的病人需要服用阿片類鎮(zhèn)痛藥,而術(shù)后阿片類鎮(zhèn)痛藥的使用與術(shù)中切除痔核的數(shù)量無關(guān)?;旌现绦g(shù)后疼痛管理目前仍沒有統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),應(yīng)該根據(jù)患者的情況制訂個(gè)體化方案,以減少患者痛苦,提高術(shù)后滿意度。
肛緣水腫是混合痔術(shù)后常見并發(fā)癥,董文雙等[17]研究顯示,混合痔外剝內(nèi)扎術(shù)后肛緣水腫的發(fā)生率為38.58%,也有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)告混合痔術(shù)后肛緣水腫發(fā)生率高達(dá)65.71%[18]。本研究中觀察組發(fā)生率為17.8%,對(duì)照組發(fā)生率為42.8%。觀察組肛緣水腫發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05),而2組中發(fā)生重度肛緣水腫的病例均為環(huán)狀混合痔,說明術(shù)式并不是術(shù)后肛緣水腫的唯一影響因素。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道環(huán)狀混合痔、手術(shù)操作不當(dāng)、術(shù)后排便異常(便秘或腹瀉)、術(shù)后疼痛情況等4個(gè)因素是 Milligan- Morgan 手術(shù)后肛緣水腫的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[17,19]。
尿潴留也是混合痔術(shù)后常見并發(fā)癥,本研究中兩組尿潴留發(fā)生率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05),共有17例患者(30.36%)發(fā)生尿潴留。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道男性患者在術(shù)后發(fā)生尿潴留比女性更常見,超過三分之一的痔切除術(shù)患者術(shù)后出現(xiàn)尿潴留,而切除痔核數(shù)量越多,發(fā)生尿潴留的概率越大[20]。
兩組患者均術(shù)后隨訪1年,觀察組無復(fù)發(fā),對(duì)照組有1例復(fù)發(fā),兩組患者復(fù)發(fā)率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( P >0.05)。而趙文召等[21]在 Milligan-Morgan 術(shù)中進(jìn)行痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎,術(shù)后隨訪1~2年,觀察組無復(fù)發(fā),對(duì)照組復(fù)發(fā)率為15.6%。提示Milligan—Morgan術(shù)中進(jìn)行痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎能降低術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率。痔的復(fù)發(fā)和痔切除時(shí)需保留足夠的皮橋而保留下來部分痔靜脈有關(guān),隨著時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),壓力增加以及側(cè)支循環(huán)形成,繼而發(fā)展成有癥狀的痔1221。痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)通過結(jié)扎阻斷痔供血,從而使痔組織萎縮。當(dāng)痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)聯(lián)合Milligan—Morgan手術(shù)時(shí),在盡量切除痔核的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)扎痔動(dòng)脈,使少量殘留痔靜脈逐漸萎縮,降低術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率。
本研究的不足包括樣本量較少、術(shù)后隨訪時(shí)間較短;入組患者手術(shù)并非同一組醫(yī)師完成,在操作熟練程度及規(guī)范性上存在差異。所得結(jié)果具有局限性,后續(xù)可行進(jìn)一步研究以改進(jìn)。
綜上所述,Milligan-Morgan手術(shù)聯(lián)合痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)在治療III~I(xiàn)V度混合痔同傳統(tǒng)Milligan—Morgan手術(shù)相比,能減少術(shù)中出血量,降低術(shù)后出血及肛緣水腫發(fā)生率,聯(lián)合術(shù)式并不增加手術(shù)時(shí)間、患者術(shù)后疼痛程度及尿潴留發(fā)生率。具有良好的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] 田振國(guó),陳平,韓寶 . 中國(guó)成人常見肛腸疾病流行病學(xué)調(diào)查主要結(jié)論與建議 [C]. 鄭州:中醫(yī)藥學(xué)會(huì)肛腸分會(huì) 2015 年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)暨全國(guó)流調(diào)行業(yè)發(fā)布會(huì),2015:20-21.
[2] GuttenplanM.The evaluation and office management of hemorrhoids for the gastroenterologist[J].Current Gastroenterology Reports,2017,19(7):1-8.
[3] Davis BR,Lee-Kong SA,Migaly J,et al.The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of hemorrhoids[J]. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum,2018,61(3):284-292.
[4] 美囯結(jié)直腸外科醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作委員會(huì) . 痔診斷和治療指南(2010 修訂版)[J]. 中華消化外科雜志,2012,11(3):243-247.
[5] 徐城,楊曉秋,劉丹彥 . 常用的疼痛評(píng)估方法在臨床疼痛評(píng)估中的作用 [J]. 中國(guó)疼痛醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2015,21(3):210-212.
[6] He P,Chen H.Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids with Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of prolapsed hemorrhoids[J].Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery,2015,18(12):1224-1230.
[7] Gallo G,Martellucci J,Sturiale A,et al.Consensus statement of the Italian society of colorectal surgery(SICCR): management and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease[J].Techniques in Coloproctology,2020,24(2):145-164.
[8] Morinaga K,Hasuda K,Ikeda T.A novel therapy for internal hemorrhoids: ligation of the hemorrhoidal artery with a newly devised instrument (Moricorn) in conjunction with a Dopplerflowmeter[J].Am J Gastroenterol,1995,90(4):610-613.
[9] Giordano P,Overton J,Madeddu F,et al.Transanalemorrhoidal dearterialization: a systematic review[J].Dis Colon Rectum,2009,52(9):1665-1671.
[10] Ahmad A,Kalimuddin M,Sonkar AA,et al.A Randomized Clinical Study to Compare the Outcome of Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation (HAL) Procedure with and without Doppler Guidance in Grades Ⅰ - Ⅲ Hemorrhoidal Disease[J].Indian Journal of Surgery,2020:1-5.
[11] 王業(yè)皇,王元釗,章陽 . 超聲多普勒引導(dǎo)下痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎術(shù)的臨床觀察 [J]. 中國(guó)肛腸病雜志,2006,26(5):11-13.
[12] 林暉 . 痔動(dòng)脈治療的再認(rèn)識(shí)與術(shù)式創(chuàng)新研究概況 [J].中國(guó)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合外志,2019,25(1):109-113.
[13] Naqvi SRQ,SS QN,Rashid MM,et al.Haemorrhoidal Artery Ligation Operation Without Doppler Guidance[J].Journal of Ayub Medical College,Abbottabad: JAMC,2018,30(4):S664-S667.
[14] Schuurman JP,BorelRinkes IH,Go PM.Hemorrhoidal artery ligation procedure with or without Doppler transducer in grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ hemorrhoidal disease: a blinded randomized clinical trial[J].Ann Surg,2012,255(5):840-845.
[15] Haksal MC,?iftci A,Tiryaki ?,et al.Comparison of the reliability and efficacy of LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy and a conventional Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy in the surgical treatment of grade 3 and 4 hemorrhoids[J].Turkish Journal of Surgery,2017,33(4):233.
[16] Medina-Gallardo A,Curbelo-Pe?a Y,De Castro X,et al.Is the severe pain after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy still currently remaining a major postoperative problem despite being one of the oldest surgical techniques described? A case series of 117 consecutive patients[J].International Journal of Surgery case reports,2017,30:73-75.
[17] 董文雙,師文霞,軒晶晶 . 混合痔外剝內(nèi)扎術(shù)后患者肛緣水腫發(fā)生狀況及其影響因素 [J]. 中國(guó)肛腸病雜志,2021,41(1):30-32.
[18] 付歡歡,余蘇萍 . 超聲刀加皮橋橫向轉(zhuǎn)移治療環(huán)狀混合痔的臨床療效 [J]. 世界華人消化雜志,2016,24(8):1293-1297.
[19] 向廣陽,歐昌柏,張曉威,等 . 混合痔行外剝內(nèi)扎術(shù)后肛緣水腫的相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素分析 [J]. 中國(guó)醫(yī)藥指南,2020,18(14):38-40.
[20] Ng KS,Holzgang M,Young C.Still a case of “no pain, no gain”? An updated and critical review of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management options for hemorrhoids in 2020[J].Annals of Coloproctology,2020,36(3):133.
[21] 趙文召,趙治國(guó),楊俊川,等 . 直視下痔動(dòng)脈結(jié)扎在痔 Milligan-Morgan 手術(shù)中的臨床應(yīng)用 [J]. 中國(guó)肛腸病雜志,2013,33(12):32-34.
[22] 王杉 . 痔的外科治療 [M]. 北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社,2007:133-134.
(收稿日期:2021-11-22)