河南 馬國(guó)民

聽力命題趨勢(shì)與高分技巧揭秘

河南 馬國(guó)民

作為高考試卷的第一部分，聽力試題近年來(lái)命題趨于穩(wěn)定，具有一定的規(guī)律與趨勢(shì)，而且答題也具有一定的技巧性。

一、命題趨勢(shì)分析

全國(guó)卷聽力3年考查情況分析表一

全國(guó)卷聽力3年考查情況分析表二

通過(guò)深入研讀考試說(shuō)明和高考試卷，并結(jié)合上述兩個(gè)分析表，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)聽力的命題規(guī)律與趨勢(shì)如下：

1. 有10段聽力材料，分為兩節(jié)，第一節(jié)為5段短對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話均配有一個(gè)小題，談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容較為簡(jiǎn)單，每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。第二節(jié)為4段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話和一篇較長(zhǎng)的獨(dú)白，對(duì)話或獨(dú)白配有數(shù)目不等的小題，每段材料均讀兩遍。

2. 材料一般來(lái)源于實(shí)際生活，往往圍繞一個(gè)有關(guān)日常生活的話題展開，同時(shí)會(huì)有一些相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的支持，多是考生所熟悉的交際場(chǎng)景，話題包括出行、天氣、日常生活、工作和學(xué)習(xí)、度假、購(gòu)物等，以對(duì)話或獨(dú)白為主。對(duì)話多發(fā)生在賓館、飯店、商店、辦公室、影劇院、家庭、車站等不同地點(diǎn)，也可能發(fā)生在飛機(jī)、火車、輪船等交通工具中。

【真題典例1】（2016，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ，1）What are the speakers talking about?

A. Having a birthday party.

B. Doing some exercise.

C. Getting Lydia a gift.

【聽力原文】

W：What are we going to get for Lydia’s birthday?

M：How about a pair of running shoes?

W：You know she hates doing exercise.

M：Then I guess we can buy her a birthday cake.

【解析】女士問(wèn)給Lydia買什么生日禮物，男士建議買一雙跑步鞋，女士說(shuō)Lydia討厭運(yùn)動(dòng)，最后男士建議買一塊生日蛋糕。根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知，雙方談?wù)摰脑掝}屬于日常生活，內(nèi)容是為L(zhǎng)ydia購(gòu)買生日禮物。

【答案】C

【真題典例2】（2016，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ，2）What is the weather like now?

A. It’s sunny.

B. It’s rainy.

C. It’s cloudy.

【聽力原文】

W：Peter，how is the weather now? Is it still raining?

M：No，but there’s still lots of clouds. The weatherman said the sun wouldn’t come out until next week.

【解析】女士問(wèn)男士現(xiàn)在是否仍然在下雨，男士說(shuō)沒(méi)下雨，但是仍然有很多云，天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)下周才會(huì)晴天。根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容可知，雙方談?wù)摰脑掝}是天氣，并且當(dāng)時(shí)是多云天氣。

【答案】C

3. 對(duì)話一般在兩個(gè)人之間進(jìn)行，兩個(gè)人性別往往不同，對(duì)話可能是面對(duì)面的，也可能是通過(guò)電話。如果對(duì)話雙方性別相同，則往往年齡相差較大，語(yǔ)音明顯不同。獨(dú)白可以是天氣預(yù)報(bào)、活動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)介、課題授課內(nèi)容，也可以是講述自己或別人的一段往事。

4. 從題干的特點(diǎn)來(lái)看，均為特殊疑問(wèn)句，且提問(wèn)的重點(diǎn)包括事件（what）（10～14個(gè)小題）、地點(diǎn)（where）（2～3個(gè)小題）、時(shí)間（when）（1個(gè)小題左右）、原因（why）（1個(gè)小題左右）、人物（who）（1個(gè)小題左右）、數(shù)字（how many/how much）等，其中事件和地點(diǎn)是考查的重點(diǎn)。每個(gè)小題均配有A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。題干和選項(xiàng)一般比較簡(jiǎn)短，選項(xiàng)為一個(gè)單詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的句子，選項(xiàng)的長(zhǎng)度、難度和結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致。

【真題典例3】（2016，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ，10）Why does the woman make the call?

A. To book a hotel room.

B. To ask about the room service.

C. To make changes to a reservation.

【聽力原文】

St. Henri, Reserve Bin A, RWT, Magill Estate, Bin169,Bin707

M：Hello，Milton Hotel reservations. How may I assist you?

W：Hi. I’m calling to make some changes to an existing reservation.

M：Certainly. Do you have the reservation number?

W：Sure. It’s 219.

M：That’s a reservation for Sally Menkel. Is that right?

W：Yes，that’s right. I’d like to change the check-in date from September 15th to September 16th.

M：Certainly. I can make that change for you. Is that the only change?

W：No. The check-out date will also change from the 23rd to the 24th.

W：Yes. Instead of a courtyard room，I’d like a room with a view，preferably on an upper floor.

M：I can certainly change that for you，but there will be a change in the room rate. The new rate is $199 per night，instead of the original $179.

W：That’s OK. These are all the changes. Thank you very much.

M：You’re welcome. Have a nice day!

【解析】該題詢問(wèn)的是女士打電話的原因，題干使用的是特殊疑問(wèn)詞why提問(wèn)。男士說(shuō)：“這里是Milton酒店預(yù)訂處，有什么能幫助您？”女士說(shuō)：“我打電話是要對(duì)以前的預(yù)訂做些更改。”由此可以推斷出女士打電話的原因是為了變更預(yù)訂的信息。

【答案】C

二、高分技巧揭秘

1.調(diào)整狀態(tài)，深入其中

在聽聽力時(shí)，如果心神游離不定，注意力難以集中，那么就會(huì)對(duì)所放的聽力錄音一知半解，答題似是而非，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤成片，正確率低下。因此，在聽錄音時(shí)，考生需要排除一切干擾，調(diào)整好自己的狀態(tài)，靜下心來(lái)，集中精力，深入其中，這樣才能為高效答題奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

2.瀏覽題干，預(yù)測(cè)話題

在放錄音前，建議考生先迅速瀏覽題干和各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，可提前對(duì)聽力錄音的話題進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，這樣在聽錄音時(shí)，就會(huì)有所側(cè)重，有助于快速捕捉錄音內(nèi)容中的關(guān)鍵信息，進(jìn)一步提高答題的正確率。在聽錄音時(shí)，注意整體把握材料，不要因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有聽清就止步不前。

【真題典例4】（2016，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ，12）What did the man like doing when he was a child?

A. Drawing.

B. Traveling.

C. Reading.

【聽力原文】

W：Hello，everyone. Welcome to our program. Today，we are fortunate to have a special guest with us. Some of you may have heard of him before. He’s an artist. His works have received many prizes and have been shown in over one hundred exhibitions across the country—Los Angeles，New York，Philadelphia，to name just a few. His name is Chris Cucksy. So Chris，tell us a bit about yourself.

M：Well，I was born in Springfield，Missouri，and grew up in Kansas. I didn’t come from a family with wealth or position，but I did manage to get a master’s degree in fine arts.

W：When did you first start to make art? And what was the turning point in your life that made you an artist?

M：I always liked drawing as early as I can remember，so right from then，I knew what I was going to be：an artist.

W：What is it that always inspires you to create?

M：Nature is the biggest inspiration. I’m always inspired by things of beauty and harmony.

【解析】瀏覽題干可知，該題詢問(wèn)的是男士小時(shí)候的愛好，因此在聽錄音時(shí)，重點(diǎn)捕捉的是與男士愛好相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，這是準(zhǔn)確答題的關(guān)鍵。對(duì)話中，女士問(wèn)男士什么促使他成為畫家時(shí)，男士回答：“從我記事開始，我就一直喜歡畫畫”，“I always liked drawing as early as I can remember”是錄音中的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。由此可知，男士小時(shí)候喜歡的是畫畫。

【答案】A

【真題典例5】（2016，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ，13）What is the woman’s plan for Saturday?

A. Going shopping.

B. Going camping.

C. Going boating.

【聽力原文】

W：Gordon，I’m going to Keswick in the Lake District this weekend.

M：Really?

W：Yeah，five of us. Why don’t you join us? We’re getting to Keswick on Friday. Then we’re going boating on Saturday. And on Sunday，wer’e going to do some shopping.Then I will take some time to visit my aunt Lucy.

M：You’re not going to camp，are you? Isn’t it a bit cold?

W：No，we’re not. It is a bit cold. We’re staying in a country inn. It’s not like five-star hotels or anything. But it’s really comfortable.

M：Hmm，sounds interesting. You know，it’s the boating that I don’t like.

W：Well，what are you up to?

M：Sit on my sofa all weekend and watch the DVDs I’ve just bought. And that will be a busy weekend. I may finish watching Friends.

W：I don’t know how you can do that all weekend，Gordon. I’d get bored.

M：I know，I know. But that’s really what I want to do.

【解析】瀏覽題干可知，該題詢問(wèn)的是女士周六的計(jì)劃，并且從購(gòu)物、宿營(yíng)和劃船這三者中進(jìn)行選擇。在聽錄音時(shí)，側(cè)重點(diǎn)需要放在周六計(jì)劃方面，并且留意內(nèi)容是否與購(gòu)物、宿營(yíng)或劃船相關(guān)。根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容可知，女士說(shuō)周五到Keswick，周六去劃船，周日去購(gòu)物，錄音中“Then we’re going boating on Saturday”是判斷答案的關(guān)鍵句，其中“going boating”是關(guān)鍵詞。

【答案】C

3.做好筆記，喚醒記憶

俗話說(shuō)，好記性不如爛筆頭。在聽聽力時(shí)，建議考生養(yǎng)成做筆記的好習(xí)慣。聽力開始后，隨聽隨記，排除冗雜信息的干擾，留心關(guān)鍵性信息，快速記錄人物、事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、數(shù)字等關(guān)鍵性信息。特別是對(duì)于材料長(zhǎng)、信息量大、情節(jié)復(fù)雜的對(duì)話或獨(dú)白材料，更應(yīng)做好筆記，這樣有利于集中精力，有利于喚醒記憶，有利于準(zhǔn)確答題。做筆記時(shí)，可結(jié)合好題干和選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，選準(zhǔn)記錄的側(cè)重點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容力求簡(jiǎn)潔精練。

【真題典例6】

（2016，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ，17）Who is Wang Ming?

A. A student.

B. An employer.

C. An engineer.

（2016，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ，19）What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now?

A. 20%. B. 22%. C. 50%.

（2016，全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ，20）Why are engineering graduates more likely to accept a job?

A. They need more work experience.

B. The salary is usually good.

C. Their choice is limited.

【聽力原文】

M：Hello. Welcome to the program. In America，May and June are the traditional months for graduations. A listener in China，Wang Ming，who is about to get an engineering degree，wants to know how American college graduates find jobs. Right now，the answer is：not very easily. A latest study on the college job market showed that employers wanted to hire 22% fewer graduates this year than last. The study also showed that just 20% of those who looked for jobs before graduation have found one by now. This is compared to half of students who had looked for a job by this time two years ago.But one difference：fewer of this year’s graduates have started to search for jobs. Engineering graduates were more likely to have started their job search already，and to have accepted a job. This is among the best-paid professions for people with just a college degree. On average，engineering majors expect to start at about $62 000 a year.

【解析】

17題題干詢問(wèn)的是Wang Ming是誰(shuí)，在聽錄音時(shí)，聽力筆記側(cè)重記錄的是與此相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。錄音中“Wang Ming，who is about to get an engineering degree，wants to know how American college graduates find jobs.”是答題的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容，其中“is about to get an engineering degree”和“college graduates find jobs”可作為筆記記錄的重點(diǎn)。由此可知，Wang Ming即將獲得工程學(xué)位，想了解美國(guó)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生是如何找工作的，因此Wang Ming是一名學(xué)生。故選A。

19題題干詢問(wèn)的是到目前為止找到工作的學(xué)生的百分比，做筆記的重點(diǎn)就是錄音中與百分比相關(guān)的內(nèi)容?！癟he study also showed that just 20% of those who looked for jobs before graduation have found one by now.”是關(guān)鍵句，其中20%是記錄的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。由此可知，畢業(yè)前找工作的學(xué)生當(dāng)中到目前為止只有20%的人找到了工作。故選A。

20題題干詢問(wèn)的是工程專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生可能接受某份工作的原因，錄音中“Engineering graduates were more likely to have started their job search already，and to have accepted a job. This is among the best-paid professions for people with just a college degree. On average，engineering majors expect to start at about $62 000 a year.”是關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容，其中“This is among the best-paid professions for people with just a college degree.”是關(guān)鍵句，“best-paid professions”可作為記錄的重點(diǎn)。由此可知，工程專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生更可能接受工作的原因在于薪酬通常比較高。故選B。

4.快速判斷，果斷答題

在一段聽力錄音播放結(jié)束后，考生需要根據(jù)聽到的錄音內(nèi)容并結(jié)合題干和選項(xiàng)快速判斷答案，果斷選出自己認(rèn)為正確的選項(xiàng)，切不可長(zhǎng)時(shí)間猶猶豫豫，舉棋不定，畢竟各小題之間的停頓時(shí)間很短，不可顧此失彼，不能影響后面的答題。在開始播放一段新錄音時(shí)，考生需要把注意力及時(shí)調(diào)整過(guò)來(lái)，不可再停留在上一題上。