張喻潔 施漢飛 潘德鍵
[摘要]?目的?探討術(shù)前纖維蛋白原與白蛋白比值(fibrinogen?to?albumin?ratio,F(xiàn)AR)預(yù)測(cè)胃癌(gastric?cancer,GC)發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的臨床價(jià)值。方法?選取2014年1月至2019年1月中國(guó)人民解放軍聯(lián)勤保障部隊(duì)第九〇四醫(yī)院收治的237例行GC根治術(shù)患者的臨床資料。采集患者術(shù)前最近一次的血液檢測(cè)結(jié)果及術(shù)后病理結(jié)果,根據(jù)受試者操作特征(receiver?operating?characteristic,ROC)曲線(xiàn)確定FAR最佳臨界值,按此臨界值將患者分為低FAR組和高FAR組,分析兩組的FAR與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及淋巴結(jié)N分期的關(guān)系。采用Logistic回歸進(jìn)行單因素和多因素分析,判斷FAR預(yù)測(cè)GC患者發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的臨床價(jià)值。結(jié)果?ROC曲線(xiàn)確定FAR最佳臨界值為0.0707,此時(shí)預(yù)測(cè)GC患者發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的敏感度為62.5%,特異性為76.0%。統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示,血清FAR水平與患者年齡、腫瘤最大直徑、浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期、脈管浸潤(rùn)等有關(guān)(P<0.05)。單因素Logistic回歸分析顯示GC患者發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與FAR、腫瘤最大直徑、浸潤(rùn)深度、脈管浸潤(rùn)、血清癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic?antigen,CEA)等有關(guān)(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示GC患者FAR>0.0707、腫瘤最大直徑>3cm、浸潤(rùn)深度為GC患者發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)論?FAR對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)GC患者是否發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移可能具有臨床價(jià)值。
[關(guān)鍵詞]?胃癌;纖維蛋白原;白蛋白;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]?R735??????[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]?A??????[DOI]?10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2023.24.016
Value?of?preoperative?fibrinogen?to?albumin?ratio?in?predicting?the?occurrence?of?lymph?node?metastasis?in?gastric?cancer
ZHANG?Yujie1,2,?SHI?Hanfei1,2,?PAN?Dejian1,2,3
1.Wuxi?Clinical?College?of?Anhui?Medical?University,?Wuxi?214000,?Jiangsu,?China;?2.The?Fifth?Medical?Clinical?College?of?Anhui?Medical?University,?Wuxi?214000,?Jiangsu,?China;?3.The?904th?Hospital?of?Joint?Logistic?Support?Force?of?PLA,?Wuxi?214000,?Jiangsu,?China
[Abstract]?Objective?To?explore?the?clinical?value?of?preoperative?fibrinogen?to?albumin?ratio?(FAR)?in?predicting?lymph?node?metastasis?of?gastric?cancer?(GC).?Methods?The?clinical?data?of?237?patients?with?GC?who?underwent?radical?gastrectomy?in?the?904th?Hospital?of?Joint?Logistic?Support?Force?of?PLA?were?collected?retrospectively?from?January?2014?to?January?2019.?The?most?recent?preoperative?blood?tests?and?postoperative?pathological?results?were?collected.?According?to?the?receiver?operating?characteristic?(ROC)?curve,?the?best?critical?value?of?FAR?was?determined.?According?to?this?critical?value,?patients?were?divided?into?low?FAR?group?and?high?FAR?group,?then?the?relationship?between?different?FAR?groups?and?lymph?node?metastasis?and?N?stage?was?analyzed.?Logistic?regression?was?used?for?univariate?and?multivariate?analysis?to?determine?whether?FAR?has?clinical?value?in?predicting?lymph?node?metastasis?in?patients?with?early?gastric?cancer.?Results?ROC?curve?determined?that?the?best?critical?value?of?FAR?was?0.0707.?At?this?time,?the?sensitivity?and?specificity?of?predicting?lymph?node?metastasis?in?patients?with?GC?were?62.5%?and?76.0%.?The?statistical?results?showed?that?serum?FAR?level?was?related?to?age,?the?largest?diameter?of?tumor,?invasion?depth,?lymph?node?metastasis,?TNM?stage,?vascular?invasion,?etc.?(P<0.05).?Univariate?Logistic?regression?analysis?showed?that?lymph?node?metastasis?in?patients?with?gastric?cancer?was?related?to?FAR?value,?the?largest?diameter?of?tumor,?invasion?depth,?vascular?invasion?and?serum?carcinoembryonic?antigen?(CEA)?(P<0.05).?Multivariate?Logistic?regression?analysis?showed?that?the?FAR?of?patients?with?GC?was?>0.0707,?the?largest?diameter?of?tumor?was?>3cm,?and?invasion?depth?was?the?risk?factor?of?lymph?node?metastasis?in?patients?with?GC.?Conclusion?FAR?maybe?has?clinical?value?in?predicting?lymph?node?metastasis?in?patients?with?GC.
[Key?words]?Gastric?cancer;?Fibrinogen;?Albumin;?Lymph?node?metastasis
胃癌(gastric?cancer,GC)的全球發(fā)病率在癌癥中居第5位,死亡率居第3位,其在東亞地區(qū)的發(fā)病率最高[1]。GC復(fù)發(fā)是影響預(yù)后的重要原因,淋巴結(jié)是GC發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的主要途徑,所以在術(shù)前明確淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況對(duì)患者的治療和預(yù)后有重要意義。纖維蛋白原與白蛋白比值(fibrinogen?to?albumin?ratio,F(xiàn)AR)已被證實(shí)與多種消化道惡性腫瘤的預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[2-4]。淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和FAR均與GC患者的預(yù)后相關(guān),但兩者之間的關(guān)系尚不明確。本研究旨在探討術(shù)前FAR預(yù)測(cè)GC發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的臨床價(jià)值。
1??資料與方法
1.1??一般資料
收集2014年1月至2019年1月中國(guó)人民解放軍聯(lián)勤保障部隊(duì)第九〇四醫(yī)院收治的237例行GC根治術(shù)患者的臨床資料,其中男182例,女55例,年齡31~79歲,平均年齡(63.26±11.76)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①術(shù)后病理學(xué)檢查證實(shí)為胃腺癌;②腫瘤未發(fā)生遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移;③病歷資料完整。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①術(shù)前接受新輔助放化療;②同時(shí)合并其他類(lèi)型惡性腫瘤;③合并血液系統(tǒng)疾??;④術(shù)前出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的消化道梗阻、穿孔、感染或大出血等并發(fā)癥。本研究經(jīng)中國(guó)人民解放軍聯(lián)勤保障部隊(duì)第九〇四醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(倫理審批號(hào):20221009)。
1.2??觀察指標(biāo)
采集所有患者的術(shù)前最近一次外周靜脈血液檢查結(jié)果,收集指標(biāo)包括:纖維蛋白原、白蛋白、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic?antigen,CEA)等;術(shù)后病理結(jié)果按照術(shù)后病理報(bào)告采集,收集指標(biāo):腫瘤位置、腫瘤最大直徑、腫瘤分化程度、腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)量等。根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算FAR、淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移率及淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移度,根據(jù)美國(guó)癌癥聯(lián)合委員會(huì)頒布的第8版胃癌TNM(tumor-node-metastasis)分期手冊(cè)[5]對(duì)患者進(jìn)行分期。根據(jù)腺體的分化程度將腫瘤分為高分化、中分化、低分化三類(lèi),包含多種分化程度的標(biāo)本以分化最差的成分為準(zhǔn)。淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率為轉(zhuǎn)移患者例數(shù)占全部GC患者例數(shù)的百分比;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度為淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)占全部送檢淋巴結(jié)總數(shù)的百分比。
1.3??統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS?20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)(百分率)[n(%)]表示,通過(guò)受試者操作特征(receiver?operating?characteristic,ROC)曲線(xiàn)確定FAR的最佳截?cái)嘀?,并根?jù)此截?cái)嘀祵⒒颊叻譃榈虵AR組和高FAR組。FAR與臨床病理特征之間的關(guān)系分析采用c2檢驗(yàn)。使用多因素Logistic回歸分析進(jìn)一步評(píng)估FAR與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及其他臨床病理特征之間的關(guān)系,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2??結(jié)果
2.1??FAR截?cái)嘀档拇_定及分組
以FAR為檢驗(yàn)變量,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移為狀態(tài)變量繪制ROC曲線(xiàn),求得曲線(xiàn)下面積(area?under?the?curve,AUC)為0.717,見(jiàn)圖1。當(dāng)FAR=0.0707時(shí),約登指數(shù)最大。所以以0.0707為最佳截?cái)嘀担瑢⒒颊叻譃榈虵AR組(FAR≤0.0707,137例)和高FAR組(FAR>0.0707,100例)。
2.2??FAR與GC患者臨床病理特征的關(guān)系
兩組患者的年齡、腫瘤最大直徑、浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)數(shù)目>6枚、TNM分期、脈管浸潤(rùn)比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);性別、腫瘤位置、分化程度、血清CEA水平比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.3??淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與臨床病理特征的關(guān)系
GC患者發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移在FAR值、腫瘤最大直徑、浸潤(rùn)深度、脈管浸潤(rùn)、血清CEA水平等方面比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),在性別、年齡、分化程度、腫瘤位置等方面比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.4??術(shù)前FAR與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度的關(guān)系
237例GC患者淋巴結(jié)清掃總數(shù)6313枚,低FAR組淋巴結(jié)清掃總數(shù)3570枚,其中檢出陽(yáng)性淋巴結(jié)282枚,發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移50例,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率為36.5%,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度為7.9%;高FAR組淋巴結(jié)清掃總數(shù)2743枚,其中檢出陽(yáng)性淋巴結(jié)615枚,發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移66例,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率為66.0%,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度為22.4%。高FAR組淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移度均明顯高于低FAR組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。N1、N2和N3之間兩兩比較,結(jié)果顯示FAR值與N具體分期之間并無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
2.5??淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的單因素和多因素Logistic回歸分析
將表2中差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的臨床病理參數(shù)進(jìn)行單因素回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示:FAR>0.0707(OR=2.868,95%CI:1.693~4.859,P<0.001),腫瘤最大直徑>3cm(OR=4.857,95%CI:2.802~8.420,P<0.001),浸潤(rùn)深度(OR=7.778,95%CI:4.351~13.903,P<0.001)均為GC患者發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的危險(xiǎn)因素。進(jìn)一步的多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示:FAR>0.0707是GC發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的獨(dú)立因子(OR=2.155,95%CI:1.159~4.008,P=0.015),見(jiàn)表5。
3??討論
慢性炎癥反應(yīng)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)與各種惡性腫瘤的進(jìn)展和預(yù)后相關(guān),腫瘤細(xì)胞可通過(guò)炎癥介質(zhì)增加血管通透性,誘導(dǎo)炎癥細(xì)胞滲出參與炎癥反應(yīng),這些炎癥細(xì)胞和炎癥因子可導(dǎo)致正常細(xì)胞氧化損傷、DNA損傷突變,并促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[6-9]。FAR作為一種新構(gòu)建的炎癥標(biāo)志物,已被證明能夠預(yù)測(cè)一些腫瘤患者的預(yù)后,高FAR的食管癌、膽囊癌、結(jié)腸癌等多種消化道腫瘤患者的總體生存率較差[2-4]。
纖維蛋白原可誘導(dǎo)上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)變并參與腫瘤反應(yīng)性細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的形成,以促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞遷移和侵入,其降解產(chǎn)物可調(diào)節(jié)促炎活性,刺激內(nèi)皮分泌、釋放凝血因子,從而促進(jìn)血小板與癌細(xì)胞的粘附[10-13];同時(shí)纖維蛋白原活化形成的微血栓也可通過(guò)阻止自然殺傷細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡程序,這些作用均可促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移[14]。白蛋白是反映機(jī)體營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)的良好指標(biāo),營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良會(huì)減弱免疫系統(tǒng)的功能,增加感染機(jī)會(huì),并加速腫瘤的發(fā)展[15]。腫瘤微環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的細(xì)胞炎癥因子,包括白細(xì)胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1,IL-6,腫瘤壞死因子-α等介質(zhì)會(huì)抑制白蛋白的合成[16];此外,白蛋白對(duì)致癌物還具有抗氧化功能,可相應(yīng)地調(diào)節(jié)免疫反應(yīng),并作為DNA增殖和細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的穩(wěn)定劑,抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)[17-18]。綜上所述,纖維蛋白原和血清白蛋白的水平在腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展中存在諸多聯(lián)系。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,基于纖維蛋白原和血清白蛋白構(gòu)建的FAR預(yù)測(cè)GC患者發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的最佳臨界值為0.0707;高FAR組和低FAR組GC患者的淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移率、淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移度差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,高FAR是胃癌患者發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。
本研究也存在一定的局限性:①本研究為單中心、單時(shí)間段的回顧性研究,在數(shù)據(jù)選擇和數(shù)據(jù)分析等方面可能存在偏倚;②FAR作為外周血炎癥指標(biāo),易受患者機(jī)體狀態(tài)的影響,因此具有不穩(wěn)定性。盡管存在局限性,但本研究結(jié)果表明FAR與GC發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移之間具有一定的相關(guān)性,因此有必要開(kāi)展更多前瞻性、多中心的隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證FAR預(yù)測(cè)早期GC患者發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的臨床價(jià)值。
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(收稿日期:2022–09–07)
(修回日期:2023–08–17)